The effect of a one‐stage full‐mouth disinfection on different intra‐oral niches Clinical and microbiological observations
Identifieur interne : 003401 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 003400; suivant : 003402The effect of a one‐stage full‐mouth disinfection on different intra‐oral niches Clinical and microbiological observations
Auteurs : Curd M. L. Bollen ; Claudio Mongardini ; William Papaioannou ; Daniel Van Steenberghe ; Marc QuirynenSource :
- Journal of Clinical Periodontology [ 0303-6979 ] ; 1998-01.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Additional disinfection, Anaerobic incubation, Antimicrobial irrigation, Attachment, Attachment gain, Attachment level, Bacterial load, Baseline, Belgium, Biomerieux france, Blood agar plate, Bollen, Buccal mucosa, Catholic university, Chlorhexidine, Chlorhexidine pendant, Chlorhexidine solution, Chlorhexidine spray, Ciinicai, Ciinicai periodontoiogy, Clinical attachment level, Clinical effects, Clinical feriodontologv, Clinical feriodontology, Conirol group, Consecutive rootplanings, Control group, Danser, Deep pockets, Dental research, Depth reduction, Descriptive statistics, Disinfection, Edentulous patients, Eontrol group, First quadrant, Flora, Gilmore bhaskar, Gingivitis index, Groupe test, Hygiene, Initial pockets, Irrigation, Journai, Listgarten, Listgarten hellden, Local delivery, Medium pockets, Microbiological, Microbiological benefits, Microbiological effects, Microbiological observations, Microbiological situation, Modality, Motile organisms, Mouth rinsing, Multirooted teeth, Niche, Oral cavity, Oral hygiene instruction, Oral niches, Other niches, Other studies, Pathogenic bacteria, Periodontal, Periodontal infections, Periodontal pockets, Periodontal therapy, Periodontal treatment, Periodontitis, Periodontology, Pilot study, Plaque, Plaque index, Plaque samples, Present study, Prevotella species, Quadrant, Quirynen, Relative importance, Rootplaning, Saliva, Several studies, Severe periodontitis, Significant differences, Significant reduction, Significant reductions, Singlerooted teeth, Spiral plater, Standard deviation, Standard therapy, Stannous fluoride, Streptococcus mutans, Subgingival, Subgingival application, Subgingival flora, Subgingival instrumentation, Subgingival samples, Test group, Test patients, Threshold level, Tonsil, Tonsil area, Tooth type, Total amount, Total number, Treatment modality, Typical colony morphology, Untreated pockets, Upper right quadrant, Velden, Winkelhoff.
- Teeft :
- Additional disinfection, Anaerobic incubation, Antimicrobial irrigation, Attachment, Attachment gain, Attachment level, Bacterial load, Baseline, Belgium, Biomerieux france, Blood agar plate, Bollen, Buccal mucosa, Catholic university, Chlorhexidine, Chlorhexidine pendant, Chlorhexidine solution, Chlorhexidine spray, Ciinicai, Ciinicai periodontoiogy, Clinical attachment level, Clinical effects, Clinical feriodontologv, Clinical feriodontology, Conirol group, Consecutive rootplanings, Control group, Danser, Deep pockets, Dental research, Depth reduction, Descriptive statistics, Disinfection, Edentulous patients, Eontrol group, First quadrant, Flora, Gilmore bhaskar, Gingivitis index, Groupe test, Hygiene, Initial pockets, Irrigation, Journai, Listgarten, Listgarten hellden, Local delivery, Medium pockets, Microbiological, Microbiological benefits, Microbiological effects, Microbiological observations, Microbiological situation, Modality, Motile organisms, Mouth rinsing, Multirooted teeth, Niche, Oral cavity, Oral hygiene instruction, Oral niches, Other niches, Other studies, Pathogenic bacteria, Periodontal, Periodontal infections, Periodontal pockets, Periodontal therapy, Periodontal treatment, Periodontitis, Periodontology, Pilot study, Plaque, Plaque index, Plaque samples, Present study, Prevotella species, Quadrant, Quirynen, Relative importance, Rootplaning, Saliva, Several studies, Severe periodontitis, Significant differences, Significant reduction, Significant reductions, Singlerooted teeth, Spiral plater, Standard deviation, Standard therapy, Stannous fluoride, Streptococcus mutans, Subgingival, Subgingival application, Subgingival flora, Subgingival instrumentation, Subgingival samples, Test group, Test patients, Threshold level, Tonsil, Tonsil area, Tooth type, Total amount, Total number, Treatment modality, Typical colony morphology, Untreated pockets, Upper right quadrant, Velden, Winkelhoff.
