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Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia)

Identifieur interne : 002F07 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002F06; suivant : 002F08

Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia)

Auteurs : James D. Gardner

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:5FDABE5029494AC1C5084CE281C0FDB3E765D740

English descriptors

Abstract

The Albanerpetontidae are Middle Jurassic‐Miocene amphibians that have variously been regarded as caudates (salamanders), a clade distinct from caudates, or incertae sedis lissamphibians. Here I test for monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae and examine the affinities of the group, within the framework of a more inclusive Temnospondyli, by performing a cladistic analysis using 59 informative characters scored for four non‐lissamphibian temnospondyl genera, stem‐ and crown‐clade caudates, salientians (frogs), gymnophionans (caecilians), and the two recognized albanerpetontid genera Albanerpeton and Celtedens. Monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae is corroborated. I interpret synapomorphies of the marginal teeth (non‐pedicellate; crowns chisel like, labiolingually compressed, with three mesiodistally aligned cuspules) in albanerpetontids as being associated with a shearing bite. Other synapomorphies evidently strengthened and increased the mobility of the skull, mandible, and cervical region for burrowing, feeding, or both. Nested sets of synapomorphies place the Albanerpetontidae within the Lissamphibia, as the sistertaxon of Caudata plus Salientia. None of the 17 characters previously advanced as albanerpetontid‐caudate synapomorphies convincingly places the Albanerpetontidae within the Caudata or allies the two groups as sistertaxa. Albanerpetontids are better interpreted not as aberrant caudates, but as a distinct clade of lissamphibians in which numerous apomorphies are superimposed upon an otherwise primitive lissamphibian body plan.

Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb02240.x

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:5FDABE5029494AC1C5084CE281C0FDB3E765D740

Le document en format XML

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<term>Acctran</term>
<term>Acctran optimization</term>
<term>Adductor</term>
<term>Albanerpeton</term>
<term>Albanerpetontid</term>
<term>Albanerpetontid amphibians</term>
<term>Albanerpetontidae</term>
<term>Albanerpetontids</term>
<term>Albanerpetontines</term>
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<term>Amphibamidae</term>
<term>Amphibamids</term>
<term>Amphibia</term>
<term>Amphibian</term>
<term>Anterior</term>
<term>Anterior ramus</term>
<term>Anteriorly</term>
<term>Anura</term>
<term>Anuran</term>
<term>Apateon</term>
<term>Apoda</term>
<term>Apodan</term>
<term>Apodans</term>
<term>Apomorphies</term>
<term>Articular</term>
<term>Articular surface</term>
<term>Articulates</term>
<term>Articulation</term>
<term>Atlantal</term>
<term>Baez</term>
<term>Baez basso</term>
<term>Balanerpeton</term>
<term>Basal</term>
<term>Basal urodele</term>
<term>Basal urodeles</term>
<term>Basapophyses</term>
<term>Batrachia</term>
<term>Batrachian</term>
<term>Beneski</term>
<term>Beneski larsen</term>
<term>Bicuspid</term>
<term>Bicuspid teeth</term>
<term>Bootstrap</term>
<term>Bootstrap value</term>
<term>Bootstrap values</term>
<term>Bremer</term>
<term>Caecilian</term>
<term>Cannatella</term>
<term>Carroll currie</term>
<term>Carroll holmes</term>
<term>Caudata</term>
<term>Caudata salientia</term>
<term>Caudate</term>
<term>Celtedens</term>
<term>Celtedens ibericus</term>
<term>Centrum</term>
<term>Cervical region</term>
<term>Character state</term>
<term>Character states</term>
<term>Clack</term>
<term>Clack milner</term>
<term>Clade</term>
<term>Cladistic</term>
<term>Clarendon press</term>
