Effect of weight change of mandibular complete dentures on chewing and stability: A pilot study
Identifieur interne : 001750 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001749; suivant : 001751Effect of weight change of mandibular complete dentures on chewing and stability: A pilot study
Auteurs : Chikahiro Ohkubo ; Toshio HosoiSource :
- The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry [ 0022-3913 ] ; 1999.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Average variation, Complete denture, Complete dentures, Dentistry, Denture, Denture base, Denture retention, Denture stability, Denture vibration, Denture weight, Experimental denture, Gumi candy, Heavy denture, Heavy dentures, Hosoi, Implant, Light denture, Light dentures, Mandibular, Mandibular denture, Marginal discrepancy, Masticatory, Masticatory movements, Ohkubo, Prosthet, Prosthet dent, Prosthetic, Prosthodont, Weight change, Weighted denture, Weighted dentures.
- Teeft :
- Average variation, Complete denture, Complete dentures, Dentistry, Denture, Denture base, Denture retention, Denture stability, Denture vibration, Denture weight, Experimental denture, Gumi candy, Heavy denture, Heavy dentures, Hosoi, Implant, Light denture, Light dentures, Mandibular, Mandibular denture, Marginal discrepancy, Masticatory, Masticatory movements, Ohkubo, Prosthet, Prosthet dent, Prosthetic, Prosthodont, Weight change, Weighted denture, Weighted dentures.
Abstract
Abstract: Statement Of Problem. Little is known as to whether denture weight contributes to the retention and stability of mandibular complete denture. Purpose. This study compared the jaw movements and denture retention, stability, and comfort of heavy and light weight mandibular complete dentures. Material And Methods. Mandibular complete dentures of 12 subjects were duplicated using an autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. The heavy weight denture was set with weights (20 or 60 g) and the lightweight denture was packed with wax instead of weights. Masticatory movements (3 times each) and denture stability (5 times each) were measured. The subjects expressed their denture preference for comfort and chewing. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests at significance level of α=.10. Results. Masticatory movements and denture retention were not significantly (P >.10) affected by increasing the weight. Five subjects preferred the heavy denture and 4 subjects preferred light denture for comfort; 3 subjects had no preference. Conclusion. The weight of a well-fitting mandibular complete denture did not affect jaw movements, denture stability, or patient preference. (J Prosthet Dent 1999;82:636-42.)
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3913(99)70004-1
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:3000F6E60E84F77D3BAFCC7B9F7EBDDC3E7D0F13Le document en format XML
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and Assistant Professor, Department of Biomaterials Science, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, Texas</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hosoi, Toshio" sort="Hosoi, Toshio" uniqKey="Hosoi T" first="Toshio" last="Hosoi">Toshio Hosoi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Professor and Chair, Department of Removable Prosthodontics</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">YMPR</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3913</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999">1999</date><biblScope unit="volume">82</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="636">636</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="642">642</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-3913</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-3913</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Average variation</term><term>Complete denture</term><term>Complete dentures</term><term>Dentistry</term><term>Denture</term><term>Denture base</term><term>Denture retention</term><term>Denture stability</term><term>Denture vibration</term><term>Denture weight</term><term>Experimental denture</term><term>Gumi candy</term><term>Heavy denture</term><term>Heavy dentures</term><term>Hosoi</term><term>Implant</term><term>Light denture</term><term>Light dentures</term><term>Mandibular</term><term>Mandibular denture</term><term>Marginal discrepancy</term><term>Masticatory</term><term>Masticatory movements</term><term>Ohkubo</term><term>Prosthet</term><term>Prosthet dent</term><term>Prosthetic</term><term>Prosthodont</term><term>Weight change</term><term>Weighted denture</term><term>Weighted dentures</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Average variation</term><term>Complete denture</term><term>Complete dentures</term><term>Dentistry</term><term>Denture</term><term>Denture base</term><term>Denture retention</term><term>Denture stability</term><term>Denture vibration</term><term>Denture weight</term><term>Experimental denture</term><term>Gumi candy</term><term>Heavy denture</term><term>Heavy dentures</term><term>Hosoi</term><term>Implant</term><term>Light denture</term><term>Light dentures</term><term>Mandibular</term><term>Mandibular denture</term><term>Marginal discrepancy</term><term>Masticatory</term><term>Masticatory movements</term><term>Ohkubo</term><term>Prosthet</term><term>Prosthet dent</term><term>Prosthetic</term><term>Prosthodont</term><term>Weight change</term><term>Weighted denture</term><term>Weighted dentures</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Statement Of Problem. Little is known as to whether denture weight contributes to the retention and stability of mandibular complete denture. Purpose. This study compared the jaw movements and denture retention, stability, and comfort of heavy and light weight mandibular complete dentures. Material And Methods. Mandibular complete dentures of 12 subjects were duplicated using an autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. The heavy weight denture was set with weights (20 or 60 g) and the lightweight denture was packed with wax instead of weights. Masticatory movements (3 times each) and denture stability (5 times each) were measured. The subjects expressed their denture preference for comfort and chewing. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests at significance level of α=.10. Results. Masticatory movements and denture retention were not significantly (P >.10) affected by increasing the weight. Five subjects preferred the heavy denture and 4 subjects preferred light denture for comfort; 3 subjects had no preference. Conclusion. The weight of a well-fitting mandibular complete denture did not affect jaw movements, denture stability, or patient preference. 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Little is known as to whether denture weight contributes to the retention and stability of mandibular complete denture. Purpose. This study compared the jaw movements and denture retention, stability, and comfort of heavy and light weight mandibular complete dentures. Material And Methods. Mandibular complete dentures of 12 subjects were duplicated using an autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. The heavy weight denture was set with weights (20 or 60 g) and the lightweight denture was packed with wax instead of weights. Masticatory movements (3 times each) and denture stability (5 times each) were measured. The subjects expressed their denture preference for comfort and chewing. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests at significance level of α=.10. Results. Masticatory movements and denture retention were not significantly (P >.10) affected by increasing the weight. Five subjects preferred the heavy denture and 4 subjects preferred light denture for comfort; 3 subjects had no preference. Conclusion. The weight of a well-fitting mandibular complete denture did not affect jaw movements, denture stability, or patient preference. 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Little is known as to whether denture weight contributes to the retention and stability of mandibular complete denture. Purpose. This study compared the jaw movements and denture retention, stability, and comfort of heavy and light weight mandibular complete dentures. Material And Methods. Mandibular complete dentures of 12 subjects were duplicated using an autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. The heavy weight denture was set with weights (20 or 60 g) and the lightweight denture was packed with wax instead of weights. Masticatory movements (3 times each) and denture stability (5 times each) were measured. The subjects expressed their denture preference for comfort and chewing. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests at significance level of α=.10. Results. Masticatory movements and denture retention were not significantly (P >.10) affected by increasing the weight. Five subjects preferred the heavy denture and 4 subjects preferred light denture for comfort; 3 subjects had no preference. Conclusion. The weight of a well-fitting mandibular complete denture did not affect jaw movements, denture stability, or patient preference. (J Prosthet Dent 1999;82:636-42.)</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1999">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3000F6E60E84F77D3BAFCC7B9F7EBDDC3E7D0F13/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier doc found" wicri:toSee="Elsevier, no converted or simple article"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 5.0.1//EN//XML" URI="art501.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr5" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr5"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><article docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>YMPR</jid><aid>102548</aid><ce:pii>S0022-3913(99)70004-1</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0022-3913(99)70004-1</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="other" year="1999">Editorial Council of The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:article-footnote><ce:label>☆</ce:label><ce:note-para>Reprint requests to: DR CHIKAHIRO OHKUBO, DEPARTMENT OF REMOVABLE PROSTHODONTICS, TSURUMI UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DENTAL MEDICINE, 2-1-3 TSURUMI, TSURUMI-KU, YOKOHAMA 230-8501, JAPAN, FAX: (81)45-573-9599, <ce:inter-ref xlink:href="mailto:ohkubo@jade.dti.ne.jp">E-MAIL: ohkubo@jade.dti.ne.jp</ce:inter-ref></ce:note-para></ce:article-footnote><ce:article-footnote><ce:label>☆☆</ce:label><ce:note-para>0022-3913/99/$8.00 + 0. <ce:bold>10/1/102548</ce:bold></ce:note-para></ce:article-footnote><ce:title>Effect of weight change of mandibular complete dentures on chewing and stability: A pilot study</ce:title><ce:presented>This study was presented at the 96th Conference of the Japan Prosthodontic Society, Sapporo, Japan, November 1996.</ce:presented><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Chikahiro</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ohkubo</ce:surname><ce:degrees>DMD, PhD</ce:degrees><ce:cross-ref refid="aff1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="aff2"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Toshio</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hosoi</ce:surname><ce:degrees>DDS, PhD</ce:degrees><ce:cross-ref refid="aff1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="aff3"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="aff1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:textfn>Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="aff2"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Instructor, Department of Removable Prosthodontics; and Assistant Professor, Department of Biomaterials Science, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, Texas</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="aff3"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Professor and Chair, Department of Removable Prosthodontics</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para><ce:bold>Statement Of Problem.