Bone response to physical‐vapour‐deposited titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants
Identifieur interne : 001921 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001920; suivant : 001922Bone response to physical‐vapour‐deposited titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants
Auteurs : Ahmed M. Ballo ; Dorota Bjöörn ; Maria Strand ; Anders Palmquist ; Jukka Lausmaa ; Peter ThomsenSource :
- Clinical Oral Implants Research [ 0905-7161 ] ; 2013-09.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Anatase, Anatase phase, Anders palmquist, Ballo, Bioactive, Biological performance, Biomaterials, Biomedical, Biomedical materials research, Bone apposition, Bone area, Bone formation, Bone fragments, Bone response, Cell therapy, Chemical composition, Clear difference, Clin, Clinical sciences, Coating deposition, Coating thickness, Crystal structure, Crystalline phases, Dental implant surfaces, Different implant groups, Different thicknesses, Different tio2 coatings, Diffraction patterns, Dioxide, Direct contact, Friedman test, Gothenburg, Grain size, Ground histological section, Ground sections, Higher degree, Impl, Implant, Implant coatings, Implant osseointegration, Implant surface, Implant surfaces, Implantation, John wiley sons, John wiley sons ballo, Johnson johnson, Large lacunae, Lausmaa, Light microscopy, Long plane distances, Machined, Machined implants, Machined surface, Machined titanium, Machined titanium implants, Maria astrand, Materials science, Mature lamellar bone, Micron scale, Morphology, Nano scale, Osseointegration, Oxide, Oxide thickness, Rank test, Rutile, Sahlgrenska academy, Scanning electron microscopy, Similar surface morphology, Small amount, Standard deviations, Surface characterization, Surface oxide, Surface oxide layer, Surface oxide thickness, Surface properties, Surface roughness, Surface types, Thick coating, Thicker coating, Thin coating, Thin tio2 coating, Thomsen, Time point, Tio2, Tio2 coatings, Tissue response, Titania, Titania coatings, Titanium, Titanium dioxide coatings, Titanium implant surface, Titanium implants, Vinn excellence center, Vivo studies.
- Teeft :
- Anatase, Anatase phase, Anders palmquist, Ballo, Bioactive, Biological performance, Biomaterials, Biomedical, Biomedical materials research, Bone apposition, Bone area, Bone formation, Bone fragments, Bone response, Cell therapy, Chemical composition, Clear difference, Clin, Clinical sciences, Coating deposition, Coating thickness, Crystal structure, Crystalline phases, Dental implant surfaces, Different implant groups, Different thicknesses, Different tio2 coatings, Diffraction patterns, Dioxide, Direct contact, Friedman test, Gothenburg, Grain size, Ground histological section, Ground sections, Higher degree, Impl, Implant, Implant coatings, Implant osseointegration, Implant surface, Implant surfaces, Implantation, John wiley sons, John wiley sons ballo, Johnson johnson, Large lacunae, Lausmaa, Light microscopy, Long plane distances, Machined, Machined implants, Machined surface, Machined titanium, Machined titanium implants, Maria astrand, Materials science, Mature lamellar bone, Micron scale, Morphology, Nano scale, Osseointegration, Oxide, Oxide thickness, Rank test, Rutile, Sahlgrenska academy, Scanning electron microscopy, Similar surface morphology, Small amount, Standard deviations, Surface characterization, Surface oxide, Surface oxide layer, Surface oxide thickness, Surface properties, Surface roughness, Surface types, Thick coating, Thicker coating, Thin coating, Thin tio2 coating, Thomsen, Time point, Tio2, Tio2 coatings, Tissue response, Titania, Titania coatings, Titanium, Titanium dioxide coatings, Titanium implant surface, Titanium implants, Vinn excellence center, Vivo studies.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between coating thickness and the crystal structure of physical‐vapour‐deposited (PVD) titanium dioxide coatings, and to evaluate their in vivo biocompatibility.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02509.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:338523DF86EF8A7A89D93A5D194DF435C2EF5DCFLe document en format XML
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Ballo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical SciencesThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburg, SwedenTel.: +46 31 786 2898Fax: +46 78 629 41e‐mail:</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: ahmed.ballo@gu.se</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bjoorn, Dorota" sort="Bjoorn, Dorota" uniqKey="Bjoorn D" first="Dorota" last="Bjöörn">Dorota Bjöörn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sandvik Tooling R&D Materials and Processes, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey=" Strand, Maria" sort=" Strand, Maria" uniqKey=" Strand M" first="Maria" last=" Strand">Maria Strand</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sandvik Tooling R&D Materials and Processes, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmquist, Anders" sort="Palmquist, Anders" uniqKey="Palmquist A" first="Anders" last="Palmquist">Anders Palmquist</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lausmaa, Jukka" sort="Lausmaa, Jukka" uniqKey="Lausmaa J" first="Jukka" last="Lausmaa">Jukka Lausmaa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomsen, Peter" sort="Thomsen, Peter" uniqKey="Thomsen P" first="Peter" last="Thomsen">Peter Thomsen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:338523DF86EF8A7A89D93A5D194DF435C2EF5DCF</idno><date when="2013" year="2013">2013</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02509.