Abstract
Abstract. A treatment for periodontal infections often consists of consecutive rootplanings (per quadrani, at a 1‐to 2‐week interval), without a proper disinfection of the remaining intra‐oral niches (untreated pockets, tongue, saliva, mucosa and tonsils). Such an approach, could theoretically lead to a reinfection of previously‐treated pockets. The present study aims to examine the effect of a full‐mouth disinfection on the microbiota in the above‐mentioned niches. Moreover, the clinical benefit of such an approach was investigated. 16 patients with severe periodontitis were randomly allocated to a test and a control group. The patients from the control group were scaled and rootplaned, per quadrant, at 2‐week intervals and obtained oral hygiene instructions. The patients from the test group received a full‐mouth disinfection consisting of: scaling and rootplaning of all pockets in 2 visits within 24 h, in combination with tongue brushing with 1% chlorhexidine gel for 1 min, mouth rinsing with a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution for 2 min and subgingival irrigation of all pockets (3× in 10 min) with 1%, chlorhexidine gel. Besides oral hygiene, the test group rinsed 2× daily with 0.2% chlorhexidine and sprayed the tonsils with a 0.2% chlorhexidine for 2 months. Plaque samples (pockets, tongue, mucosa and saliva) were taken at baseline and after 2 and 4 months, and changes in probing depth, attachment level and bleeding on probing were reported. The full‐mouth disinfection resulted in a statistically significant additional reduction/elimination of periodonlopathogens, especially in the subgingival pockets, but also in the other niches. These microhiological improvements were reflected in a statistically‐significant higher probing depth reduction and attachment gain in the test patients. These findings suggest that a disinfection of all intra‐oral niches within a short time span leads to significant clinical and microbiological improvements for up to 4 months.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02364.x
Links to Exploration step
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<term>Anaerobic incubation</term>
<term>Antimicrobial irrigation</term>
<term>Attachment</term>
<term>Attachment gain</term>
<term>Attachment level</term>
<term>Bacterial load</term>
<term>Baseline</term>
<term>Belgium</term>
<term>Biomerieux france</term>
<term>Blood agar plate</term>
<term>Bollen</term>
<term>Buccal mucosa</term>
<term>Catholic university</term>
<term>Chlorhexidine</term>
<term>Chlorhexidine pendant</term>
<term>Chlorhexidine solution</term>
<term>Chlorhexidine spray</term>
<term>Ciinicai</term>
<term>Ciinicai periodontoiogy</term>
<term>Clinical attachment level</term>
<term>Clinical effects</term>
<term>Clinical feriodontologv</term>
<term>Clinical feriodontology</term>
<term>Conirol group</term>
<term>Consecutive rootplanings</term>
<term>Control group</term>
<term>Danser</term>
<term>Deep pockets</term>
<term>Dental research</term>
<term>Depth reduction</term>
<term>Descriptive statistics</term>
<term>Disinfection</term>
<term>Edentulous patients</term>
<term>Eontrol group</term>
<term>First quadrant</term>
<term>Flora</term>
<term>Gilmore bhaskar</term>
<term>Gingivitis index</term>
<term>Groupe test</term>
<term>Hygiene</term>
<term>Initial pockets</term>
<term>Irrigation</term>
<term>Journai</term>
<term>Listgarten</term>
<term>Listgarten hellden</term>
<term>Local delivery</term>
<term>Medium pockets</term>
<term>Microbiological</term>
<term>Microbiological benefits</term>
<term>Microbiological effects</term>
<term>Microbiological observations</term>
<term>Microbiological situation</term>
<term>Modality</term>
<term>Motile organisms</term>
<term>Mouth rinsing</term>
<term>Multirooted teeth</term>
<term>Niche</term>
<term>Oral cavity</term>
<term>Oral hygiene instruction</term>
<term>Oral niches</term>
<term>Other niches</term>
<term>Other studies</term>
<term>Pathogenic bacteria</term>
<term>Periodontal</term>
<term>Periodontal infections</term>
<term>Periodontal pockets</term>
<term>Periodontal therapy</term>
<term>Periodontal treatment</term>
<term>Periodontitis</term>
<term>Periodontology</term>
<term>Pilot study</term>
<term>Plaque</term>
<term>Plaque index</term>
<term>Plaque samples</term>
<term>Present study</term>
<term>Prevotella species</term>
<term>Quadrant</term>
<term>Quirynen</term>