</ce:bold> Little is known as to whether denture weight contributes to the retention and stability of mandibular complete denture. <ce:bold>Purpose.</ce:bold> This study compared the jaw movements and denture retention, stability, and comfort of heavy and light weight mandibular complete dentures. <ce:bold>Material And Methods.</ce:bold> Mandibular complete dentures of 12 subjects were duplicated using an autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. The heavy weight denture was set with weights (20 or 60 g) and the lightweight denture was packed with wax instead of weights. Masticatory movements (3 times each) and denture stability (5 times each) were measured. The subjects expressed their denture preference for comfort and chewing. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests at significance level of α=.10. <ce:bold>Results.</ce:bold> Masticatory movements and denture retention were not significantly (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> >.10) affected by increasing the weight. Five subjects preferred the heavy denture and 4 subjects preferred light denture for comfort; 3 subjects had no preference. <ce:bold>Conclusion.</ce:bold> The weight of a well-fitting mandibular complete denture did not affect jaw movements, denture stability, or patient preference. (J Prosthet Dent 1999;82:636-42.)</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head><body><ce:sections><ce:para><ce:display><ce:textbox><ce:textbox-body><ce:sections><ce:para><ce:italic>The results of this study indicated that the use of a metal base to increase the weight of the mandibular denture may not affect its retention or stability.</ce:italic></ce:para></ce:sections></ce:textbox-body></ce:textbox></ce:display></ce:para><ce:para>For more than 150 years, it has been recognized that the weight of the denture contributes to both the retention and stability of mandibular complete dentures.<ce:cross-ref refid="bib1"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> When dentists did not have appropriate techniques for the fabrication of dentures, including adequate impression materials and/or casting techniques, they used various methods to stabilize the dentures.<ce:cross-ref refid="bib2"><ce:sup>2</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> For example, to enhance retention of a removable partial denture (RPD), before the advent of a clasp mechanism, the RPD was ligated to the patients remaining teeth by the use of gold wire ligatures.<ce:cross-ref refid="bib1"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> For edentulous patients, springs or magnetic inserts were relied on for application of repulsion forces.<ce:cross-ref refid="bib3"><ce:sup>3</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> By adding weight to a mandibular denture, retention was increased.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib4 bib5"><ce:sup>4,5</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> Reports have indicated that a complete denture containing lead alloy weighed approximately 3 ounces; however, patients were often dissatisfied because the gingival tissues were compressed by the weighted mandibular denture.<ce:cross-ref refid="bib1"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:para><ce:para>The weighted denture was described as “the denture made using special heavy materials for denture stability.”<ce:cross-ref refid="bib6"><ce:sup>6</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> Grunewald<ce:cross-ref refid="bib7"><ce:sup>7</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> recommended that the complete denture should have the same weight as the missing tissue and the weight of both the resorbed alveolar ridge and the missing teeth would amount to 40 to 50 g. Even today, a number of clinicians still recommend weighted mandibular dentures for the management of severely resorbed mandibular ridges.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib6 bib7 bib8 bib9"><ce:sup>6-9</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs></ce:para><ce:para>Almost all dentists have experienced the phenomenon, that a mobile mandibular denture may be kept in position by applying vertical finger pressure. Mandibular dentures could be weighted by adding 30 to 60 g using 2 methods.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib6 bib7"><ce:sup>6,7</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> The first method is to make the denture base of high specific-gravity material, such as gold, lead, tin, and heavy rubber.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib6 bib10 bib11"><ce:sup>6,10,11</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> The other method is to insert a casting alloy, such as, gold and/or cobalt-chromium alloys, or a mixture of silver alloy and mercury, into denture bases.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib6 bib7"><ce:sup>6,7</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> A conventional metal base denture also may be used as a weighted denture in the sense that metal is heavier than an acrylic resin.</ce:para><ce:para>Denture stability can usually be obtained without the addition of extra weight to the denture, simply by improving the fit of the denture base, and thus by creating an appropriate denture outline and occlusal relationship.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib12 bib13"><ce:sup>12,13</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> Yazaki<ce:cross-ref refid="bib11"><ce:sup>11</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> pointed out that the weighted denture method appears to require the least amount of clinical skills. Nakamura<ce:cross-ref refid="bib14"><ce:sup>14</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> also opposed the weighted denture method, and Holt<ce:cross-ref refid="bib15"><ce:sup>15</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> recommended that the excessive weight of an acrylic denture be reduced, with fabrication of a hollow mandibular denture for patients with a severely resorbed residual alveolar ridge. Some criticism also arose from the fact, that extra weight would cause accelerated resorption of the residual ridge.