Food handling in the carp (Cyprinus carpio): its movement patterns, mechanisms and limitations
Identifieur interne : 004271 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 004270; suivant : 004272Food handling in the carp (Cyprinus carpio): its movement patterns, mechanisms and limitations
Auteurs : F. A. Sibbing ; J. W. M. Osse ; A. TerlouwSource :
- Journal of Zoology [ 0952-8369 ] ; 1986-10.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Abduction, Abundant supply, Academic press, Activity pattern, Alternative patterns, Animal prey, Anterior, Anterior palatal activity, Anterior palatal organ, Anterior pharynx, Approximate timing, Aquatic ecosystem, Available food types, Axial muscles, Ballintijn, Behavioural adjustments, Benthic, Benthic diatoms, Benthic invertebrates, Biol, Body axis, Body length, Body lengths, Bottom inspection, Bottom material, Bottom substratum, Branchial, Branchial arches, Branchial sieve, Branchial slits, Buccal, Buccal cavity, Buccal compression, Buccal expansion, Buccal floor, Carpio, Cavity, Cichlid fishes, Cladoceran suspension, Cladoceran suspensions, Clear distinction, Closure, Comparative study, Component parts, Compressive phase, Constructional morphology, Core pattern, Crucial importance, Cyprinid, Cyprinus, Cyprinus carpio, Deep body shape, Deglutition, Depression buccal floor, Different food types, Different levels, Different mechanisms, Different parts, Different patterns, Different types, Distinct elements, Distinct movement patterns, Earthworm, Effective comminution, Effective digestion, Electromyographic study, Electromyography, Energy gain, Epaxial body muscles, Extensive expansion, Extensive protrusion, External views, Fibrous content, Figs table, Fine food particles, First branchial slit, Fish biol, Fish physiology, Fleshy prey, Food exploitation, Food handling, Food intake, Food items, Food movement, Food particles, Food processing, Food processing sequences, Food sources, Food transport, Food types, Frame numbers, Frontal skull, Functional morphology, Further discussion, Further explanation, Further processing, Gill, Gill arches, Gill filaments, Gill rakers, Gill resistance, Ground food, Gustation, Handling time, Handling times, Head movements, Head parts, High demands, High forces, Inertial suction, Intake, Intermittent transport, Internal factors, Internal food processing, Internal path, Internal processing, Internal selection, Intestinal bulb, Large contact area, Large food, Large forces, Large particles, Large pellet, Large prey, Late protrusion, Lateral, Lateral parts, Lauder, Leeuwen, Leeuwen muller, Levator, Levator operculi, Levator operculi muscle, Liem, Limited ability, Line image, Lond, Long periods, Long prey, Macrophytes, Mastication, Masticatory, Masticatory apparatus, Masticatory cycles, Masticatory muscles, Maximal diameter, Medial area, Mere repositioning, Minor role, Modulatory multiplicity, Momentary adjustment, Mouth closure, Mouth opening, Movement graphs, Movement pattern, Movement patterns, Muller osse, Muscle fibres, Muscular palatal, Narrow pharyngeal cavity, Natural situation, Niche separation, Oesophagus, Open opercular slits, Open water, Opercular, Opercular abduction, Opercular cavities, Opercular expansion, Opercular slits, Opercular valves, Operculi, Operculum, Oral cavity, Oral compression, Oral depression, Oral floor, Oral jaws, Oral teeth, Organic waste, Orobranchial, Orobranchial cavity, Orobuccal, Orobuccal cavity, Orobuccal expansion, Oropharyngeal cavity, Osse, Other scenes, Overall expansion, Palatal, Palatal activity, Palatal organ, Particle, Particular sequence, Particulate, Particulate intake, Pectoral, Pectoral girdle, Pellet, Peristaltic, Peristaltic type, Pharyngeal, Pharyngeal bones, Pharyngeal jaws, Pharyngeal mastication, Pharyngeal masticatory apparatus, Pharyngeal roof, Pharyngeal teeth, Pharynx, Plate iiia, Plate iiid, Plate viii, Posterior parts, Posterior pharynx, Postlingual, Postlingual activity, Postlingual organ, Postlingual organs, Power stroke, Predaceous fish, Pressure wave, Prey, Protrusion, Protrusion movements, Pyloric sphincter, Quantitative study, Radiopaque, Radiopaque pellets, Refined selection, Repetitive, Repositioning, Results show, Results subdivisions, Rostra1 hood, Rostrad flow, Same experiment, Same time, Sand grains, Selective retention, Sequence regulation, Sibbing, Sibbing uribe, Sieve, Single pattern, Skull, Slit, Slow flow, Small particles, Small volumes, Standard body length, Standard length, Stereotyped action patterns, Stippled image, Substratum, Suction, Suction flow, Taste buds, Teleost, Terminal mouth, Transport proceeds, Transport system, Tubificids, Unique characters, Upper jaws, Uribe, Usable food, Valve, Vegetable matter, Ventral view, Volume changes, Waste particles, Water velocity, Werner hall, Wunder, Zool, Zooplankton.