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/338523DF86EF8A7A89D93A5D194DF435C2EF5DCF/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001921</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001921</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Bone response to physical‐vapour‐deposited titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants</title><author><name sortKey="Ballo, Ahmed M" sort="Ballo, Ahmed M" uniqKey="Ballo A" first="Ahmed M." last="Ballo">Ahmed M. Ballo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical SciencesThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburg, SwedenTel.: +46 31 786 2898Fax: +46 78 629 41e‐mail:</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: ahmed.ballo@gu.se</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bjoorn, Dorota" sort="Bjoorn, Dorota" uniqKey="Bjoorn D" first="Dorota" last="Bjöörn">Dorota Bjöörn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sandvik Tooling R&D Materials and Processes, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>BIOMATCELL, 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Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Clinical Oral Implants Research</title><title level="j" type="alt">CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH</title><idno type="ISSN">0905-7161</idno><idno type="eISSN">1600-0501</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">24</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1009">1009</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1017">1017</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><date type="published" when="2013-09">2013-09</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0905-7161</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0905-7161</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Anatase</term><term>Anatase phase</term><term>Anders palmquist</term><term>Ballo</term><term>Bioactive</term><term>Biological performance</term><term>Biomaterials</term><term>Biomedical</term><term>Biomedical materials research</term><term>Bone apposition</term><term>Bone area</term><term>Bone formation</term><term>Bone fragments</term><term>Bone response</term><term>Cell therapy</term><term>Chemical composition</term><term>Clear difference</term><term>Clin</term><term>Clinical sciences</term><term>Coating deposition</term><term>Coating thickness</term><term>Crystal structure</term><term>Crystalline phases</term><term>Dental implant surfaces</term><term>Different implant groups</term><term>Different thicknesses</term><term>Different tio2 coatings</term><term>Diffraction patterns</term><term>Dioxide</term><term>Direct contact</term><term>Friedman test</term><term>Gothenburg</term><term>Grain size</term><term>Ground histological section</term><term>Ground sections</term><term>Higher degree</term><term>Impl</term><term>Implant</term><term>Implant coatings</term><term>Implant osseointegration</term><term>Implant surface</term><term>Implant surfaces</term><term>Implantation</term><term>John wiley 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difference</term><term>Clin</term><term>Clinical sciences</term><term>Coating deposition</term><term>Coating thickness</term><term>Crystal structure</term><term>Crystalline phases</term><term>Dental implant surfaces</term><term>Different implant groups</term><term>Different thicknesses</term><term>Different tio2 coatings</term><term>Diffraction patterns</term><term>Dioxide</term><term>Direct contact</term><term>Friedman test</term><term>Gothenburg</term><term>Grain size</term><term>Ground histological section</term><term>Ground sections</term><term>Higher degree</term><term>Impl</term><term>Implant</term><term>Implant coatings</term><term>Implant osseointegration</term><term>Implant surface</term><term>Implant surfaces</term><term>Implantation</term><term>John wiley sons</term><term>John wiley sons ballo</term><term>Johnson johnson</term><term>Large lacunae</term><term>Lausmaa</term><term>Light microscopy</term><term>Long plane distances</term><term>Machined</term><term>Machined implants</term><term>Machined surface</term><term>Machined titanium</term><term>Machined titanium implants</term><term>Maria astrand</term><term>Materials science</term><term>Mature lamellar bone</term><term>Micron scale</term><term>Morphology</term><term>Nano scale</term><term>Osseointegration</term><term>Oxide</term><term>Oxide thickness</term><term>Rank test</term><term>Rutile</term><term>Sahlgrenska academy</term><term>Scanning electron microscopy</term><term>Similar surface morphology</term><term>Small amount</term><term>Standard deviations</term><term>Surface characterization</term><term>Surface oxide</term><term>Surface oxide layer</term><term>Surface oxide thickness</term><term>Surface properties</term><term>Surface roughness</term><term>Surface types</term><term>Thick coating</term><term>Thicker coating</term><term>Thin coating</term><term>Thin tio2 coating</term><term>Thomsen</term><term>Time point</term><term>Tio2</term><term>Tio2 coatings</term><term>Tissue response</term><term>Titania</term><term>Titania coatings</term><term>Titanium</term><term>Titanium dioxide coatings</term><term>Titanium implant surface</term><term>Titanium implants</term><term>Vinn excellence center</term><term>Vivo studies</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between coating thickness and the crystal structure of physical‐vapour‐deposited (PVD) titanium dioxide coatings, and to evaluate their in vivo biocompatibility.