<ce:cross-ref refid="bib16"><ce:sup>16</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:para><ce:para>Various opinions still persist about the weighted denture; consequently, it is still apparent that the study of the effect of denture weight has been neglected for some time. A number of studies have been made on denture stability,<ce:cross-refs refid="bib17 bib18 bib19 bib20"><ce:sup>17-20</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> and patients’ satisfaction with dentures,<ce:cross-refs refid="bib21 bib22 bib23 bib24"><ce:sup>21-24</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> and to the several senses in the mouth,<ce:cross-refs refid="bib25 bib26 bib27 bib28"><ce:sup>25-28</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> but the issue of weight is still not well understood.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib29 bib30"><ce:sup>29,30</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> In addition, some patients prefer lightweight dentures to heavyweight for maxillary dentures. However, little is known about preferences for mandibular dentures. Moreover, the range of the weight threshold in the mouth also remains an unsettled question.</ce:para><ce:para>The aims of this pilot study were to determine the effect of mandibular denture weight on jaw movements and denture retention during chewing. Patients’ preferences in terms of comfort and chewing with different denture weights were also evaluated.</ce:para><ce:section><ce:section-title>MATERIAL AND METHODS</ce:section-title><ce:para>Ten edentulous subjects and 2 subjects with edentulous mandibles and maxillary mandibular overdentures, for a total of 12 subjects (7 men and 5 women) with different levels of ridge resorption were treated in the Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, and participated voluntarily (Table I).
<ce:display><ce:table colsep="0" rowsep="0" frame="topbot"><ce:label>Table I</ce:label><ce:caption><ce:simple-para>Characteristics of 12 subjects participating voluntarily in this study</ce:simple-para></ce:caption><tgroup cols="6"><colspec colname="col1" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col2" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col3" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col4" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col5" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col6" colsep="0"></colspec><thead><row><entry>Group</entry><entry align="center">Subject no.</entry><entry align="center">Gender and age (y)</entry><entry align="center">No. of years mandibular complete dentures worn</entry><entry align="center">Ridge resorption</entry><entry align="center">Maxillary arch</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>A</entry><entry align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">F 76</entry><entry align="center">14</entry><entry align="center">Severe</entry><entry align="center">Complete denture</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">M 70</entry><entry align="center">12</entry><entry align="center">Severe</entry><entry align="center">Complete denture</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">M 72</entry><entry align="center">17</entry><entry align="center">Moderate</entry><entry align="center">Complete denture</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry align="center">4</entry><entry align="center">F 74</entry><entry align="center">12</entry><entry align="center">Moderate</entry><entry align="center">Complete denture</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">F 64</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">Slight</entry><entry align="center">Complete denture</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">M 53</entry><entry align="center">4</entry><entry align="center">Slight</entry><entry align="center">Complete denture</entry></row><row><entry>B</entry><entry align="center">7</entry><entry align="center">M 67</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">Severe</entry><entry align="center">Complete denture</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">F 68</entry><entry align="center">14</entry><entry align="center">Severe</entry><entry align="center">Complete denture</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry align="center">9</entry><entry align="center">M 56</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">Severe</entry><entry align="center">Complete denture</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">F 59</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">Moderate</entry><entry align="center">5,6,11 abutment overdenture</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry align="center">11</entry><entry align="center">M 70</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">Moderate</entry><entry align="center">4,13 abutment overdenture</entry></row><row><entry></entry><entry align="center">12</entry><entry align="center">M 74</entry><entry align="center">12</entry><entry align="center">Moderate</entry><entry align="center">Complete denture</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></ce:table></ce:display>Their ages ranged between 53 and 76 years, with a mean age of 66.9 years. All patients had satisfactorily worn acrylic resin dentures, which were fabricated by a clinician, for more than 6 months. The subjects had no previous experience with metal base dentures.</ce:para><ce:para>Subjects were arbitrarily divided into 2 groups. Group A subjects (3 men, 3 women) were fitted with light dentures, which did not add the extra weight, and 20 g weighted dentures to compare an acrylic resin and conventional metal base dentures. Subjects in group B (4 men, 2 women) were fitted with light dentures and 60 g weighted dentures to evaluate the effectiveness of weighted dentures. Figure 1 illustrates a flow chart that depicts the tests in this study; all measurements for each subject were made during 1 day.