- Teeft :
- Abduction, Abundant supply, Academic press, Activity pattern, Alternative patterns, Animal prey, Anterior, Anterior palatal activity, Anterior palatal organ, Anterior pharynx, Approximate timing, Aquatic ecosystem, Available food types, Axial muscles, Ballintijn, Behavioural adjustments, Benthic, Benthic diatoms, Benthic invertebrates, Biol, Body axis, Body length, Body lengths, Bottom inspection, Bottom material, Bottom substratum, Branchial, Branchial arches, Branchial sieve, Branchial slits, Buccal, Buccal cavity, Buccal compression, Buccal expansion, Buccal floor, Carpio, Cavity, Cichlid fishes, Cladoceran suspension, Cladoceran suspensions, Clear distinction, Closure, Comparative study, Component parts, Compressive phase, Constructional morphology, Core pattern, Crucial importance, Cyprinid, Cyprinus, Cyprinus carpio, Deep body shape, Deglutition, Depression buccal floor, Different food types, Different levels, Different mechanisms, Different parts, Different patterns, Different types, Distinct elements, Distinct movement patterns, Earthworm, Effective comminution, Effective digestion, Electromyographic study, Electromyography, Energy gain, Epaxial body muscles, Extensive expansion, Extensive protrusion, External views, Fibrous content, Figs table, Fine food particles, First branchial slit, Fish biol, Fish physiology, Fleshy prey, Food exploitation, Food handling, Food intake, Food items, Food movement, Food particles, Food processing, Food processing sequences, Food sources, Food transport, Food types, Frame numbers, Frontal skull, Functional morphology, Further discussion, Further explanation, Further processing, Gill, Gill arches, Gill filaments, Gill rakers, Gill resistance, Ground food, Gustation, Handling time, Handling times, Head movements, Head parts, High demands, High forces, Inertial suction, Intake, Intermittent transport, Internal factors, Internal food processing, Internal path, Internal processing, Internal selection, Intestinal bulb, Large contact area, Large food, Large forces, Large particles, Large pellet, Large prey, Late protrusion, Lateral, Lateral parts, Lauder, Leeuwen, Leeuwen muller, Levator, Levator operculi, Levator operculi muscle, Liem, Limited ability, Line image, Lond, Long periods, Long prey, Macrophytes, Mastication, Masticatory, Masticatory apparatus, Masticatory cycles, Masticatory muscles, Maximal diameter, Medial area, Mere repositioning, Minor role, Modulatory multiplicity, Momentary adjustment, Mouth closure, Mouth opening, Movement graphs, Movement pattern, Movement patterns, Muller osse, Muscle fibres, Muscular palatal, Narrow pharyngeal cavity, Natural situation, Niche separation, Oesophagus, Open opercular slits, Open water, Opercular, Opercular abduction, Opercular cavities, Opercular expansion, Opercular slits, Opercular valves, Operculi, Operculum, Oral cavity, Oral compression, Oral depression, Oral floor, Oral jaws, Oral teeth, Organic waste, Orobranchial, Orobranchial cavity, Orobuccal, Orobuccal cavity, Orobuccal expansion, Oropharyngeal cavity, Osse, Other scenes, Overall expansion, Palatal, Palatal activity, Palatal organ, Particle, Particular sequence, Particulate, Particulate intake, Pectoral, Pectoral girdle, Pellet, Peristaltic, Peristaltic type, Pharyngeal, Pharyngeal bones, Pharyngeal jaws, Pharyngeal mastication, Pharyngeal masticatory apparatus, Pharyngeal roof, Pharyngeal teeth, Pharynx, Plate iiia, Plate iiid, Plate viii, Posterior parts, Posterior pharynx, Postlingual, Postlingual activity, Postlingual organ, Postlingual organs, Power stroke, Predaceous fish, Pressure wave, Prey, Protrusion, Protrusion movements, Pyloric sphincter, Quantitative study, Radiopaque, Radiopaque pellets, Refined selection, Repetitive, Repositioning, Results show, Results subdivisions, Rostra1 hood, Rostrad flow, Same experiment, Same time, Sand grains, Selective retention, Sequence regulation, Sibbing, Sibbing uribe, Sieve, Single pattern, Skull, Slit, Slow flow, Small particles, Small volumes, Standard body length, Standard length, Stereotyped action patterns, Stippled image, Substratum, Suction, Suction flow, Taste buds, Teleost, Terminal mouth, Transport proceeds, Transport system, Tubificids, Unique characters, Upper jaws, Uribe, Usable food, Valve, Vegetable matter, Ventral view, Volume changes, Waste particles, Water velocity, Werner hall, Wunder, Zool, Zooplankton.
