Two‐Year Outcome with Nobel Direct® Implants: A Retrospective Radiographic and Microbiologic Study in 10 Patients
Identifieur interne : 003F88 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 003F87; suivant : 003F89Two‐Year Outcome with Nobel Direct® Implants: A Retrospective Radiographic and Microbiologic Study in 10 Patients
Auteurs : Tommie Van De Velde ; Eric Thevissen ; G. Rutger Persson ; Carina Johansson ; Hugo De BruynSource :
- Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research [ 1523-0899 ] ; 2009-09.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Albrektsson, Apless, Bone loss, Checkerboard, Clin, Clinical implant dentistry, Dental implants, Dentistry, Implant, Implant contact, Implant failures, Implant level, Implant surface, Implant system, Implant systems, Marginal bone, Marginal bone level, Maxillofac, Nobel, Nobel biocare, Oral implantology, Oral maxillofac implants, Osseointegrated implants, Periodontology, Present study, Prevotella, Prospective study, Prosthet dent, Radiograph, Radiographic, Radiographic evaluation, Resorption, Soft tissue integration, Streptococcus, Success criteria, Wilcoxon test.
- Teeft :
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Albrektsson, Apless, Bone loss, Checkerboard, Clin, Clinical implant dentistry, Dental implants, Dentistry, Implant, Implant contact, Implant failures, Implant level, Implant surface, Implant system, Implant systems, Marginal bone, Marginal bone level, Maxillofac, Nobel, Nobel biocare, Oral implantology, Oral maxillofac implants, Osseointegrated implants, Periodontology, Present study, Prevotella, Prospective study, Prosthet dent, Radiograph, Radiographic, Radiographic evaluation, Resorption, Soft tissue integration, Streptococcus, Success criteria, Wilcoxon test.
Abstract
Introduction: The Nobel Direct® implant (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) was developed to minimize marginal bone resorption and to result in “soft tissue integration” for an optimized aesthetic outcome. However, conflicting results have been presented in the literature. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic outcomes of Nobel Direct implants.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2008.00112.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:80810D71D020DC67D32B4D0F4EE8109E46AA37BELe document en format XML
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Rutger Persson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, and the University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Carina" sort="Johansson, Carina" uniqKey="Johansson C" first="Carina" last="Johansson">Carina Johansson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>professor, Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bruyn, Hugo" sort="De Bruyn, Hugo" uniqKey="De Bruyn H" first="Hugo" last="De Bruyn">Hugo De Bruyn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>associate professor Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: hugo.debruyn@Ugent.be</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:80810D71D020DC67D32B4D0F4EE8109E46AA37BE</idno><date when="2009" year="2009">2009</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1708-8208.2008.00112.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/80810D71D020DC67D32B4D0F4EE8109E46AA37BE/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">003F88</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">003F88</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Two‐Year Outcome with Nobel Direct® Implants: A Retrospective Radiographic and Microbiologic Study in 10 Patients</title><author><name sortKey="Van De Velde, Tommie" sort="Van De Velde, Tommie" uniqKey="Van De Velde T" first="Tommie" last="Van De Velde">Tommie Van De Velde</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thevissen, Eric" sort="Thevissen, Eric" uniqKey="Thevissen E" first="Eric" last="Thevissen">Eric Thevissen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Persson, G Rutger" sort="Persson, G Rutger" uniqKey="Persson G" first="G. 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Rutger Persson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, and the University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johansson, Carina" sort="Johansson, Carina" uniqKey="Johansson C" first="Carina" last="Johansson">Carina Johansson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>professor, Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden;</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Bruyn, Hugo" sort="De Bruyn, Hugo" uniqKey="De Bruyn H" first="Hugo" last="De Bruyn">Hugo De Bruyn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>associate professor Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: hugo.debruyn@Ugent.be</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research</title><title level="j" type="alt">CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY RELATED RESEARCH</title><idno type="ISSN">1523-0899</idno><idno type="eISSN">1708-8208</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="183">183</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="193">193</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">11</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-09">2009-09</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1523-0899</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1523-0899</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</term><term>Albrektsson</term><term>Apless</term><term>Bone loss</term><term>Checkerboard</term><term>Clin</term><term>Clinical implant dentistry</term><term>Dental implants</term><term>Dentistry</term><term>Implant</term><term>Implant contact</term><term>Implant failures</term><term>Implant level</term><term>Implant surface</term><term>Implant system</term><term>Implant systems</term><term>Marginal bone</term><term>Marginal bone level</term><term>Maxillofac</term><term>Nobel</term><term>Nobel biocare</term><term>Oral implantology</term><term>Oral maxillofac implants</term><term>Osseointegrated implants</term><term>Periodontology</term><term>Present study</term><term>Prevotella</term><term>Prospective study</term><term>Prosthet dent</term><term>Radiograph</term><term>Radiographic</term><term>Radiographic evaluation</term><term>Resorption</term><term>Soft tissue integration</term><term>Streptococcus</term><term>Success criteria</term><term>Wilcoxon test</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</term><term>Albrektsson</term><term>Apless</term><term>Bone loss</term><term>Checkerboard</term><term>Clin</term><term>Clinical implant dentistry</term><term>Dental implants</term><term>Dentistry</term><term>Implant</term><term>Implant contact</term><term>Implant failures</term><term>Implant level</term><term>Implant surface</term><term>Implant system</term><term>Implant systems</term><term>Marginal bone</term><term>Marginal bone level</term><term>Maxillofac</term><term>Nobel</term><term>Nobel biocare</term><term>Oral implantology</term><term>Oral maxillofac implants</term><term>Osseointegrated implants</term><term>Periodontology</term><term>Present study</term><term>Prevotella</term><term>Prospective study</term><term>Prosthet dent</term><term>Radiograph</term><term>Radiographic</term><term>Radiographic evaluation</term><term>Resorption</term><term>Soft tissue integration</term><term>Streptococcus</term><term>Success criteria</term><term>Wilcoxon test</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Introduction: The Nobel Direct® implant (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) was developed to minimize marginal bone resorption and to result in “soft tissue integration” for an optimized aesthetic outcome. 