<ce:display><ce:figure><ce:label>Fig. 1</ce:label><ce:caption><ce:simple-para>Study design. Number in parentheses indicate number of test repetition.</ce:simple-para></ce:caption> <ce:link locator="gr1"></ce:link></ce:figure></ce:display></ce:para><ce:section><ce:section-title>Preparation of experimental dentures</ce:section-title><ce:para>Impressions were made using silicon impression materials (Exafine, regular type, GC Corp, Tokyo, Japan) of the subjects’ existing mandibular dentures that had balanced occlusion (20 degree, cross-linked plastic teeth). The dentures were then duplicated using a pour PMMA resin (Palapress vario, Heraeus Kulzer Inc, Irvine, Calif.) to create experimental dentures. After postinsertion adjustments of the experimental denture, grooves were cut into the buccal or lingual aspect of the left and right sides from the canine to second molar. Acrylic resin was removed from the denture base to obtain the space necessary for placement of the internal weights. Weights of 20 and 60 g were cast with either Au-Pt alloy (PGA-3, Ishifuku, Tokyo, Japan) or Au-Ag-Pd alloy (Castwell, GC Corp), respectively. After the weights were placed, the area with the weights was covered with wax to simulate the smooth contour of the polished surface (Fig. 2).
<ce:display><ce:figure><ce:label>Fig. 2</ce:label><ce:caption><ce:simple-para>Experimental denture with weights of 60 g.</ce:simple-para></ce:caption> <ce:link locator="gr2"></ce:link></ce:figure></ce:display>The experimental denture with weights of either 20 or 60 g were referred to as “heavy 20 denture” and “heavy 60 denture,” respectively. The denture with wax that was packed into the space instead of additional weight was referred to as “light denture.”</ce:para></ce:section><ce:section><ce:section-title>Measurement of masticatory movements</ce:section-title><ce:para>Tests were performed after the patients were made aware of the differences between the light and heavy dentures. This decision was based on the results of a preliminary pilot study. To recognize the weight change, the 2 dentures were placed in the subjects’ hands for their determination.</ce:para><ce:para>The test food that was eaten by each patient was 1 piece of fresh gumi candy (approximately 4 g of a chewy thick gelatin-like candy). Gumi candy was selected to evaluate denture stability, because denture mobility could be promoted since this food sticks to artificial teeth.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib31 bib32"><ce:sup>31,32</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> Every masticatory test was accomplished on the particular chewing side that was preferred by each subject. The subjects were asked to chew the gumi candy at their own pace until swallowing the final bolus. This procedure was repeated 3 times per denture. Masticatory movements were measured with a commercially available tracking device (Kinesiograph, K5AR, Myotronics Inc, Seattle, Wash.). The position of the electromagnetic sensors were located in an array so as to determine the relative relationship of the small magnet (12 × 6 × 3 mm) that was attached to the lower surface of the midline region of the experimental dentures at the midline. Each of the 3 movement analog signals (vertical, anteroposterior, and lateral) from the kinesiograph was digitized at a sampling rate of 200 Hz by use of the A/D converter (PS-9351,TEAC, Tokyo, Japan). All recorded data were then entered into a personal computer (PS-9000 model 340CH, Yokogawa Hewlett-Packard, Tokyo, Japan) for analysis.</ce:para><ce:para>The most stable (smallest variation) 10 strokes in the middle of the chewing cycle were selected to compare masticatory movements. Each individual activity was displayed for measurement on the computer monitor and was identified using a mouse-controlled cursor by the chewing phase, such as the opening phase, the closing phase, and the occlusal phase for each activity.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib33 bib34"><ce:sup>33,34</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs>The duration of chewing phase and percentage of each phase in a chewing cycle are affected by denture stability.