<term>Relative importance</term>
<term>Rootplaning</term>
<term>Saliva</term>
<term>Several studies</term>
<term>Severe periodontitis</term>
<term>Significant differences</term>
<term>Significant reduction</term>
<term>Significant reductions</term>
<term>Singlerooted teeth</term>
<term>Spiral plater</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Standard therapy</term>
<term>Stannous fluoride</term>
<term>Streptococcus mutans</term>
<term>Subgingival</term>
<term>Subgingival application</term>
<term>Subgingival flora</term>
<term>Subgingival instrumentation</term>
<term>Subgingival samples</term>
<term>Test group</term>
<term>Test patients</term>
<term>Threshold level</term>
<term>Tonsil</term>
<term>Tonsil area</term>
<term>Tooth type</term>
<term>Total amount</term>
<term>Total number</term>
<term>Treatment modality</term>
<term>Typical colony morphology</term>
<term>Untreated pockets</term>
<term>Upper right quadrant</term>
<term>Velden</term>
<term>Winkelhoff</term>
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<term>Anaerobic incubation</term>
<term>Antimicrobial irrigation</term>
<term>Attachment</term>
<term>Attachment gain</term>
<term>Attachment level</term>
<term>Bacterial load</term>
<term>Baseline</term>
<term>Belgium</term>
<term>Biomerieux france</term>
<term>Blood agar plate</term>
<term>Bollen</term>
<term>Buccal mucosa</term>
<term>Catholic university</term>
<term>Chlorhexidine</term>
<term>Chlorhexidine pendant</term>
<term>Chlorhexidine solution</term>
<term>Chlorhexidine spray</term>
<term>Ciinicai</term>
<term>Ciinicai periodontoiogy</term>
<term>Clinical attachment level</term>
<term>Clinical effects</term>
<term>Clinical feriodontologv</term>
<term>Clinical feriodontology</term>
<term>Conirol group</term>
<term>Consecutive rootplanings</term>
<term>Control group</term>
<term>Danser</term>
<term>Deep pockets</term>
<term>Dental research</term>
<term>Depth reduction</term>
<term>Descriptive statistics</term>
<term>Disinfection</term>
<term>Edentulous patients</term>
<term>Eontrol group</term>
<term>First quadrant</term>
<term>Flora</term>
<term>Gilmore bhaskar</term>
<term>Gingivitis index</term>
<term>Groupe test</term>
<term>Hygiene</term>
<term>Initial pockets</term>
<term>Irrigation</term>
<term>Journai</term>
<term>Listgarten</term>
<term>Listgarten hellden</term>
<term>Local delivery</term>
<term>Medium pockets</term>
<term>Microbiological</term>
<term>Microbiological benefits</term>
<term>Microbiological effects</term>
<term>Microbiological observations</term>
<term>Microbiological situation</term>
<term>Modality</term>
<term>Motile organisms</term>
<term>Mouth rinsing</term>
<term>Multirooted teeth</term>
<term>Niche</term>
<term>Oral cavity</term>
<term>Oral hygiene instruction</term>
<term>Oral niches</term>
<term>Other niches</term>
<term>Other studies</term>
<term>Pathogenic bacteria</term>
<term>Periodontal</term>
<term>Periodontal infections</term>
<term>Periodontal pockets</term>
<term>Periodontal therapy</term>
<term>Periodontal treatment</term>
<term>Periodontitis</term>
<term>Periodontology</term>
<term>Pilot study</term>
<term>Plaque</term>
<term>Plaque index</term>
<term>Plaque samples</term>
<term>Present study</term>
<term>Prevotella species</term>
<term>Quadrant</term>
<term>Quirynen</term>
<term>Relative importance</term>
<term>Rootplaning</term>
<term>Saliva</term>
<term>Several studies</term>
<term>Severe periodontitis</term>
<term>Significant differences</term>
<term>Significant reduction</term>
<term>Significant reductions</term>
<term>Singlerooted teeth</term>
<term>Spiral plater</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Standard therapy</term>
<term>Stannous fluoride</term>
<term>Streptococcus mutans</term>
<term>Subgingival</term>
<term>Subgingival application</term>
<term>Subgingival flora</term>
<term>Subgingival instrumentation</term>
<term>Subgingival samples</term>
<term>Test group</term>
<term>Test patients</term>
<term>Threshold level</term>
<term>Tonsil</term>
<term>Tonsil area</term>
<term>Tooth type</term>
<term>Total amount</term>
<term>Total number</term>
<term>Treatment modality</term>
<term>Typical colony morphology</term>
<term>Untreated pockets</term>
<term>Upper right quadrant</term>
<term>Velden</term>
<term>Winkelhoff</term>