<term>Clavicle</term>
<term>Cleithrum</term>
<term>Clemen</term>
<term>Cloutier</term>
<term>Condyle</term>
<term>Contra</term>
<term>Contra trueb cloutier</term>
<term>Convergent</term>
<term>Convergently</term>
<term>Cotyle</term>
<term>Cranial</term>
<term>Cretaceous</term>
<term>Cryptobranchids</term>
<term>Cryptobranchus</term>
<term>Cundall</term>
<term>Cuspules</term>
<term>Data matrix</term>
<term>Decay index</term>
<term>Deltran</term>
<term>Deltran optimization</term>
<term>Dendrerpeton</term>
<term>Dentary</term>
<term>Dermal</term>
<term>Dermal scales</term>
<term>Dermophis mexicanus</term>
<term>Doleserpeton</term>
<term>Dorsal</term>
<term>Dorsal surface</term>
<term>Dorsally</term>
<term>Duellman</term>
<term>Duellman trueb</term>
<term>Early permian</term>
<term>Earth sciences</term>
<term>Ectopterygoid</term>
<term>Elwood cundall</term>
<term>Ensom</term>
<term>Eocaecilia</term>
<term>Estes</term>
<term>Estes hoffstetter</term>
<term>Estes reig</term>
<term>Estes sanchiz</term>
<term>Evans milner</term>
<term>External narial margin</term>
<term>Extra steps</term>
<term>Fang</term>
<term>First trunk vertebra</term>
<term>Foramen</term>
<term>Ford cannatella</term>
<term>Fossil</term>
<term>Frog</term>
<term>Frontal</term>
<term>Gardner</term>
<term>Genus</term>
<term>Greven</term>
<term>Greven clemen</term>
<term>Gymnophiona</term>
<term>Gymnophionans</term>
<term>Hanken</term>
<term>Herpetological monographs</term>
<term>Hillis</term>
<term>Hoffstetter</term>
<term>Holotype</term>
<term>Homology</term>
<term>Humerus</term>
<term>Hynobiidae</term>
<term>Ibericus</term>
<term>Inexpectatum</term>
<term>Ingroup</term>
<term>Ingroup taxa</term>
<term>Intercentra</term>
<term>Interclavicle</term>
<term>Intermandibular</term>
<term>Intertemporal</term>
<term>Ivachnenko</term>
<term>Jenkins walsh</term>
<term>Jugal</term>
<term>Jurassic</term>
<term>Karauridae</term>
<term>Karaurids</term>
<term>Karaurus</term>
<term>Kokartus</term>
<term>Labial</term>
<term>Labiolingually</term>
<term>Lacrimal</term>
<term>Larsen</term>
<term>Laurin</term>
<term>Laurin reisz</term>
<term>Lingual</term>
<term>Linnean</term>
<term>Linnean society</term>
<term>Lissamphibia</term>
<term>Lissamphibian</term>
<term>Lissamphibian synapomorphies</term>
<term>Lissamphibians</term>
<term>Lower cretaceous</term>
<term>Lower permian</term>
<term>Mandible</term>
<term>Marginal teeth</term>
<term>Matrix</term>
<term>Maxilla</term>
<term>Maxillary</term>
<term>Maxillary arcade</term>
<term>Maxillopalatine</term>
<term>Mccord</term>
<term>Mccords</term>
<term>Mcgowan</term>
<term>Mcgowan ensom</term>
<term>Mcgowan evans</term>
<term>Medially</term>
<term>Mentomeckelian</term>
<term>Mesiodistally</term>
<term>Middle jurassic</term>
<term>Middle miocene</term>
<term>Milner</term>
<term>Milner sequeira</term>
<term>Miocene</term>
<term>Monocuspid</term>
<term>Monocuspid teeth</term>
<term>Monophyletic</term>
<term>Monophyly</term>
<term>Morphology</term>
<term>Mortise</term>
<term>Movable quadrate</term>
<term>Muscle adductor mandibulae internus superficialis</term>
<term>Narial</term>
<term>Natural history</term>
<term>Naylor</term>
<term>Nessov</term>
<term>Neues jahrbuch</term>
<term>Neural arch</term>
<term>Node</term>
<term>Notobatrachus</term>
<term>Nussbaum</term>
<term>Occipital condyle</term>
<term>Odontoid</term>
<term>Odontoid process</term>
<term>Olmstead</term>
<term>Olmstead palmer</term>
<term>Omnh</term>
<term>Ontogenetic</term>
<term>Ontogenetic studies</term>
<term>Optimization</term>
<term>Orbital margin</term>
<term>Ossified</term>
<term>Osteological</term>
<term>Other lissamphibians</term>
<term>Other temnospondyls</term>
<term>Outgroup</term>
<term>Outgroups</term>
<term>Palatal</term>
<term>Palatal bones</term>
<term>Palatal fangs</term>
<term>Palatine</term>
<term>Paleontology</term>
<term>Parasphenoid</term>
<term>Parietal</term>