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>implant</json:string><json:string>tio2</json:string><json:string>anatase</json:string><json:string>ballo</json:string><json:string>machined</json:string><json:string>titanium</json:string><json:string>rutile</json:string><json:string>titanium implants</json:string><json:string>titania</json:string><json:string>bone response</json:string><json:string>biomedical 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bone</json:string><json:string>sahlgrenska academy</json:string><json:string>thin tio2 coating</json:string><json:string>different implant groups</json:string><json:string>surface oxide</json:string><json:string>anatase phase</json:string><json:string>surface oxide thickness</json:string><json:string>surface properties</json:string><json:string>different thicknesses</json:string><json:string>machined implants</json:string><json:string>implant osseointegration</json:string><json:string>grain size</json:string><json:string>dental implant surfaces</json:string><json:string>clinical sciences</json:string><json:string>friedman test</json:string><json:string>dioxide</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Ahmed M. Ballo</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</json:string><json:string>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</json:string><json:string>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical SciencesThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburg, SwedenTel.: +46 31 786 2898Fax: +46 78 629 41e‐mail:</json:string><json:string>E-mail: ahmed.ballo@gu.se</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dorota Bjöörn</name><affiliations><json:string>Sandvik Tooling R&D Materials and Processes, Stockholm, Sweden</json:string><json:string>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Maria Åstrand</name><affiliations><json:string>Sandvik Tooling R&D Materials and Processes, Stockholm, Sweden</json:string><json:string>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Anders Palmquist</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</json:string><json:string>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jukka Lausmaa</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden</json:string><json:string>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Peter Thomsen</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</json:string><json:string>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>implant</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>in vivo</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>osseointegration</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>surface coating</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>surface modification</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>titanium dioxide</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>CLR2509</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-C3XSF1D2-V</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between coating thickness and the crystal structure of physical‐vapour‐deposited (PVD) titanium dioxide coatings, and to evaluate their in vivo biocompatibility.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.36</score><pdfWordCount>5142</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>32620</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.7</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>9</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>30</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>218</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>6</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Bone response to physical‐vapour‐deposited titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants</title><pmid><json:string>22697421</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Clinical Oral Implants Research</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0501</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>0905-7161</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1600-0501</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>CLR</json:string></publisherId><volume>24</volume><issue>9</issue><pages><first>1009</first><last>1017</last><total>9</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Original Research</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2012-05-12</json:string><json:string>1400</json:string><json:string>1430</json:string><json:string>1013</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>VINN Excellence Center</json:string><json:string>SPSS Inc., Chicago</json:string><json:string>University of Gothenburg</json:string><json:string>Nikon, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan</json:string><json:string>London Resin Company Ltd.</json:string><json:string>Institute of Sweden, Boras, Sweden</json:string><json:string>Sweden Jukka Lausmaa, Department of Chemistry and Materials</json:string><json:string>Sweden Bone</json:string><json:string>Leo Electron Microscopy Ltd, Cambridge, UK</json:string><json:string>JEOL Inc.,Tokyo, Japan</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Leo Ultra</json:string><json:string>Anders Palmquist</json:string><json:string>John Wiley</json:string><json:string>Birgitta Norlindh</json:string><json:string>Ahmed M. Ballo</json:string><json:string>Lena Emanuelsson</json:string><json:string>Peter Thomsen</json:string><json:string>Maria Astrand</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Karlsruhe</json:string><json:string>Berkshire</json:string><json:string>Germany</json:string><json:string>UK</json:string><json:string>Malta</json:string><json:string>Gothenburg</json:string><json:string>Eindhoven</json:string><json:string>Manchester</json:string><json:string>Stockholm</json:string><json:string>Sweden</json:string><json:string>Netherlands</json:string><json:string>Osaka</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Li