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<front><div type="abstract">Abstract. A treatment for periodontal infections often consists of consecutive rootplanings (per quadrani, at a 1‐to 2‐week interval), without a proper disinfection of the remaining intra‐oral niches (untreated pockets, tongue, saliva, mucosa and tonsils). Such an approach, could theoretically lead to a reinfection of previously‐treated pockets. The present study aims to examine the effect of a full‐mouth disinfection on the microbiota in the above‐mentioned niches. Moreover, the clinical benefit of such an approach was investigated. 16 patients with severe periodontitis were randomly allocated to a test and a control group. The patients from the control group were scaled and rootplaned, per quadrant, at 2‐week intervals and obtained oral hygiene instructions. The patients from the test group received a full‐mouth disinfection consisting of: scaling and rootplaning of all pockets in 2 visits within 24 h, in combination with tongue brushing with 1% chlorhexidine gel for 1 min, mouth rinsing with a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution for 2 min and subgingival irrigation of all pockets (3× in 10 min) with 1%, chlorhexidine gel. Besides oral hygiene, the test group rinsed 2× daily with 0.2% chlorhexidine and sprayed the tonsils with a 0.2% chlorhexidine for 2 months. Plaque samples (pockets, tongue, mucosa and saliva) were taken at baseline and after 2 and 4 months, and changes in probing depth, attachment level and bleeding on probing were reported. The full‐mouth disinfection resulted in a statistically significant additional reduction/elimination of periodonlopathogens, especially in the subgingival pockets, but also in the other niches. These microhiological improvements were reflected in a statistically‐significant higher probing depth reduction and attachment gain in the test patients. These findings suggest that a disinfection of all intra‐oral niches within a short time span leads to significant clinical and microbiological improvements for up to 4 months.</div>
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<abstract>Abstract. A treatment for periodontal infections often consists of consecutive rootplanings (per quadrani, at a 1‐to 2‐week interval), without a proper disinfection of the remaining intra‐oral niches (untreated pockets, tongue, saliva, mucosa and tonsils). Such an approach, could theoretically lead to a reinfection of previously‐treated pockets. The present study aims to examine the effect of a full‐mouth disinfection on the microbiota in the above‐mentioned niches. Moreover, the clinical benefit of such an approach was investigated. 16 patients with severe periodontitis were randomly allocated to a test and a control group. The patients from the control group were scaled and rootplaned, per quadrant, at 2‐week intervals and obtained oral hygiene instructions. The patients from the test group received a full‐mouth disinfection consisting of: scaling and rootplaning of all pockets in 2 visits within 24 h, in combination with tongue brushing with 1% chlorhexidine gel for 1 min, mouth rinsing with a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution for 2 min and subgingival irrigation of all pockets (3× in 10 min) with 1%, chlorhexidine gel. Besides oral hygiene, the test group rinsed 2× daily with 0.2% chlorhexidine and sprayed the tonsils with a 0.2% chlorhexidine for 2 months. Plaque samples (pockets, tongue, mucosa and saliva) were taken at baseline and after 2 and 4 months, and changes in probing depth, attachment level and bleeding on probing were reported. The full‐mouth disinfection resulted in a statistically significant additional reduction/elimination of periodonlopathogens, especially in the subgingival pockets, but also in the other niches. These microhiological improvements were reflected in a statistically‐significant higher probing depth reduction and attachment gain in the test patients. These findings suggest that a disinfection of all intra‐oral niches within a short time span leads to significant clinical and microbiological improvements for up to 4 months.</abstract>