<term>Parietal foramen</term>
<term>Parietals</term>
<term>Parsons williams</term>
<term>Pectoral girdle</term>
<term>Pedicel</term>
<term>Pedicellate</term>
<term>Pedicellate teeth</term>
<term>Pennsylvanian</term>
<term>Permian</term>
<term>Phylogenetic</term>
<term>Phylogenetic relationships</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Posterior edge</term>
<term>Posteriorly</term>
<term>Postfrontal</term>
<term>Postorbital</term>
<term>Postparietal</term>
<term>Prefrontal</term>
<term>Premaxilla</term>
<term>Presacral</term>
<term>Presacral vertebrae</term>
<term>Primitively</term>
<term>Prong</term>
<term>Pterygoid</term>
<term>Putative</term>
<term>Putative synapomorphies</term>
<term>Quadrate</term>
<term>Radial condyle</term>
<term>Rage roeek</term>
<term>Ramus</term>
<term>Reig</term>
<term>Reisz</term>
<term>Replicates</term>
<term>Rib</term>
<term>Roeek</term>
<term>Salamander</term>
<term>Salientia</term>
<term>Salientian</term>
<term>Sanchiz</term>
<term>Scale bars</term>
<term>Schultze</term>
<term>Sensu</term>
<term>Sequeira</term>
<term>Shortest</term>
<term>Shortest tree</term>
<term>Shortest trees</term>
<term>Skeleton</term>
<term>Skull</term>
<term>Skull roof</term>
<term>Spinal</term>
<term>Spinal foramen</term>
<term>Splenial</term>
<term>Splenial teeth</term>
<term>Squamosal</term>
<term>Stapedial</term>
<term>Stapedial foramen</term>
<term>Step trees</term>
<term>Supratemporal</term>
<term>Surangular</term>
<term>Symphyseal</term>
<term>Symphyseal teeth</term>
<term>Synapomorphies</term>
<term>Synapomorphy</term>
<term>Systematics</term>
<term>Taxon</term>
<term>Temnospondyl</term>
<term>Temnospondyl genera</term>
<term>Temnospondyli</term>
<term>Temnospondyls</term>
<term>Temnospondyls primitively</term>
<term>Tenon</term>
<term>Terminal taxa</term>
<term>Tetrapod</term>
<term>Tooth crowns</term>
<term>Topology</term>
<term>Tree length</term>
<term>Tree statistics</term>
<term>Triadobatrachus</term>
<term>Triassic</term>
<term>Trueb</term>
<term>Trueb cloutier</term>
<term>Trunk musculature</term>
<term>Trunk vertebrae</term>
<term>Ualvp</term>
<term>Unambiguous synapomorphies</term>
<term>Uninformative</term>
<term>Uninformative characters</term>
<term>Unnamed clade</term>
<term>Urodela</term>
<term>Urodele</term>
<term>Ventral</term>
<term>Ventral views</term>
<term>Vertebra</term>
<term>Vertebrate</term>
<term>Vertebrate paleontology</term>
<term>Vomer</term>
<term>Wake hanken</term>
<term>Zoological journal</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en">
<term>Academic press</term>
<term>Acctran</term>
<term>Acctran optimization</term>
<term>Adductor</term>
<term>Albanerpeton</term>
<term>Albanerpetontid</term>
<term>Albanerpetontid amphibians</term>
<term>Albanerpetontidae</term>
<term>Albanerpetontids</term>
<term>Albanerpetontines</term>
<term>Amphibamid</term>
<term>Amphibamidae</term>
<term>Amphibamids</term>
<term>Amphibia</term>
<term>Amphibian</term>
<term>Anterior</term>
<term>Anterior ramus</term>
<term>Anteriorly</term>
<term>Anura</term>
<term>Anuran</term>
<term>Apateon</term>
<term>Apoda</term>
<term>Apodan</term>
<term>Apodans</term>
<term>Apomorphies</term>
<term>Articular</term>
<term>Articular surface</term>
<term>Articulates</term>
<term>Articulation</term>
<term>Atlantal</term>
<term>Baez</term>
<term>Baez basso</term>
<term>Balanerpeton</term>
<term>Basal</term>
<term>Basal urodele</term>
<term>Basal urodeles</term>
<term>Basapophyses</term>
<term>Batrachia</term>
<term>Batrachian</term>
<term>Beneski</term>
<term>Beneski larsen</term>
<term>Bicuspid</term>
<term>Bicuspid teeth</term>
<term>Bootstrap</term>
<term>Bootstrap value</term>
<term>Bootstrap values</term>
<term>Bremer</term>
<term>Caecilian</term>
<term>Cannatella</term>
<term>Carroll currie</term>
<term>Carroll holmes</term>
<term>Caudata</term>
<term>Caudata salientia</term>
<term>Caudate</term>
<term>Celtedens</term>