Abstract
The oropharyngeal feeding mechanism of the carp was analysed as a case study for cyprinids. Light and X‐ray cinematography combined with electromyography allowed a detailed analysis of the external and internal events during processing of the following food types: radtopaque pellets, earthworms, barley, tubificids, cladoceran suspensions and food‐soil mixtures. Ten patterns of head movements serve 12 feeding actions: paniculate feeding and gulping for intake; rinsing, repositioning, selective retention and spitting for selection; gathering from the branchial sieve, transport, loading of the teeth, crushing, grinding and deglutition. Muscular cushions in the pharyngeal roof (palatal organ) and floor (postlingual organ) permit postcapture selection between food and non‐food and transport. Protrusion of the upper jaw is crucial in food processing and serves different aims in particulate intake, gulping and internal selection. The mechanism of each single pattern and its effects in manipulating the flow and particles is discussed. Restrictions for processing different types of food are formulated. Tentative limits are set to the feeding on the available food types in the environment. The feeding apparatus appears to be unsuitable for exploiting very small particles (< 250 μm), plant and other materials of fibrous content. Only slow and immobile food particles with a diameter up to c. 4% of the carp's body length are effectively processed. The carp appears to be a generalist in its diet, with specializations for the exploitation of food and non‐food mixtures from the bottom, even if the contained food is of considerable density and hardness. The distinct elements of feeding behaviour are considered to be stereotyped action patterns. They are released and steered according to the actual size, distribution, consistency and contamination of the food and integrated into varied probing and feeding sequences. Different food types require different movement patterns and ‘handling times’. Protrusion with closed mouth appears to be a core pattern in food handling as it is basic to several feeding actions (repositioning and back‐washing during purification; gathering of retained food from the branchial sieve). Protrusion and the palatal and postlingual organs in this lower teleost are basic to the substrate feeding habits of many cyprinoids and are discussed in relation to (i) the hypertrophy of the pharyngeal masticatory apparatus, (ii) the recruitment of body power for mastication, and (iii) the evolutionary loss of toothed upper pharyngeal transporting bones. A scheme connects the unique character set of cypriniform fish to the origin and evolution of their feeding mechanism. The cooperation between functional morphology, ethology and ecology for the study of niche separation between species is emphasized.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03629.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:866C2F0C9D117FE933BD601F571CF9A6481A0388Le document en format XML
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A." last="Sibbing">F. A. Sibbing</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osse, J W M" sort="Osse, J W M" uniqKey="Osse J" first="J. W. M." last="Osse">J. W. M. Osse</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Terlouw, A" sort="Terlouw, A" uniqKey="Terlouw A" first="A." last="Terlouw">A. 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xml:lang="en"><term>Abduction</term><term>Abundant supply</term><term>Academic press</term><term>Activity pattern</term><term>Alternative patterns</term><term>Animal prey</term><term>Anterior</term><term>Anterior palatal activity</term><term>Anterior palatal organ</term><term>Anterior pharynx</term><term>Approximate timing</term><term>Aquatic ecosystem</term><term>Available food types</term><term>Axial muscles</term><term>Ballintijn</term><term>Behavioural adjustments</term><term>Benthic</term><term>Benthic diatoms</term><term>Benthic invertebrates</term><term>Biol</term><term>Body axis</term><term>Body length</term><term>Body lengths</term><term>Bottom inspection</term><term>Bottom material</term><term>Bottom substratum</term><term>Branchial</term><term>Branchial arches</term><term>Branchial sieve</term><term>Branchial slits</term><term>Buccal</term><term>Buccal cavity</term><term>Buccal compression</term><term>Buccal expansion</term><term>Buccal floor</term><term>Carpio</term><term>Cavity</term><term>Cichlid fishes</term><term>Cladoceran suspension</term><term>Cladoceran suspensions</term><term>Clear distinction</term><term>Closure</term><term>Comparative study</term><term>Component parts</term><term>Compressive phase</term><term>Constructional morphology</term><term>Core pattern</term><term>Crucial importance</term><term>Cyprinid</term><term>Cyprinus</term><term>Cyprinus carpio</term><term>Deep body shape</term><term>Deglutition</term><term>Depression buccal floor</term><term>Different food types</term><term>Different levels</term><term>Different mechanisms</term><term>Different parts</term><term>Different patterns</term><term>Different types</term><term>Distinct elements</term><term>Distinct movement patterns</term><term>Earthworm</term><term>Effective comminution</term><term>Effective digestion</term><term>Electromyographic study</term><term>Electromyography</term><term>Energy gain</term><term>Epaxial body muscles</term><term>Extensive expansion</term><term>Extensive protrusion</term><term>External views</term><term>Fibrous content</term><term>Figs table</term><term>Fine food particles</term><term>First branchial slit</term><term>Fish biol</term><term>Fish physiology</term><term>Fleshy prey</term><term>Food exploitation</term><term>Food handling</term><term>Food intake</term><term>Food items</term><term>Food movement</term><term>Food particles</term><term>Food processing</term><term>Food processing sequences</term><term>Food sources</term><term>Food transport</term><term>Food types</term><term>Frame numbers</term><term>Frontal skull</term><term>Functional morphology</term><term>Further discussion</term><term>Further explanation</term><term>Further processing</term><term>Gill</term><term>Gill arches</term><term>Gill filaments</term><term>Gill rakers</term><term>Gill resistance</term><term>Ground food</term><term>Gustation</term><term>Handling time</term><term>Handling times</term><term>Head movements</term><term>Head parts</term><term>High demands</term><term>High forces</term><term>Inertial suction</term><term>Intake</term><term>Intermittent transport</term><term>Internal factors</term><term>Internal food processing</term><term>Internal path</term><term>Internal processing</term><term>Internal selection</term><term>Intestinal bulb</term><term>Large contact area</term><term>Large food</term><term>Large forces</term><term>Large particles</term><term>Large pellet</term><term>Large prey</term><term>Late protrusion</term><term>Lateral</term><term>Lateral parts</term><term>Lauder</term><term>Leeuwen</term><term>Leeuwen muller</term><term>Levator</term><term>Levator operculi</term><term>Levator operculi muscle</term><term>Liem</term><term>Limited ability</term><term>Line image</term><term>Lond</term><term>Long periods</term><term>Long prey</term><term>Macrophytes</term><term>Mastication</term><term>Masticatory</term><term>Masticatory apparatus</term><term>Masticatory cycles</term><term>Masticatory muscles</term><term>Maximal