et al. 2004</json:string><json:string>Ballo et al</json:string><json:string>He et al. 2008</json:string><json:string>Tsyganov et al. 2003</json:string><json:string>Ballo et al. 2011</json:string><json:string>Rossi et al. 2007</json:string><json:string>Wang et al. 2000</json:string><json:string>Zhou et al. 2007</json:string><json:string>Genvad 2008</json:string><json:string>Jarmar et al. 2008</json:string><json:string>Lausmaa 1991</json:string><json:string>Larsson et al. 1996</json:string><json:string>Todisco & Trisi 2006</json:string><json:string>Hacking et al. 2007</json:string><json:string>Li & De Groot 1994</json:string><json:string>de Groot et al. 1987</json:string><json:string>Li et al. 2002</json:string><json:string>Forberg 1986</json:string><json:string>Wennerberg & Albrektsson 2009</json:string><json:string>Veltri et al. 2010</json:string><json:string>Kokubo 2005</json:string><json:string>Wisbey et al. 1991</json:string><json:string>Wang et al. 2002</json:string><json:string>Bjursten et al. 2010</json:string><json:string>Sollazzo et al. 2007</json:string><json:string>Hanawa et al. 1997</json:string><json:string>Groessner-Schreiber & Tuan 1992</json:string><json:string>Yu et al. 2010</json:string><json:string>Brunette et al. 2001</json:string><json:string>Uchida et al. 2003</json:string><json:string>Kim 2003</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-C3XSF1D2-V</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - engineering, biomedical</json:string><json:string>2 - dentistry, oral surgery & medicine</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - clinical medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - dentistry</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Dentistry</json:string><json:string>3 - Oral Surgery</json:string></scopus></categories><publicationDate>2013</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2013</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02509.x</json:string></doi><id>338523DF86EF8A7A89D93A5D194DF435C2EF5DCF</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/338523DF86EF8A7A89D93A5D194DF435C2EF5DCF/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/338523DF86EF8A7A89D93A5D194DF435C2EF5DCF/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/338523DF86EF8A7A89D93A5D194DF435C2EF5DCF/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Bone response to physical‐vapour‐deposited titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><licence>© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2013-09"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Bone response to physical‐vapour‐deposited titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants</title><author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Ahmed M.</forename><surname>Ballo</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Biomaterials</orgName><orgName>Institute for Clinical Sciences</orgName><orgName>The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Gothenburg</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>BIOMATCELL</orgName><orgName>VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Gothenburg</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Corresponding author: Ahmed M. Ballo Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden Tel.: +46 31 786 2898 Fax: +46 78 629 41 e‐mail: ahmed.ballo@gu.se</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Dorota</forename><surname>Bjöörn</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Sandvik Tooling R&D Materials and Processes</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>BIOMATCELL</orgName><orgName>VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Gothenburg</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Maria</forename><surname>Åstrand</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Sandvik Tooling R&D Materials and Processes</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>BIOMATCELL</orgName><orgName>VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Gothenburg</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Anders</forename><surname>Palmquist</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Biomaterials</orgName><orgName>Institute for Clinical Sciences</orgName><orgName>The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Gothenburg</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>BIOMATCELL</orgName><orgName>VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Gothenburg</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Jukka</forename><surname>Lausmaa</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology</orgName><orgName>SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Borås</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>BIOMATCELL</orgName><orgName>VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Gothenburg</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Peter</forename><surname>Thomsen</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Biomaterials</orgName><orgName>Institute for Clinical Sciences</orgName><orgName>The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Gothenburg</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>BIOMATCELL</orgName><orgName>VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Gothenburg</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">338523DF86EF8A7A89D93A5D194DF435C2EF5DCF</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-C3XSF1D2-V</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02509.x</idno><idno type="unit">CLR2509</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:CLR.CLR2509.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Clinical Oral Implants Research</title><title level="j" type="alt">CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH</title><idno type="pISSN">0905-7161</idno><idno type="eISSN">1600-0501</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0501</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/clr.2013.24.issue-9</idno><idno type="product">CLR</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">24</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1009">1009</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1017">1017</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">9</biblScope><date type="published" when="2013-09"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract style="main" xml:id="clr2509-abs-0001"><head>Abstract</head>