<term>Celtedens ibericus</term>
<term>Centrum</term>
<term>Cervical region</term>
<term>Character state</term>
<term>Character states</term>
<term>Clack</term>
<term>Clack milner</term>
<term>Clade</term>
<term>Cladistic</term>
<term>Clarendon press</term>
<term>Clavicle</term>
<term>Cleithrum</term>
<term>Clemen</term>
<term>Cloutier</term>
<term>Condyle</term>
<term>Contra</term>
<term>Contra trueb cloutier</term>
<term>Convergent</term>
<term>Convergently</term>
<term>Cotyle</term>
<term>Cranial</term>
<term>Cretaceous</term>
<term>Cryptobranchids</term>
<term>Cryptobranchus</term>
<term>Cundall</term>
<term>Cuspules</term>
<term>Data matrix</term>
<term>Decay index</term>
<term>Deltran</term>
<term>Deltran optimization</term>
<term>Dendrerpeton</term>
<term>Dentary</term>
<term>Dermal</term>
<term>Dermal scales</term>
<term>Dermophis mexicanus</term>
<term>Doleserpeton</term>
<term>Dorsal</term>
<term>Dorsal surface</term>
<term>Dorsally</term>
<term>Duellman</term>
<term>Duellman trueb</term>
<term>Early permian</term>
<term>Earth sciences</term>
<term>Ectopterygoid</term>
<term>Elwood cundall</term>
<term>Ensom</term>
<term>Eocaecilia</term>
<term>Estes</term>
<term>Estes hoffstetter</term>
<term>Estes reig</term>
<term>Estes sanchiz</term>
<term>Evans milner</term>
<term>External narial margin</term>
<term>Extra steps</term>
<term>Fang</term>
<term>First trunk vertebra</term>
<term>Foramen</term>
<term>Ford cannatella</term>
<term>Fossil</term>
<term>Frog</term>
<term>Frontal</term>
<term>Gardner</term>
<term>Genus</term>
<term>Greven</term>
<term>Greven clemen</term>
<term>Gymnophiona</term>
<term>Gymnophionans</term>
<term>Hanken</term>
<term>Herpetological monographs</term>
<term>Hillis</term>
<term>Hoffstetter</term>
<term>Holotype</term>
<term>Homology</term>
<term>Humerus</term>
<term>Hynobiidae</term>
<term>Ibericus</term>
<term>Inexpectatum</term>
<term>Ingroup</term>
<term>Ingroup taxa</term>
<term>Intercentra</term>
<term>Interclavicle</term>
<term>Intermandibular</term>
<term>Intertemporal</term>
<term>Ivachnenko</term>
<term>Jenkins walsh</term>
<term>Jugal</term>
<term>Jurassic</term>
<term>Karauridae</term>
<term>Karaurids</term>
<term>Karaurus</term>
<term>Kokartus</term>
<term>Labial</term>
<term>Labiolingually</term>
<term>Lacrimal</term>
<term>Larsen</term>
<term>Laurin</term>
<term>Laurin reisz</term>
<term>Lingual</term>
<term>Linnean</term>
<term>Linnean society</term>
<term>Lissamphibia</term>
<term>Lissamphibian</term>
<term>Lissamphibian synapomorphies</term>
<term>Lissamphibians</term>
<term>Lower cretaceous</term>
<term>Lower permian</term>
<term>Mandible</term>
<term>Marginal teeth</term>
<term>Matrix</term>
<term>Maxilla</term>
<term>Maxillary</term>
<term>Maxillary arcade</term>
<term>Maxillopalatine</term>
<term>Mccord</term>
<term>Mccords</term>
<term>Mcgowan</term>
<term>Mcgowan ensom</term>
<term>Mcgowan evans</term>
<term>Medially</term>
<term>Mentomeckelian</term>
<term>Mesiodistally</term>
<term>Middle jurassic</term>
<term>Middle miocene</term>
<term>Milner</term>
<term>Milner sequeira</term>
<term>Miocene</term>
<term>Monocuspid</term>
<term>Monocuspid teeth</term>
<term>Monophyletic</term>
<term>Monophyly</term>
<term>Morphology</term>
<term>Mortise</term>
<term>Movable quadrate</term>
<term>Muscle adductor mandibulae internus superficialis</term>
<term>Narial</term>
<term>Natural history</term>
<term>Naylor</term>
<term>Nessov</term>
<term>Neues jahrbuch</term>
<term>Neural arch</term>
<term>Node</term>
<term>Notobatrachus</term>
<term>Nussbaum</term>
<term>Occipital condyle</term>
<term>Odontoid</term>
<term>Odontoid process</term>
<term>Olmstead</term>
<term>Olmstead palmer</term>
<term>Omnh</term>
<term>Ontogenetic</term>
<term>Ontogenetic studies</term>
<term>Optimization</term>
<term>Orbital margin</term>
<term>Ossified</term>
<term>Osteological</term>
<term>Other lissamphibians</term>