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University of Ghent, Belgium;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Rutger Persson DDS, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, and the University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Carina Johansson MSc, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>professor, Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden;</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hugo De Bruyn DDS, MSc, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</json:string><json:string>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</json:string><json:string>associate professor Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden</json:string><json:string>E-mail: hugo.debruyn@Ugent.be</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>bone remodeling</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>dental implants</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>implant failures</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>one‐piece implant</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>one‐stage surgery</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>CID112</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-4XZDVWP2-X</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Introduction: The Nobel Direct® implant (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) was developed to minimize marginal bone resorption and to result in “soft tissue integration” for an optimized aesthetic outcome. However, conflicting results have been presented in the literature. 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Journal Compilation © 2008, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2009-09"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Two‐Year Outcome with Nobel Direct® Implants: A Retrospective Radiographic and Microbiologic Study in 10 Patients</title><title level="a" type="short">Two‐Year Outcome with Nobel Direct® Implants</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Tommie</forename><surname>Van de Velde</surname><roleName type="degree">LA, DDS, MSc</roleName></persName><affiliation>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;<address><country key="BE"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Eric</forename><surname>Thevissen</surname><roleName type="degree">DDS</roleName></persName><affiliation>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;<address><country key="BE"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">G. Rutger</forename><surname>Persson</surname><roleName type="degree">DDS, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, and the University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA;<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Carina</forename><surname>Johansson</surname><roleName type="degree">MSc, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation>professor, Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden;<address><country key="SE"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Hugo</forename><surname>De Bruyn</surname><roleName type="degree">DDS, MSc, PhD</roleName></persName><affiliation>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;<address><country key="BE"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;<address><country key="BE"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>associate professor Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden<address><country key="SE"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Professor Hugo De Bruyn, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, University Hospital Ghent – P8, De Pintelaan 185, B‐9000 Ghent, Belgium; e‐mail: hugo.debruyn@Ugent.be</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">80810D71D020DC67D32B4D0F4EE8109E46AA37BE</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-4XZDVWP2-X</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1708-8208.2008.00112.x</idno><idno type="unit">CID112</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:CID.CID112.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research</title><title level="j" type="alt">CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY RELATED RESEARCH</title><idno type="pISSN">1523-0899</idno><idno type="eISSN">1708-8208</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1708-8208</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/cid.2009.11.issue-3</idno><idno type="product">CID</idno><idno type="publisherDivision">ST</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="183">183</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="193">193</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">11</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-09"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>ABSTRACT</head><p><hi rend="bold">Introduction:</hi> The Nobel Direct® implant (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) was developed to minimize marginal bone resorption and to result in “soft tissue integration” for an optimized aesthetic outcome. However, conflicting results have been presented in the literature. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic outcomes of Nobel Direct implants.</p><p><hi rend="bold">Materials and Methods:</hi> Ten partially edentulous subjects without evidence of active periodontitis (mean age 55 years) received 12 Nobel Direct implants. Implants were loaded with single crowns after a healing period of 3 to 6 months. Treatment outcomes were assessed at month 24. Routine clinical assessments, intraoral radiographs, and microbiologic samplings were made. Histologic analysis of one failing implant and chemical spectroscopy around three unused implants was performed. Paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used for the evaluation of bone loss; otherwise, descriptive analysis was performed.