diameter</term><term>Medial area</term><term>Mere repositioning</term><term>Minor role</term><term>Modulatory multiplicity</term><term>Momentary adjustment</term><term>Mouth closure</term><term>Mouth opening</term><term>Movement graphs</term><term>Movement pattern</term><term>Movement patterns</term><term>Muller osse</term><term>Muscle fibres</term><term>Muscular palatal</term><term>Narrow pharyngeal cavity</term><term>Natural situation</term><term>Niche separation</term><term>Oesophagus</term><term>Open opercular slits</term><term>Open water</term><term>Opercular</term><term>Opercular abduction</term><term>Opercular cavities</term><term>Opercular expansion</term><term>Opercular slits</term><term>Opercular valves</term><term>Operculi</term><term>Operculum</term><term>Oral cavity</term><term>Oral compression</term><term>Oral depression</term><term>Oral floor</term><term>Oral jaws</term><term>Oral teeth</term><term>Organic waste</term><term>Orobranchial</term><term>Orobranchial cavity</term><term>Orobuccal</term><term>Orobuccal cavity</term><term>Orobuccal expansion</term><term>Oropharyngeal cavity</term><term>Osse</term><term>Other scenes</term><term>Overall expansion</term><term>Palatal</term><term>Palatal activity</term><term>Palatal organ</term><term>Particle</term><term>Particular sequence</term><term>Particulate</term><term>Particulate intake</term><term>Pectoral</term><term>Pectoral girdle</term><term>Pellet</term><term>Peristaltic</term><term>Peristaltic type</term><term>Pharyngeal</term><term>Pharyngeal bones</term><term>Pharyngeal jaws</term><term>Pharyngeal mastication</term><term>Pharyngeal masticatory apparatus</term><term>Pharyngeal roof</term><term>Pharyngeal teeth</term><term>Pharynx</term><term>Plate iiia</term><term>Plate iiid</term><term>Plate viii</term><term>Posterior parts</term><term>Posterior pharynx</term><term>Postlingual</term><term>Postlingual activity</term><term>Postlingual organ</term><term>Postlingual organs</term><term>Power stroke</term><term>Predaceous fish</term><term>Pressure wave</term><term>Prey</term><term>Protrusion</term><term>Protrusion movements</term><term>Pyloric sphincter</term><term>Quantitative study</term><term>Radiopaque</term><term>Radiopaque pellets</term><term>Refined selection</term><term>Repetitive</term><term>Repositioning</term><term>Results show</term><term>Results subdivisions</term><term>Rostra1 hood</term><term>Rostrad flow</term><term>Same experiment</term><term>Same time</term><term>Sand grains</term><term>Selective retention</term><term>Sequence regulation</term><term>Sibbing</term><term>Sibbing uribe</term><term>Sieve</term><term>Single pattern</term><term>Skull</term><term>Slit</term><term>Slow flow</term><term>Small particles</term><term>Small volumes</term><term>Standard body length</term><term>Standard length</term><term>Stereotyped action patterns</term><term>Stippled image</term><term>Substratum</term><term>Suction</term><term>Suction flow</term><term>Taste buds</term><term>Teleost</term><term>Terminal mouth</term><term>Transport proceeds</term><term>Transport system</term><term>Tubificids</term><term>Unique characters</term><term>Upper jaws</term><term>Uribe</term><term>Usable food</term><term>Valve</term><term>Vegetable matter</term><term>Ventral view</term><term>Volume changes</term><term>Waste particles</term><term>Water velocity</term><term>Werner hall</term><term>Wunder</term><term>Zool</term><term>Zooplankton</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Abduction</term><term>Abundant supply</term><term>Academic press</term><term>Activity pattern</term><term>Alternative patterns</term><term>Animal prey</term><term>Anterior</term><term>Anterior palatal activity</term><term>Anterior palatal organ</term><term>Anterior pharynx</term><term>Approximate timing</term><term>Aquatic ecosystem</term><term>Available food types</term><term>Axial muscles</term><term>Ballintijn</term><term>Behavioural adjustments</term><term>Benthic</term><term>Benthic diatoms</term><term>Benthic invertebrates</term><term>Biol</term><term>Body axis</term><term>Body length</term><term>Body lengths</term><term>Bottom inspection</term><term>Bottom material</term><term>Bottom substratum</term><term>Branchial</term><term>Branchial arches</term><term>Branchial sieve</term><term>Branchial slits</term><term>Buccal</term><term>Buccal cavity</term><term>Buccal compression</term><term>Buccal expansion</term><term>Buccal floor</term><term>Carpio</term><term>Cavity</term><term>Cichlid fishes</term><term>Cladoceran suspension</term><term>Cladoceran suspensions</term><term>Clear distinction</term><term>Closure</term><term>Comparative study</term><term>Component parts</term><term>Compressive phase</term><term>Constructional morphology</term><term>Core pattern</term><term>Crucial importance</term><term>Cyprinid</term><term>Cyprinus</term><term>Cyprinus carpio</term><term>Deep body shape</term><term>Deglutition</term><term>Depression buccal floor</term><term>Different food types</term><term>Different levels</term><term>Different mechanisms</term><term>Different parts</term><term>Different patterns</term><term>Different types</term><term>Distinct elements</term><term>Distinct movement patterns</term><term>Earthworm</term><term>Effective comminution</term><term>Effective digestion</term><term>Electromyographic study</term><term>Electromyography</term><term>Energy gain</term><term>Epaxial body muscles</term><term>Extensive expansion</term><term>Extensive protrusion</term><term>External views</term><term>Fibrous content</term><term>Figs table</term><term>Fine food particles</term><term>First branchial slit</term><term>Fish biol</term><term>Fish physiology</term><term>Fleshy prey</term><term>Food exploitation</term><term>Food handling</term><term>Food intake</term><term>Food items</term><term>Food movement</term><term>Food particles</term><term>Food processing</term><term>Food processing sequences</term><term>Food sources</term><term>Food transport</term><term>Food types</term><term>Frame numbers</term><term>Frontal skull</term><term>Functional morphology</term><term>Further discussion</term><term>Further explanation</term><term>Further processing</term><term>Gill</term><term>Gill arches</term><term>Gill filaments</term><term>Gill rakers</term><term>Gill resistance</term><term>Ground food</term><term>Gustation</term><term>Handling time</term><term>Handling times</term><term>Head movements</term><term>Head parts</term><term>High demands</term><term>High forces</term><term>Inertial suction</term><term>Intake</term><term>Intermittent transport</term><term>Internal factors</term><term>Internal food processing</term><term>Internal path</term><term>Internal processing</term><term>Internal selection</term><term>Intestinal bulb</term><term>Large contact area</term><term>Large food</term><term>Large forces</term><term>Large particles</term><term>Large pellet</term><term>Large prey</term><term>Late protrusion</term><term>Lateral</term><term>Lateral parts</term><term>Lauder</term><term>Leeuwen</term><term>Leeuwen muller</term><term>Levator</term><term>Levator operculi</term><term>Levator operculi muscle</term><term>Liem</term><term>Limited ability</term><term>Line image</term><term>Lond</term><term>Long periods</term><term>Long prey</term><term>Macrophytes</term><term>Mastication</term><term>Masticatory</term><term>Masticatory apparatus</term><term>Masticatory