<term>Other temnospondyls</term>
<term>Outgroup</term>
<term>Outgroups</term>
<term>Palatal</term>
<term>Palatal bones</term>
<term>Palatal fangs</term>
<term>Palatine</term>
<term>Paleontology</term>
<term>Parasphenoid</term>
<term>Parietal</term>
<term>Parietal foramen</term>
<term>Parietals</term>
<term>Parsons williams</term>
<term>Pectoral girdle</term>
<term>Pedicel</term>
<term>Pedicellate</term>
<term>Pedicellate teeth</term>
<term>Pennsylvanian</term>
<term>Permian</term>
<term>Phylogenetic</term>
<term>Phylogenetic relationships</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Posterior edge</term>
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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The Albanerpetontidae are Middle Jurassic‐Miocene amphibians that have variously been regarded as caudates (salamanders), a clade distinct from caudates, or incertae sedis lissamphibians. Here I test for monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae and examine the affinities of the group, within the framework of a more inclusive Temnospondyli, by performing a cladistic analysis using 59 informative characters scored for four non‐lissamphibian temnospondyl genera, stem‐ and crown‐clade caudates, salientians (frogs), gymnophionans (caecilians), and the two recognized albanerpetontid genera Albanerpeton and Celtedens. Monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae is corroborated. I interpret synapomorphies of the marginal teeth (non‐pedicellate; crowns chisel like, labiolingually compressed, with three mesiodistally aligned cuspules) in albanerpetontids as being associated with a shearing bite. Other synapomorphies evidently strengthened and increased the mobility of the skull, mandible, and cervical region for burrowing, feeding, or both. Nested sets of synapomorphies place the Albanerpetontidae within the Lissamphibia, as the sistertaxon of Caudata plus Salientia. None of the 17 characters previously advanced as albanerpetontid‐caudate synapomorphies convincingly places the Albanerpetontidae within the Caudata or allies the two groups as sistertaxa. Albanerpetontids are better interpreted not as aberrant caudates, but as a distinct clade of lissamphibians in which numerous apomorphies are superimposed upon an otherwise primitive lissamphibian body plan.</div>
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<abstract>The Albanerpetontidae are Middle Jurassic‐Miocene amphibians that have variously been regarded as caudates (salamanders), a clade distinct from caudates, or incertae sedis lissamphibians. Here I test for monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae and examine the affinities of the group, within the framework of a more inclusive Temnospondyli, by performing a cladistic analysis using 59 informative characters scored for four non‐lissamphibian temnospondyl genera, stem‐ and crown‐clade caudates, salientians (frogs), gymnophionans (caecilians), and the two recognized albanerpetontid genera Albanerpeton and Celtedens. Monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae is corroborated. I interpret synapomorphies of the marginal teeth (non‐pedicellate; crowns chisel like, labiolingually compressed, with three mesiodistally aligned cuspules) in albanerpetontids as being associated with a shearing bite. Other synapomorphies evidently strengthened and increased the mobility of the skull, mandible, and cervical region for burrowing, feeding, or both. Nested sets of synapomorphies place the Albanerpetontidae within the Lissamphibia, as the sistertaxon of Caudata plus Salientia. None of the 17 characters previously advanced as albanerpetontid‐caudate synapomorphies convincingly places the Albanerpetontidae within the Caudata or allies the two groups as sistertaxa. Albanerpetontids are better interpreted not as aberrant caudates, but as a distinct clade of lissamphibians in which numerous apomorphies are superimposed upon an otherwise primitive lissamphibian body plan.</abstract>