</p><p><hi rend="bold">Results:</hi> Implants were functionally loaded after 3 to 6 months. At 2 years, the mean bone loss of remaining implants was 2.0 mm (SD ± 1.1 mm; range: 0.0–3.4 mm). Three out of 12 implants with an early mean bone loss >3 mm were lost. The surviving implants showed increasing bone loss between 6 and 24 months (<hi rend="italic">p</hi> = .028). Only 3 out of the 12 implants were considered successful and showed bone loss of <1.7 mm after 2 years. High rates of pathogens, including <hi rend="italic">Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</hi>, <hi rend="italic">Fusobacterium</hi> spp., <hi rend="italic">Porphyromonas gingivalis</hi>, <hi rend="italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</hi>, and <hi rend="italic">Tanerella forsythia</hi>, were found. Chemical spectroscopy revealed, despite the normal signals from Ti, O, and C, also peaks of P, F, S, N, and Ca. A normal histologic image of osseointegration was observed in the apical part of the retrieved implant.</p><p><hi rend="bold">Conclusion:</hi> Radiographic evidence and 25% implant failures are indications of a low success rate. High counts and prevalence of significant pathogens were found at surviving implants. Although extensive bone loss had occurred in the coronal part, the apical portion of the implant showed some bone to implant integration.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="k1">bone remodeling</term><term xml:id="k2">dental implants</term><term xml:id="k3">implant failures</term><term xml:id="k4">one‐piece implant</term><term xml:id="k5">one‐stage surgery</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>ARTICLES</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/80810D71D020DC67D32B4D0F4EE8109E46AA37BE/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1708-8208</doi><issn type="print">1523-0899</issn><issn type="electronic">1708-8208</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="CID"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="CLINICAL IMPLANT DENTISTRY RELATED RESEARCH">Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="09003"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/cid.2009.11.issue-3</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="11">11</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="3">3</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2009-09">September 2009</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="3" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1708-8208.2008.00112.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="CID112"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="11"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">ARTICLES</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2008, Copyright the Authors. Journal Compilation © 2008, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2008-09-09"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2009-08-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.4 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-30"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-15"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-16"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="183">183</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="193">193</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Professor Hugo De Bruyn, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, University Hospital Ghent – P8, De Pintelaan 185, B‐9000 Ghent, Belgium; e‐mail: <email>hugo.debruyn@Ugent.be</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:CID.CID112.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="4"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="6"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="34"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="5904"></count><count type="linksPubMed" number="0"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="0"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Two‐Year Outcome with Nobel Direct® Implants: A Retrospective Radiographic and Microbiologic Study in 10 Patients</title><title type="shortAuthors">Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, Volume *, Number *, 2008</title><title type="short">Two‐Year Outcome with Nobel Direct® Implants</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Tommie</givenNames><familyName>Van de Velde</familyName><degrees>LA, DDS, MSc</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Eric</givenNames><familyName>Thevissen</familyName><degrees>DDS</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>G. Rutger</givenNames><familyName>Persson</familyName><degrees>DDS, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Carina</givenNames><familyName>Johansson</familyName><degrees>MSc, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1 #a4 #a5" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Hugo</givenNames><familyName>De Bruyn</familyName><degrees>DDS, MSc, PhD</degrees></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="BE"><unparsedAffiliation>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, and the University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA;</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="SE"><unparsedAffiliation>professor, Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden;</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="BE"><unparsedAffiliation>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="SE"><unparsedAffiliation>associate professor Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">bone remodeling</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">dental implants</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">implant failures</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">one‐piece implant</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">one‐stage surgery</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">ABSTRACT</title><p><b>Introduction:</b> The Nobel Direct® implant (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) was developed to minimize marginal bone resorption and to result in “soft tissue integration” for an optimized aesthetic outcome. However, conflicting results have been presented in the literature. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic outcomes of Nobel Direct implants.</p><p><b>Materials and Methods:</b> Ten partially edentulous subjects without evidence of active periodontitis (mean age 55 years) received 12 Nobel Direct implants. Implants were loaded with single crowns after a healing period of 3 to 6 months. Treatment outcomes were assessed at month 24. Routine clinical assessments, intraoral radiographs, and microbiologic samplings were made. Histologic analysis of one failing implant and chemical spectroscopy around three unused implants was performed. Paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used for the evaluation of bone loss; otherwise, descriptive analysis was performed.