cycles</term><term>Masticatory muscles</term><term>Maximal diameter</term><term>Medial area</term><term>Mere repositioning</term><term>Minor role</term><term>Modulatory multiplicity</term><term>Momentary adjustment</term><term>Mouth closure</term><term>Mouth opening</term><term>Movement graphs</term><term>Movement pattern</term><term>Movement patterns</term><term>Muller osse</term><term>Muscle fibres</term><term>Muscular palatal</term><term>Narrow pharyngeal cavity</term><term>Natural situation</term><term>Niche separation</term><term>Oesophagus</term><term>Open opercular slits</term><term>Open water</term><term>Opercular</term><term>Opercular abduction</term><term>Opercular cavities</term><term>Opercular expansion</term><term>Opercular slits</term><term>Opercular valves</term><term>Operculi</term><term>Operculum</term><term>Oral cavity</term><term>Oral compression</term><term>Oral depression</term><term>Oral floor</term><term>Oral jaws</term><term>Oral teeth</term><term>Organic waste</term><term>Orobranchial</term><term>Orobranchial cavity</term><term>Orobuccal</term><term>Orobuccal cavity</term><term>Orobuccal expansion</term><term>Oropharyngeal cavity</term><term>Osse</term><term>Other scenes</term><term>Overall expansion</term><term>Palatal</term><term>Palatal activity</term><term>Palatal organ</term><term>Particle</term><term>Particular sequence</term><term>Particulate</term><term>Particulate intake</term><term>Pectoral</term><term>Pectoral girdle</term><term>Pellet</term><term>Peristaltic</term><term>Peristaltic type</term><term>Pharyngeal</term><term>Pharyngeal bones</term><term>Pharyngeal jaws</term><term>Pharyngeal mastication</term><term>Pharyngeal masticatory apparatus</term><term>Pharyngeal roof</term><term>Pharyngeal teeth</term><term>Pharynx</term><term>Plate iiia</term><term>Plate iiid</term><term>Plate viii</term><term>Posterior parts</term><term>Posterior pharynx</term><term>Postlingual</term><term>Postlingual activity</term><term>Postlingual organ</term><term>Postlingual organs</term><term>Power stroke</term><term>Predaceous fish</term><term>Pressure wave</term><term>Prey</term><term>Protrusion</term><term>Protrusion movements</term><term>Pyloric sphincter</term><term>Quantitative study</term><term>Radiopaque</term><term>Radiopaque pellets</term><term>Refined selection</term><term>Repetitive</term><term>Repositioning</term><term>Results show</term><term>Results subdivisions</term><term>Rostra1 hood</term><term>Rostrad flow</term><term>Same experiment</term><term>Same time</term><term>Sand grains</term><term>Selective retention</term><term>Sequence regulation</term><term>Sibbing</term><term>Sibbing uribe</term><term>Sieve</term><term>Single pattern</term><term>Skull</term><term>Slit</term><term>Slow flow</term><term>Small particles</term><term>Small volumes</term><term>Standard body length</term><term>Standard length</term><term>Stereotyped action patterns</term><term>Stippled image</term><term>Substratum</term><term>Suction</term><term>Suction flow</term><term>Taste buds</term><term>Teleost</term><term>Terminal mouth</term><term>Transport proceeds</term><term>Transport system</term><term>Tubificids</term><term>Unique characters</term><term>Upper jaws</term><term>Uribe</term><term>Usable food</term><term>Valve</term><term>Vegetable matter</term><term>Ventral view</term><term>Volume changes</term><term>Waste particles</term><term>Water velocity</term><term>Werner hall</term><term>Wunder</term><term>Zool</term><term>Zooplankton</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The oropharyngeal feeding mechanism of the carp was analysed as a case study for cyprinids. Light and X‐ray cinematography combined with electromyography allowed a detailed analysis of the external and internal events during processing of the following food types: radtopaque pellets, earthworms, barley, tubificids, cladoceran suspensions and food‐soil mixtures. Ten patterns of head movements serve 12 feeding actions: paniculate feeding and gulping for intake; rinsing, repositioning, selective retention and spitting for selection; gathering from the branchial sieve, transport, loading of the teeth, crushing, grinding and deglutition. Muscular cushions in the pharyngeal roof (palatal organ) and floor (postlingual organ) permit postcapture selection between food and non‐food and transport. Protrusion of the upper jaw is crucial in food processing and serves different aims in particulate intake, gulping and internal selection. The mechanism of each single pattern and its effects in manipulating the flow and particles is discussed. Restrictions for processing different types of food are formulated. Tentative limits are set to the feeding on the available food types in the environment. The feeding apparatus appears to be unsuitable for exploiting very small particles (< 250 μm), plant and other materials of fibrous content. Only slow and immobile food particles with a diameter up to c. 4% of the carp's body length are effectively processed. The carp appears to be a generalist in its diet, with specializations for the exploitation of food and non‐food mixtures from the bottom, even if the contained food is of considerable density and hardness. The distinct elements of feeding behaviour are considered to be stereotyped action patterns. They are released and steered according to the actual size, distribution, consistency and contamination of the food and integrated into varied probing and feeding sequences. Different food types require different movement patterns and ‘handling times’. Protrusion with closed mouth appears to be a core pattern in food handling as it is basic to several feeding actions (repositioning and back‐washing during purification; gathering of retained food from the branchial sieve). Protrusion and the palatal and postlingual organs in this lower teleost are basic to the substrate feeding habits of many cyprinoids and are discussed in relation to (i) the hypertrophy of the pharyngeal masticatory apparatus, (ii) the recruitment of body power for mastication, and (iii) the evolutionary loss of toothed upper pharyngeal transporting bones. A scheme connects the unique character set of cypriniform fish to the origin and evolution of their feeding mechanism. The cooperation between functional morphology, ethology and ecology for the study of niche separation between species is emphasized.