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<json:string>Seiffert, 1969</json:string>
<json:string>Bolt, 1969, 1974, 1977, 1979, 1991</json:string>
<json:string>1988, 1993a, b</json:string>
<json:string>Jenkins & Shubin, 1998</json:string>
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<json:string>Hunt, Lucas, & Berman, 1996</json:string>
<json:string>Gardner, 2000a</json:string>
<json:string>1997,1999</json:string>
<json:string>Estes & Hoffstetter, 1976</json:string>
<json:string>Bolt, 1977: 242</json:string>
<json:string>see Milner, 1988</json:string>
<json:string>Jenkins & Walsh, 1993</json:string>
<json:string>Langston & Olson, 1986</json:string>
<json:string>Bolt, 1977, 1980</json:string>
<json:string>Marcus et al. (1935)</json:string>
<json:string>see Gamble, 1922</json:string>
<json:string>sensu Taylor, 1977</json:string>
<json:string>Schultze, 1970</json:string>
<json:string>Cannatella, 1985</json:string>
<json:string>Kriwet, Rauhut & Gloy, 1997</json:string>
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<json:string>Cannatella & Hillis, 1993</json:string>
<json:string>Wilkinson et al., 1998</json:string>
<json:string>Nussbaum, 1977</json:string>
<json:string>Carroll & Holmes, 1980</json:string>
<json:string>W e b & Cloutier, 1991</json:string>
<json:string>Estes and Sanchiz (1982: 28)</json:string>
<json:string>Milner, 1980, 1996</json:string>
<json:string>Gans & Gorniak, 1982</json:string>
<json:string>Vorobyeva & Schultze, 1991</json:string>
<json:string>Sanchiz, 1998</json:string>
<json:string>see review by Olmstead & Palmer, 1994</json:string>
<json:string>Bemis et al., 1983</json:string>
<json:string>Marcus et al., 1935</json:string>
<json:string>McGowan & Evans, 1995</json:string>
<json:string>Milner, 1988, 1993a, 1994</json:string>
<json:string>Bremer, 1994</json:string>
<json:string>Norris & PHYLOGENY OF ALBANERPETONTID AMPHIBIANS Hughes, 1918</json:string>
<json:string>Nussbaum & Wilkinson, 1989</json:string>
<json:string>Werneburg, 1989</json:string>
<json:string>Boy, 1978</json:string>
<json:string>= Baphetidae Cope; sensu Milner, 1993a</json:string>
<json:string>Milner (1996)</json:string>
<json:string>Bolt, 1977</json:string>
<json:string>Gardner, 1999a, c, 2000c</json:string>
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<json:string>Fox & Naylor, 1982</json:string>
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<json:string>Estes & Reig, 1973</json:string>
<json:string>McCord (1999)</json:string>
<json:string>Peter, 1898</json:string>
<json:string>Bolt, 1977, 1979, 1991</json:string>
<json:string>Trueb & Cloutier, 1991: 241</json:string>
<json:string>McCord, 1999</json:string>
<json:string>Patchell & Shine, 1986</json:string>
<json:string>Marcus, Stimmelmayr & Porsch, 1935</json:string>
<json:string>Milner, 1983</json:string>
<json:string>Milner, 199313</json:string>
<json:string>Edwards, 1976</json:string>
<json:string>Gardner, 1999b</json:string>
<json:string>Larsen & Guthrie, 1975</json:string>
<json:string>sensu Milner, 1988</json:string>
<json:string>Holmes et al., 1998</json:string>
<json:string>McGowan (199813)</json:string>
<json:string>Nussbaum & Naylor, 1982</json:string>
<json:string>=‘Caudata’ o f Trueb & Cloutier, 1991</json:string>
<json:string>Bolt & Lombard, 1985</json:string>
<json:string>Milner, 1988</json:string>
<json:string>= premaxillary lateral process of Gardner, 1999a</json:string>
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<json:string>Godfrey, Fiorillo & Carroll, 1987</json:string>
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<json:string>Nussbaum (1977: 11)</json:string>
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<json:string>Nessov, 1988</json:string>
<json:string>Carroll et al., 1998</json:string>