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Implants were functionally loaded after 3 to 6 months. At 2 years, the mean bone loss of remaining implants was 2.0 mm (SD ± 1.1 mm; range: 0.0–3.4 mm). Three out of 12 implants with an early mean bone loss >3 mm were lost. The surviving implants showed increasing bone loss between 6 and 24 months (<i>p</i> = .028). Only 3 out of the 12 implants were considered successful and showed bone loss of <1.7 mm after 2 years. High rates of pathogens, including <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>, <i>Fusobacterium</i> spp., <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Tanerella forsythia</i>, were found. Chemical spectroscopy revealed, despite the normal signals from Ti, O, and C, also peaks of P, F, S, N, and Ca. A normal histologic image of osseointegration was observed in the apical part of the retrieved implant.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Radiographic evidence and 25% implant failures are indications of a low success rate. High counts and prevalence of significant pathogens were found at surviving implants. Although extensive bone loss had occurred in the coronal part, the apical portion of the implant showed some bone to implant integration.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Two‐Year Outcome with Nobel Direct® Implants: A Retrospective Radiographic and Microbiologic Study in 10 Patients</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Two‐Year Outcome with Nobel Direct® Implants</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Two‐Year Outcome with Nobel Direct® Implants: A Retrospective Radiographic and Microbiologic Study in 10 Patients</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tommie</namePart><namePart type="family">Van de Velde</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">LA, DDS, MSc</namePart><affiliation>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Eric</namePart><namePart type="family">Thevissen</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">DDS</namePart><affiliation>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G. Rutger</namePart><namePart type="family">Persson</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">DDS, PhD</namePart><affiliation>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology, Division of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland, and the University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA;</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Carina</namePart><namePart type="family">Johansson</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MSc, PhD</namePart><affiliation>professor, Örebro University, School of Health and Medical Sciences, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden;</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hugo</namePart><namePart type="family">De Bruyn</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">DDS, MSc, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Specialist in periodontics, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</affiliation><affiliation>specialist in periodontics and professor, Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Belgium;</affiliation><affiliation>associate professor Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: hugo.debruyn@Ugent.be</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009-09</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">4</extent><extent unit="tables">6</extent><extent unit="formulas">0</extent><extent unit="references">34</extent><extent unit="linksCrossRef">0</extent><extent unit="words">5904</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Introduction: The Nobel Direct® implant (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) was developed to minimize marginal bone resorption and to result in “soft tissue integration” for an optimized aesthetic outcome. However, conflicting results have been presented in the literature. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic outcomes of Nobel Direct implants.</abstract><abstract>Materials and Methods: Ten partially edentulous subjects without evidence of active periodontitis (mean age 55 years) received 12 Nobel Direct implants. Implants were loaded with single crowns after a healing period of 3 to 6 months. Treatment outcomes were assessed at month 24. Routine clinical assessments, intraoral radiographs, and microbiologic samplings were made. Histologic analysis of one failing implant and chemical spectroscopy around three unused implants was performed. Paired Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used for the evaluation of bone loss; otherwise, descriptive analysis was performed.</abstract><abstract>Results: Implants were functionally loaded after 3 to 6 months. At 2 years, the mean bone loss of remaining implants was 2.0 mm (SD ± 1.1 mm; range: 0.0–3.4 mm). Three out of 12 implants with an early mean bone loss >3 mm were lost. The surviving implants showed increasing bone loss between 6 and 24 months (p = .028). Only 3 out of the 12 implants were considered successful and showed bone loss of <1.7 mm after 2 years. High rates of pathogens, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium spp., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Tanerella forsythia, were found. Chemical spectroscopy revealed, despite the normal signals from Ti, O, and C, also peaks of P, F, S, N, and Ca. A normal histologic image of osseointegration was observed in the apical part of the retrieved implant.</abstract><abstract>Conclusion: Radiographic evidence and 25% implant failures are indications of a low success rate. High counts and prevalence of significant pathogens were found at surviving implants. Although extensive bone loss had occurred in the coronal part, the apical portion of the implant showed some bone to implant integration.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>bone remodeling</topic><topic>dental implants</topic><topic>implant failures</topic><topic>one‐piece implant</topic><topic>one‐stage surgery</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1523-0899</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1708-8208</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1708-8208</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">CID</identifier><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>183</start><end>193</end><total>11</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">80810D71D020DC67D32B4D0F4EE8109E46AA37BE</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-4XZDVWP2-X</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1708-8208.2008.00112.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">CID112</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2008, Copyright the Authors. 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