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>palatal</json:string><json:string>pharyngeal</json:string><json:string>mastication</json:string><json:string>branchial</json:string><json:string>protrusion</json:string><json:string>opercular</json:string><json:string>sibbing</json:string><json:string>pharynx</json:string><json:string>postlingual</json:string><json:string>buccal</json:string><json:string>cyprinid</json:string><json:string>branchial sieve</json:string><json:string>orobuccal</json:string><json:string>pellet</json:string><json:string>deglutition</json:string><json:string>palatal organ</json:string><json:string>food handling</json:string><json:string>repositioning</json:string><json:string>masticatory</json:string><json:string>postlingual organs</json:string><json:string>anterior 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length</json:string><json:string>aquatic ecosystem</json:string><json:string>distinct movement patterns</json:string><json:string>first branchial slit</json:string><json:string>gill filaments</json:string><json:string>gill resistance</json:string><json:string>body axis</json:string><json:string>masticatory cycles</json:string><json:string>maximal diameter</json:string><json:string>standard body length</json:string><json:string>oral teeth</json:string><json:string>body lengths</json:string><json:string>head parts</json:string><json:string>sand grains</json:string><json:string>internal food processing</json:string><json:string>fine food particles</json:string><json:string>large food</json:string><json:string>mere repositioning</json:string><json:string>waste particles</json:string><json:string>compressive phase</json:string><json:string>crucial importance</json:string><json:string>food exploitation</json:string><json:string>benthic diatoms</json:string><json:string>food 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regulation</json:string><json:string>distinct elements</json:string><json:string>masticatory muscles</json:string><json:string>body length</json:string><json:string>unique characters</json:string><json:string>oral jaws</json:string><json:string>large forces</json:string><json:string>large contact area</json:string><json:string>constructional morphology</json:string><json:string>axial muscles</json:string><json:string>quantitative study</json:string><json:string>small particles</json:string><json:string>available food types</json:string><json:string>head movements</json:string><json:string>cladoceran suspensions</json:string><json:string>radiopaque pellets</json:string><json:string>comparative study</json:string><json:string>fish biol</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>F. A. Sibbing</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. W. M. Osse</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Terlouw</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>JZO161</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-TJVZNNKW-D</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The oropharyngeal feeding mechanism of the carp was analysed as a case study for cyprinids. Light and X‐ray cinematography combined with electromyography allowed a detailed analysis of the external and internal events during processing of the following food types: radtopaque pellets, earthworms, barley, tubificids, cladoceran suspensions and food‐soil mixtures. Ten patterns of head movements serve 12 feeding actions: paniculate feeding and gulping for intake; rinsing, repositioning, selective retention and spitting for selection; gathering from the branchial sieve, transport, loading of the teeth, crushing, grinding and deglutition. Muscular cushions in the pharyngeal roof (palatal organ) and floor (postlingual organ) permit postcapture selection between food and non‐food and transport. Protrusion of the upper jaw is crucial in food processing and serves different aims in particulate intake, gulping and internal selection. The mechanism of each single pattern and its effects in manipulating the flow and particles is discussed. Restrictions for processing different types of food are formulated. Tentative limits are set to the feeding on the available food types in the environment. The feeding apparatus appears to be unsuitable for exploiting very small particles (> 250 μm), plant and other materials of fibrous content. Only slow and immobile food particles with a diameter up to c. 4% of the carp's body length are effectively processed. The carp appears to be a generalist in its diet, with specializations for the exploitation of food and non‐food mixtures from the bottom, even if the contained food is of considerable density and hardness. The distinct elements of feeding behaviour are considered to be stereotyped action patterns. They are released and steered according to the actual size, distribution, consistency and contamination of the food and integrated into varied probing and feeding sequences. Different food types require different movement patterns and ‘handling times’. Protrusion with closed mouth appears to be a core pattern in food handling as it is basic to several feeding actions (repositioning and back‐washing during purification; gathering of retained food from the branchial sieve). Protrusion and the palatal and postlingual organs in this lower teleost are basic to the substrate feeding habits of many cyprinoids and are discussed in relation to (i) the hypertrophy of the pharyngeal masticatory apparatus, (ii) the recruitment of body power for mastication, and (iii) the evolutionary loss of toothed upper pharyngeal transporting bones. A scheme connects the unique character set of cypriniform fish to the origin and evolution of their feeding mechanism. The cooperation between functional morphology, ethology and ecology for the study of niche separation between species is emphasized.</abstract><qualityIndicators><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>419</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>2845</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><score>10</score><pdfWordCount>16935</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>99458</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>43</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>522 x 702 pts</pdfPageSize></qualityIndicators><title>Food handling in the carp (Cyprinus carpio): its movement patterns, mechanisms and limitations</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Journal of Zoology</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1469-7998</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>0952-8369</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1469-7998</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>JZO</json:string></publisherId><volume>210</volume><issue>2</issue><pages><first>161</first><last>203</last><total>43</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>1986</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName></persName><placeName></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-TJVZNNKW-D</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - zoology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - natural sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - biology</json:string><json:string>3 - zoology</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Agricultural and Biological Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Animal Science and Zoology</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Agricultural and Biological Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. psychologie</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>1986</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1986</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03629.x</json:string></doi><id>866C2F0C9D117FE933BD601F571CF9A6481A0388</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/866C2F0C9D117FE933BD601F571CF9A6481A0388/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/866C2F0C9D117FE933BD601F571CF9A6481A0388/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/866C2F0C9D117FE933BD601F571CF9A6481A0388/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Food handling in the carp (<hi rend="italic">Cyprinus carpio</hi>): its movement patterns, mechanisms and limitations</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><licence>1986 The Zoological Society of London</licence></availability><date type="published" when="1986-10"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Food handling in the carp (<hi rend="italic">Cyprinus carpio</hi>): its movement patterns, mechanisms and limitations</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">F. A.