Objectives
<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between coating thickness and the crystal structure of physical‐vapour‐deposited (<hi rend="fc">PVD</hi>) titanium dioxide coatings, and to evaluate their <hi rend="italic">in vivo</hi> biocompatibility.</p>
Materials and methods
<p>The <hi rend="fc">PVD <hi rend="fr">TiO</hi></hi><hi rend="subscript">2</hi> coatings of different thickness were deposited on machined titanium grade 2 screw‐shaped implants. Non‐coated titanium implants were used as controls. Coating properties such as thickness, crystal structure, coating morphology and roughness were characterized.</p><p>Forty‐eight implants were placed randomly into both tibias of 16 rats. The animals were euthanized 7 and 28 days postsurgery and block biopsies were prepared for histology, histomorphometry and <hi rend="fc">SEM</hi> analysis.</p>
Results
<p>The thicknesses of the <hi rend="fc">PVD<hi rend="fr">TiO</hi></hi><hi rend="subscript">2</hi> coatings were 120 and 1430 nm respectively. Histologically, new bone formed on all implant surfaces. The mean percentage of newly formed bone in contact with the implant (<hi rend="fc">BIC</hi>) was significantly higher at early healing time (7 days) for the 120 nm thick <hi rend="fc">PVD</hi> coating (39 ± 14%) than for both the 1430 nm thick <hi rend="fc">PVD</hi> coating (22 ± 10%) (<hi rend="italic">P</hi> = 0.043) and the machined surface (22 ± 9%) (<hi rend="italic">P</hi> = 0.028). This difference was no longer evident after 28 days (<hi rend="italic">P</hi> = 0.867).</p>
Conclusion
<p>Bone formation and bone‐to‐implant contact are achieved to the same degree for <hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fr">TiO</hi></hi><hi rend="subscript">2</hi> surface modifications prepared by a <hi rend="fc">PVD</hi> process as clinically used, machined titanium. Furthermore, a relatively thinner <hi rend="fc">PVD</hi> coating promotes a higher degree of bone apposition shortly after implantation, thereby providing rationales for exploring the potential clinical use of these modifications.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0001">implant</term><term xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0002"><hi rend="italic">in vivo</hi></term><term xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0003">osseointegration</term><term xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0004">surface coating</term><term xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0005">surface modification</term><term xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0006">titanium dioxide</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Original Research</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Original Articles</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/338523DF86EF8A7A89D93A5D194DF435C2EF5DCF/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="clr2509" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0501</doi><issn type="print">0905-7161</issn><issn type="electronic">1600-0501</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="CLR"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH" type="main">Clinical Oral Implants Research</title><title type="short">Clin. Oral. Impl. Res.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="90"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/clr.2013.24.issue-9</doi><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="24">24</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">9</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2013-09">September 2013</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="80" status="forIssue" type="article"><doi>10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02509.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="CLR2509"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count number="9" type="pageTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Original Research</title><title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S</copyright><eventGroup><event date="2012-04-28" type="manuscriptAccepted"></event><event agent="SPS" date="2012-05-12" type="xmlCreated"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2012-06-15"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2012-06-15"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2013-07-25"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-12"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.6.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-10-03"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">1009</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">1017</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><lineatedText><line><b>Corresponding author:</b></line><line><i>Ahmed M. Ballo</i></line><line>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences</line><line>The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg</line><line>Gothenburg, Sweden</line><line>Tel.: +46 31 786 2898</line><line>Fax: +46 78 629 41</line><line>e‐mail: <email>ahmed.ballo@gu.se</email></line></lineatedText></correspondenceTo><selfCitationGroup><citation type="self" xml:id="clr2509-cit-0031">Ballo AM, Bjöörn D, Åstrand M, Palmquist A, Lausmaa J, Thomsen P. Bone response to PVD titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants. <i>Clin. Oral Impl. Res</i>. <b>24</b>, 2013, 1009-1017. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02509.x</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:CLR.CLR2509.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">Bone response to physical‐vapour‐deposited titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants</title><title type="shortAuthors">Ballo et al</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#clr2509-aff-0001 #clr2509-aff-0004" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="clr2509-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Ahmed M.</givenNames> <familyName>Ballo</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#clr2509-aff-0002 #clr2509-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="clr2509-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>Dorota</givenNames> <familyName>Bjöörn</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#clr2509-aff-0002 #clr2509-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="clr2509-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>Maria</givenNames> <familyName>Åstrand</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#clr2509-aff-0001 #clr2509-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="clr2509-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>Anders</givenNames> <familyName>Palmquist</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#clr2509-aff-0003 #clr2509-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="clr2509-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>Jukka</givenNames> <familyName>Lausmaa</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#clr2509-aff-0001 #clr2509-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="clr2509-cr-0006"><personName><givenNames>Peter</givenNames> <familyName>Thomsen</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="SE" type="organization" xml:id="clr2509-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Department of Biomaterials</orgDiv> <orgDiv>Institute for Clinical Sciences</orgDiv> <orgName>The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg</orgName> <address><city>Gothenburg</city> <country>Sweden</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="SE" type="organization" xml:id="clr2509-aff-0002"><orgName>Sandvik Tooling R&D Materials and Processes</orgName> <address><city>Stockholm</city> <country>Sweden</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="SE" type="organization" xml:id="clr2509-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology</orgDiv> <orgName>SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden</orgName> <address><city>Borås</city> <country>Sweden</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="SE" type="organization" xml:id="clr2509-aff-0004"><orgDiv>BIOMATCELL</orgDiv> <orgName>VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy</orgName> <address><city>Gothenburg</city> <country>Sweden</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0001">implant</keyword><keyword xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0002"><i>in vivo</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0003">osseointegration</keyword><keyword xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0004">surface coating</keyword><keyword xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0005">surface modification</keyword><keyword xml:id="clr2509-kwd-0006">titanium dioxide</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Swedish Research Council</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>K2012‐52X‐09495‐25‐3</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:id="clr2509-abs-0001"><title type="main">Abstract</title><section xml:id="clr2509-sec-0001"><title type="main">Objectives</title><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between coating thickness and the crystal structure of physical‐vapour‐deposited (<fc>PVD</fc>) titanium dioxide coatings, and to evaluate their <i>in vivo</i> biocompatibility.</p></section><section xml:id="clr2509-sec-0002"><title type="main">Materials and methods</title><p>The <fc>PVD <fr>TiO</fr></fc><sub>2</sub> coatings of different thickness were deposited on machined titanium grade 2 screw‐shaped implants. Non‐coated titanium implants were used as controls. Coating properties such as thickness, crystal structure, coating morphology and roughness were characterized.</p><p>Forty‐eight implants were placed randomly into both tibias of 16 rats. The animals were euthanized 7 and 28 days postsurgery and block biopsies were prepared for histology, histomorphometry and <fc>SEM</fc> analysis.</p></section><section xml:id="clr2509-sec-0003"><title type="main">Results</title><p>The thicknesses of the <fc>PVD<fr>TiO</fr></fc><sub>2</sub> coatings were 120 and 1430 nm respectively. Histologically, new bone formed on all implant surfaces. The mean percentage of newly formed bone in contact with the implant (<fc>BIC</fc>) was significantly higher at early healing time (7 days) for the 120 nm thick <fc>PVD</fc> coating (39 ± 14%) than for both the 1430 nm thick <fc>PVD</fc> coating (22 ± 10%) (<i>P</i> = 0.043) and the machined surface (22 ± 9%) (<i>P</i> = 0.028). This difference was no longer evident after 28 days (<i>P</i> = 0.867).