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<json:string>Parker & Dunn, 1964</json:string>
<json:string>Hunt et al., 1996</json:string>
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<json:string>Russell (1998)</json:string>
<json:string>Donoghue et al., 1992</json:string>
<json:string>Naylor & Nussbaum, 1980</json:string>
<json:string>Norris & Hughes, 1918</json:string>
<json:string>Milner & Sequeira, 1994</json:string>
<json:string>Estes & Sanchiz, 1982</json:string>
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<json:string>Greven & Clemen, 1985</json:string>
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<json:string>De Beer, 1937</json:string>
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<json:string>Milner, 1988: 89</json:string>
<json:string>Duellman & Trueb, 1986</json:string>
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<json:string>Gardner, 2000b</json:string>
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<json:string>Savitzky, 1983</json:string>
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<json:string>Warren & Davey, 1992</json:string>
<json:string>Jupp & Warren, 1986</json:string>
<json:string>Elwood & Cundall, 1994</json:string>
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<json:string>Lehman, 1968</json:string>
<json:string>Laurin (1998a, b)</json:string>
<json:string>h e l l m a n & Trueb, 1986</json:string>
<json:string>sensu Schultze, 1970</json:string>
<json:string>Evans & Milner, 1996</json:string>
<json:string>Milner, 1993a</json:string>
<json:string>Moury, Curtis & Law, 1985</json:string>
<json:string>Hedges, Nussbaum & Maxson, 1993</json:string>
<json:string>Carroll, 1998: 205</json:string>
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<p>The Albanerpetontidae are Middle Jurassic‐Miocene amphibians that have variously been regarded as caudates (salamanders), a clade distinct from caudates, or incertae sedis lissamphibians. Here I test for monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae and examine the affinities of the group, within the framework of a more inclusive Temnospondyli, by performing a cladistic analysis using 59 informative characters scored for four non‐lissamphibian temnospondyl genera, stem‐ and crown‐clade caudates, salientians (frogs), gymnophionans (caecilians), and the two recognized albanerpetontid genera
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<p>The Albanerpetontidae are Middle Jurassic‐Miocene amphibians that have variously been regarded as caudates (salamanders), a clade distinct from caudates, or incertae sedis lissamphibians. Here I test for monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae and examine the affinities of the group, within the framework of a more inclusive Temnospondyli, by performing a cladistic analysis using 59 informative characters scored for four non‐lissamphibian temnospondyl genera, stem‐ and crown‐clade caudates, salientians (frogs), gymnophionans (caecilians), and the two recognized albanerpetontid genera
<i>Albanerpeton</i>
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. Monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae is corroborated. I interpret synapomorphies of the marginal teeth (non‐pedicellate; crowns chisel like, labiolingually compressed, with three mesiodistally aligned cuspules) in albanerpetontids as being associated with a shearing bite. Other synapomorphies evidently strengthened and increased the mobility of the skull, mandible, and cervical region for burrowing, feeding, or both. Nested sets of synapomorphies place the Albanerpetontidae within the Lissamphibia, as the sistertaxon of Caudata plus Salientia. None of the 17 characters previously advanced as albanerpetontid‐caudate synapomorphies convincingly places the Albanerpetontidae within the Caudata or allies the two groups as sistertaxa. Albanerpetontids are better interpreted not as aberrant caudates, but as a distinct clade of lissamphibians in which numerous apomorphies are superimposed upon an otherwise primitive lissamphibian body plan.</p>