</forename><surname>Sibbing</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands<address><country key="NL"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">J. W. M.</forename><surname>Osse</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands<address><country key="NL"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Terlouw</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands<address><country key="NL"></country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">866C2F0C9D117FE933BD601F571CF9A6481A0388</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-TJVZNNKW-D</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03629.x</idno><idno type="unit">JZO161</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:JZO.JZO161.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Zoology</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY</title><idno type="pISSN">0952-8369</idno><idno type="eISSN">1469-7998</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1469-7998</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/jzo.1986.210.issue-2</idno><idno type="product">JZO</idno><idno type="publisherDivision">ST</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">210</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="161">161</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="203">203</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">43</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1986-10"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><p>The oropharyngeal feeding mechanism of the carp was analysed as a case study for cyprinids. Light and X‐ray cinematography combined with electromyography allowed a detailed analysis of the external and internal events during processing of the following food types: radtopaque pellets, earthworms, barley, tubificids, cladoceran suspensions and food‐soil mixtures. Ten patterns of head movements serve 12 feeding actions: paniculate feeding and gulping for intake; rinsing, repositioning, selective retention and spitting for selection; gathering from the branchial sieve, transport, loading of the teeth, crushing, grinding and deglutition. Muscular cushions in the pharyngeal roof (palatal organ) and floor (postlingual organ) permit postcapture selection between food and non‐food and transport. Protrusion of the upper jaw is crucial in food processing and serves different aims in particulate intake, gulping and internal selection.</p><p>The mechanism of each single pattern and its effects in manipulating the flow and particles is discussed. Restrictions for processing different types of food are formulated. Tentative limits are set to the feeding on the available food types in the environment. The feeding apparatus appears to be unsuitable for exploiting very small particles (< 250 μm), plant and other materials of fibrous content. Only slow and immobile food particles with a diameter up to <hi rend="italic">c.</hi> 4% of the carp's body length are effectively processed. The carp appears to be a generalist in its diet, with specializations for the exploitation of food and non‐food mixtures from the bottom, even if the contained food is of considerable density and hardness.</p><p>The distinct elements of feeding behaviour are considered to be stereotyped action patterns. They are released and steered according to the actual size, distribution, consistency and contamination of the food and integrated into varied probing and feeding sequences. Different food types require different movement patterns and ‘handling times’. Protrusion with closed mouth appears to be a core pattern in food handling as it is basic to several feeding actions (repositioning and back‐washing during purification; gathering of retained food from the branchial sieve).</p><p>Protrusion and the palatal and postlingual organs in this lower teleost are basic to the substrate feeding habits of many cyprinoids and are discussed in relation to (i) the hypertrophy of the pharyngeal masticatory apparatus, (ii) the recruitment of body power for mastication, and (iii) the evolutionary loss of toothed upper pharyngeal transporting bones. A scheme connects the unique character set of cypriniform fish to the origin and evolution of their feeding mechanism.</p><p>The cooperation between functional morphology, ethology and ecology for the study of niche separation between species is emphasized.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Original Article</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/866C2F0C9D117FE933BD601F571CF9A6481A0388/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1469-7998</doi><issn type="print">0952-8369</issn><issn type="electronic">1469-7998</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JZO"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY">Journal of Zoology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="10002"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/jzo.1986.210.issue-2</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="210">210</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="2">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="1986-10">October 1986</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="0016100" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03629.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JZO161"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="43"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original Article</title></titleGroup><copyright>1986 The Zoological Society of London</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-08-20"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2009-08-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-02-28"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-01"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-31"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="161">161</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="203">203</numbering></numberingGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JZO.JZO161.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Accepted 19 November 1985</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="referenceTotal" number="61"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="3"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Food handling in the carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>): its movement patterns, mechanisms and limitations</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>F. A.</givenNames><familyName>Sibbing</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>J. W. M.</givenNames><familyName>Osse</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>A.