</p></section><section xml:id="clr2509-sec-0004"><title type="main">Conclusion</title><p>Bone formation and bone‐to‐implant contact are achieved to the same degree for <fc><fr>TiO</fr></fc><sub>2</sub> surface modifications prepared by a <fc>PVD</fc> process as clinically used, machined titanium. Furthermore, a relatively thinner <fc>PVD</fc> coating promotes a higher degree of bone apposition shortly after implantation, thereby providing rationales for exploring the potential clinical use of these modifications.</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Bone response to physical‐vapour‐deposited titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Bone response to physical‐vapour‐deposited titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ahmed M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ballo</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</affiliation><affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical SciencesThe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburg, SwedenTel.: +46 31 786 2898Fax: +46 78 629 41e‐mail:</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: ahmed.ballo@gu.se</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dorota</namePart><namePart type="family">Bjöörn</namePart><affiliation>Sandvik Tooling R&D Materials and Processes, Stockholm, Sweden</affiliation><affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maria</namePart><namePart type="family">Åstrand</namePart><affiliation>Sandvik Tooling R&D Materials and Processes, Stockholm, Sweden</affiliation><affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anders</namePart><namePart type="family">Palmquist</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</affiliation><affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jukka</namePart><namePart type="family">Lausmaa</namePart><affiliation>Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden</affiliation><affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Thomsen</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</affiliation><affiliation>BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Gothenburg, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013-09</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2012-05-12</dateCreated><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2012-04-28</dateValid><edition>Ballo AM, Bjöörn D, Åstrand M, Palmquist A, Lausmaa J, Thomsen P. Bone response to PVD titanium dioxide coatings on titanium implants. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 24, 2013, 1009-1017. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02509.x</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2013</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract>The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between coating thickness and the crystal structure of physical‐vapour‐deposited (PVD) titanium dioxide coatings, and to evaluate their in vivo biocompatibility.</abstract><abstract>The PVD TiO 2 coatings of different thickness were deposited on machined titanium grade 2 screw‐shaped implants. Non‐coated titanium implants were used as controls. Coating properties such as thickness, crystal structure, coating morphology and roughness were characterized. Forty‐eight implants were placed randomly into both tibias of 16 rats. The animals were euthanized 7 and 28 days postsurgery and block biopsies were prepared for histology, histomorphometry and SEM analysis.</abstract><abstract>The thicknesses of the PVDTiO 2 coatings were 120 and 1430 nm respectively. Histologically, new bone formed on all implant surfaces. The mean percentage of newly formed bone in contact with the implant (BIC) was significantly higher at early healing time (7 days) for the 120 nm thick PVD coating (39 ± 14%) than for both the 1430 nm thick PVD coating (22 ± 10%) (P = 0.043) and the machined surface (22 ± 9%) (P = 0.028). This difference was no longer evident after 28 days (P = 0.867).</abstract><abstract>Bone formation and bone‐to‐implant contact are achieved to the same degree for TiO 2 surface modifications prepared by a PVD process as clinically used, machined titanium. Furthermore, a relatively thinner PVD coating promotes a higher degree of bone apposition shortly after implantation, thereby providing rationales for exploring the potential clinical use of these modifications.</abstract><note type="funding">BIOMATCELL, VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy</note><note type="funding">Swedish Research Council - No. K2012‐52X‐09495‐25‐3; </note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>implant</topic><topic>in vivo</topic><topic>osseointegration</topic><topic>surface coating</topic><topic>surface modification</topic><topic>titanium dioxide</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Clinical Oral Implants Research</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Clin. Oral. Impl. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Original Research</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0905-7161</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1600-0501</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0501</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">CLR</identifier><part><date>2013</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1009</start><end>1017</end><total>9</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">338523DF86EF8A7A89D93A5D194DF435C2EF5DCF</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-C3XSF1D2-V</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02509.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">CLR2509</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. 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