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A treatment for periodontal infections often consists of consecutive rootplanings (per quadrani, at a 1‐to 2‐week interval), without a proper disinfection of the remaining intra‐oral niches (untreated pockets, tongue, saliva, mucosa and tonsils). Such an approach, could theoretically lead to a reinfection of previously‐treated pockets. The present study aims to examine the effect of a full‐mouth disinfection on the microbiota in the above‐mentioned niches. Moreover, the clinical benefit of such an approach was investigated. 16 patients with severe periodontitis were randomly allocated to a test and a control group. The patients from the control group were scaled and rootplaned, per quadrant, at 2‐week intervals and obtained oral hygiene instructions. The patients from the test group received a full‐mouth disinfection consisting of: scaling and rootplaning of all pockets in 2 visits within 24 h, in combination with tongue brushing with 1% chlorhexidine gel for 1 min, mouth rinsing with a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution for 2 min and subgingival irrigation of all pockets (3× in 10 min) with 1%, chlorhexidine gel. Besides oral hygiene, the test group rinsed 2× daily with 0.2% chlorhexidine and sprayed the tonsils with a 0.2% chlorhexidine for 2 months. Plaque samples (pockets, tongue, mucosa and saliva) were taken at baseline and after 2 and 4 months, and changes in probing depth, attachment level and bleeding on probing were reported. The full‐mouth disinfection resulted in a statistically significant additional reduction/elimination of periodonlopathogens, especially in the subgingival pockets, but also in the other niches. These microhiological improvements were reflected in a statistically‐significant higher probing depth reduction and attachment gain in the test patients. These findings suggest that a disinfection of all intra‐oral niches within a short time span leads to significant clinical and microbiological improvements for up to 4 months.</p>
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A treatment for periodontal infections often consists of consecutive rootplanings (per quadrani, at a 1‐to 2‐week interval), without a proper disinfection of the remaining intra‐oral niches (untreated pockets, tongue, saliva, mucosa and tonsils). Such an approach, could theoretically lead to a reinfection of previously‐treated pockets. The present study aims to examine the effect of a full‐mouth disinfection on the microbiota in the above‐mentioned niches. Moreover, the clinical benefit of such an approach was investigated. 16 patients with severe periodontitis were randomly allocated to a test and a control group. The patients from the control group were scaled and rootplaned, per quadrant, at 2‐week intervals and obtained oral hygiene instructions. The patients from the test group received a full‐mouth disinfection consisting of: scaling and rootplaning of all pockets in 2 visits within 24 h, in combination with tongue brushing with 1% chlorhexidine gel for 1 min, mouth rinsing with a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution for 2 min and subgingival irrigation of all pockets (3× in 10 min) with 1%, chlorhexidine gel. Besides oral hygiene, the test group rinsed 2× daily with 0.2% chlorhexidine and sprayed the tonsils with a 0.2% chlorhexidine for 2 months. Plaque samples (pockets, tongue, mucosa and saliva) were taken at baseline and after 2 and 4 months, and changes in probing depth, attachment level and bleeding on probing were reported. The full‐mouth disinfection resulted in a statistically significant additional reduction/elimination of periodonlopathogens, especially in the subgingival pockets, but also in the other niches. These microhiological improvements were reflected in a statistically‐significant higher probing depth reduction and attachment gain in the test patients. These findings suggest that a disinfection of all intra‐oral niches within a short time span leads to significant clinical and microbiological improvements for up to 4 months.</p>
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<mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>The effect of a one‐stage full‐mouth disinfection on different intra‐oral niches Clinical and microbiological observations</title>
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<titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>The effect of a one‐stage full‐mouth disinfection on different intra‐oral niches Clinical and microbiological observations</title>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Curd M. L.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bollen</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium</affiliation>