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<title>Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia)</title>
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<title>Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia)</title>
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<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">JAMES D.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">GARDNER</namePart>
<affiliation>Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Box 7500, Drumheller Alberta TOJOYO, Canada</affiliation>
<affiliation>E-mail: james.gardne@gov.ab.ca</affiliation>
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<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001-03</dateIssued>
<edition>Received May 1999; accepted for publication April 2000</edition>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate>
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<abstract lang="en">The Albanerpetontidae are Middle Jurassic‐Miocene amphibians that have variously been regarded as caudates (salamanders), a clade distinct from caudates, or incertae sedis lissamphibians. Here I test for monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae and examine the affinities of the group, within the framework of a more inclusive Temnospondyli, by performing a cladistic analysis using 59 informative characters scored for four non‐lissamphibian temnospondyl genera, stem‐ and crown‐clade caudates, salientians (frogs), gymnophionans (caecilians), and the two recognized albanerpetontid genera Albanerpeton and Celtedens. Monophyly of the Albanerpetontidae is corroborated. I interpret synapomorphies of the marginal teeth (non‐pedicellate; crowns chisel like, labiolingually compressed, with three mesiodistally aligned cuspules) in albanerpetontids as being associated with a shearing bite. Other synapomorphies evidently strengthened and increased the mobility of the skull, mandible, and cervical region for burrowing, feeding, or both. Nested sets of synapomorphies place the Albanerpetontidae within the Lissamphibia, as the sistertaxon of Caudata plus Salientia. None of the 17 characters previously advanced as albanerpetontid‐caudate synapomorphies convincingly places the Albanerpetontidae within the Caudata or allies the two groups as sistertaxa. Albanerpetontids are better interpreted not as aberrant caudates, but as a distinct clade of lissamphibians in which numerous apomorphies are superimposed upon an otherwise primitive lissamphibian body plan.</abstract>
<subject lang="en">
<genre>keywords</genre>
<topic>Albanerpeton</topic>
<topic>Albanerpetontidae</topic>
<topic>Celtedens</topic>
<topic>Lissamphibia</topic>
<topic>osteology</topic>
<topic>phylogeny</topic>
<topic>teeth</topic>
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<title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</title>
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<identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1096-3642</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1096-3642</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">ZOJ</identifier>
<part>
<date>2001</date>
<detail type="volume">
<caption>vol.</caption>
<number>131</number>
</detail>
<detail type="issue">
<caption>no.</caption>
<number>3</number>
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<extent unit="pages">
<start>309</start>
<end>352</end>
<total>44</total>
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<identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-7GCK16CF-S</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb02240.x</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">ZOJ309</identifier>
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