</givenNames><familyName>Terlouw</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="NL"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p>The oropharyngeal feeding mechanism of the carp was analysed as a case study for cyprinids. Light and X‐ray cinematography combined with electromyography allowed a detailed analysis of the external and internal events during processing of the following food types: radtopaque pellets, earthworms, barley, tubificids, cladoceran suspensions and food‐soil mixtures. Ten patterns of head movements serve 12 feeding actions: paniculate feeding and gulping for intake; rinsing, repositioning, selective retention and spitting for selection; gathering from the branchial sieve, transport, loading of the teeth, crushing, grinding and deglutition. Muscular cushions in the pharyngeal roof (palatal organ) and floor (postlingual organ) permit postcapture selection between food and non‐food and transport. Protrusion of the upper jaw is crucial in food processing and serves different aims in particulate intake, gulping and internal selection.</p><p>The mechanism of each single pattern and its effects in manipulating the flow and particles is discussed. Restrictions for processing different types of food are formulated. Tentative limits are set to the feeding on the available food types in the environment. The feeding apparatus appears to be unsuitable for exploiting very small particles (< 250 μm), plant and other materials of fibrous content. Only slow and immobile food particles with a diameter up to <i>c.</i> 4% of the carp's body length are effectively processed. The carp appears to be a generalist in its diet, with specializations for the exploitation of food and non‐food mixtures from the bottom, even if the contained food is of considerable density and hardness.</p><p>The distinct elements of feeding behaviour are considered to be stereotyped action patterns. They are released and steered according to the actual size, distribution, consistency and contamination of the food and integrated into varied probing and feeding sequences. Different food types require different movement patterns and ‘handling times’. Protrusion with closed mouth appears to be a core pattern in food handling as it is basic to several feeding actions (repositioning and back‐washing during purification; gathering of retained food from the branchial sieve).</p><p>Protrusion and the palatal and postlingual organs in this lower teleost are basic to the substrate feeding habits of many cyprinoids and are discussed in relation to (i) the hypertrophy of the pharyngeal masticatory apparatus, (ii) the recruitment of body power for mastication, and (iii) the evolutionary loss of toothed upper pharyngeal transporting bones. A scheme connects the unique character set of cypriniform fish to the origin and evolution of their feeding mechanism.</p><p>The cooperation between functional morphology, ethology and ecology for the study of niche separation between species is emphasized.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Food handling in the carp (Cyprinus carpio): its movement patterns, mechanisms and limitations</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Food handling in the carp (Cyprinus carpio): its movement patterns, mechanisms and limitations</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sibbing</namePart><affiliation>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. W. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Osse</namePart><affiliation>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Terlouw</namePart><affiliation>Department of Experimental Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1986-10</dateIssued><edition>Accepted 19 November 1985</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1986</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="references">61</extent><extent unit="linksCrossRef">3</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The oropharyngeal feeding mechanism of the carp was analysed as a case study for cyprinids. Light and X‐ray cinematography combined with electromyography allowed a detailed analysis of the external and internal events during processing of the following food types: radtopaque pellets, earthworms, barley, tubificids, cladoceran suspensions and food‐soil mixtures. Ten patterns of head movements serve 12 feeding actions: paniculate feeding and gulping for intake; rinsing, repositioning, selective retention and spitting for selection; gathering from the branchial sieve, transport, loading of the teeth, crushing, grinding and deglutition. Muscular cushions in the pharyngeal roof (palatal organ) and floor (postlingual organ) permit postcapture selection between food and non‐food and transport. Protrusion of the upper jaw is crucial in food processing and serves different aims in particulate intake, gulping and internal selection. The mechanism of each single pattern and its effects in manipulating the flow and particles is discussed. Restrictions for processing different types of food are formulated. Tentative limits are set to the feeding on the available food types in the environment. The feeding apparatus appears to be unsuitable for exploiting very small particles (< 250 μm), plant and other materials of fibrous content. Only slow and immobile food particles with a diameter up to c. 4% of the carp's body length are effectively processed. The carp appears to be a generalist in its diet, with specializations for the exploitation of food and non‐food mixtures from the bottom, even if the contained food is of considerable density and hardness. The distinct elements of feeding behaviour are considered to be stereotyped action patterns. They are released and steered according to the actual size, distribution, consistency and contamination of the food and integrated into varied probing and feeding sequences. Different food types require different movement patterns and ‘handling times’. Protrusion with closed mouth appears to be a core pattern in food handling as it is basic to several feeding actions (repositioning and back‐washing during purification; gathering of retained food from the branchial sieve). Protrusion and the palatal and postlingual organs in this lower teleost are basic to the substrate feeding habits of many cyprinoids and are discussed in relation to (i) the hypertrophy of the pharyngeal masticatory apparatus, (ii) the recruitment of body power for mastication, and (iii) the evolutionary loss of toothed upper pharyngeal transporting bones. A scheme connects the unique character set of cypriniform fish to the origin and evolution of their feeding mechanism. The cooperation between functional morphology, ethology and ecology for the study of niche separation between species is emphasized.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Zoology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0952-8369</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1469-7998</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1469-7998</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JZO</identifier><part><date>1986</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>210</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>161</start><end>203</end><total>43</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">866C2F0C9D117FE933BD601F571CF9A6481A0388</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-TJVZNNKW-D</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb03629.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JZO161</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">1986 The Zoological Society of London</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/866C2F0C9D117FE933BD601F571CF9A6481A0388/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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