<affiliation>Research Group for Microbial Adhesion, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Claudio</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Mongardini</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">William</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Papaioannou</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium</affiliation>
<affiliation>Research Group for Microbial Adhesion, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Daniel</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Van Steenberghe</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium</affiliation>
<affiliation>Research Group for Microbial Adhesion, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marc</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Quirynen</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium</affiliation>
<affiliation>Research Group for Microbial Adhesion, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium</affiliation>
<affiliation>Correspondence address: Marc Quirynen Department of Periodontology Faculty of Medicine Catholic University of Leuven Capucijnenvoer 7 B‐3000 Leuven Belgium Fax: +32 16 332484</affiliation>
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<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1998-01</dateIssued>
<edition>Accepted for publication 5 March 1997</edition>
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<abstract>Abstract. A treatment for periodontal infections often consists of consecutive rootplanings (per quadrani, at a 1‐to 2‐week interval), without a proper disinfection of the remaining intra‐oral niches (untreated pockets, tongue, saliva, mucosa and tonsils). Such an approach, could theoretically lead to a reinfection of previously‐treated pockets. The present study aims to examine the effect of a full‐mouth disinfection on the microbiota in the above‐mentioned niches. Moreover, the clinical benefit of such an approach was investigated. 16 patients with severe periodontitis were randomly allocated to a test and a control group. The patients from the control group were scaled and rootplaned, per quadrant, at 2‐week intervals and obtained oral hygiene instructions. The patients from the test group received a full‐mouth disinfection consisting of: scaling and rootplaning of all pockets in 2 visits within 24 h, in combination with tongue brushing with 1% chlorhexidine gel for 1 min, mouth rinsing with a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution for 2 min and subgingival irrigation of all pockets (3× in 10 min) with 1%, chlorhexidine gel. Besides oral hygiene, the test group rinsed 2× daily with 0.2% chlorhexidine and sprayed the tonsils with a 0.2% chlorhexidine for 2 months. Plaque samples (pockets, tongue, mucosa and saliva) were taken at baseline and after 2 and 4 months, and changes in probing depth, attachment level and bleeding on probing were reported. The full‐mouth disinfection resulted in a statistically significant additional reduction/elimination of periodonlopathogens, especially in the subgingival pockets, but also in the other niches. These microhiological improvements were reflected in a statistically‐significant higher probing depth reduction and attachment gain in the test patients. These findings suggest that a disinfection of all intra‐oral niches within a short time span leads to significant clinical and microbiological improvements for up to 4 months.</abstract>
<subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre>
<topic>chlorhexidine</topic>
<topic>microbiology</topic>
<topic>periodontitis</topic>
<topic>periodontal therapy</topic>
<topic>root planing</topic>
<topic>attachment level</topic>
</subject>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Clinical Periodontology</title>
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<identifier type="ISSN">0303-6979</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1600-051X</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1600-051X</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">JCPE</identifier>
<part><date>1998</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>25</number>
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<detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption>
<number>1</number>
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<extent unit="pages"><start>56</start>
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