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib19 bib32"><ce:sup>19,32</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> The mean time and standard deviation of each phase were measured and recorded. A coefficient of variation (CV) for each individual activity and each phase was then calculated from the standard deviation divided by mean time, and an average variation (AV) was calculated for the differences of mean time for adjacent activities of the 10 activities.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib19 bib20 bib30"><ce:sup>19,20,30</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs></ce:para></ce:section><ce:section><ce:section-title>Measurement of denture retention</ce:section-title><ce:para>Masticatory movement has been used as a physiologic index of denture retention and stability.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib19 bib30 bib34"><ce:sup>19,30,34</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> Denture vibration has also been measured as a physical index of these parameters.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib30 bib35 bib36"><ce:sup>30,35,36</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> There is a strong correlation between denture stability and duration of denture retention.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib35 bib36"><ce:sup>35,36</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs></ce:para><ce:para>After removing the magnet from the experimental denture, an accelerometer (9G10S, NEC Sanei, Tokyo) of approximately 4 mm in diameter and 3 mm high, was placed on the incisors, so that it was maintained as parallel with the occlusal plane. For each test, the subjects repeatedly practiced 10 strong, fast taps at a time. Retention signals and masticatory movements were also entered into a personal computer (PS-9000 model 340CH, Yokogawa Hewlett-Packard) after A/D conversion. The beginning and end points of each retention phase for the tapping movements were determined on the computer monitor by use of a mouse-controlled cursor. The mean duration (msec) of retention for 5 taps from the third to seventh tap was averaged. These tests were repeated 5 times per denture.</ce:para><ce:para>All data were analyzed with the SPSS statistical package (Version 7.5, SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill.). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Wilcoxon signed ranks tests were used to compare the light denture and heavy denture at the significance level of α=.10.</ce:para></ce:section><ce:section><ce:section-title>Interviews about comfort and chewing</ce:section-title><ce:para>After chewing gumi candy before the masticatory movements and denture vibration tests, the subjects were interviewed about the difference between the 2 dentures, without being aware of the denture weight. After being told about the weight difference, but still unaware of the results of the 2 tests, the subjects were also interviewed, to determine which, if either, denture they preferred for comfort and chewing.</ce:para></ce:section></ce:section><ce:section><ce:section-title>RESULTS</ce:section-title><ce:section><ce:section-title>Masticatory movement</ce:section-title><ce:para>The CV (%) and AV (msec) of 10 activities and the 3 component phases performed by subjects within group A are depicted in Figure 3, <ce:italic>A</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>B</ce:italic> .
<ce:display><ce:figure id="fig3"><ce:label>Fig. 3</ce:label><ce:caption><ce:simple-para><ce:bold>A,</ce:bold> Coefficient of variation (CV, %) of 10 activities and their phases by subjects within group A. <ce:bold>B,</ce:bold> Average variation (AV, msec) of 10 activities and their phases by subjects within group A.</ce:simple-para></ce:caption> <ce:link locator="gr3"></ce:link></ce:figure></ce:display>The mean time of each activity and each of the 3 phases with light dentures tended to be similar to that of heavy 20 dentures (F=0.77, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> =.53). The CV and AV for light dentures were smaller than those of the heavy dentures, but there was only one significant difference (Z=–2.20, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> =.03) between the AVs of the opening phase.</ce:para><ce:para>Figure 4, <ce:italic>A</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>B</ce:italic> , depict the CV and AV of these phases obtaineed from group B, respectively.
<ce:display><ce:figure id="fig4"><ce:label>Fig. 4</ce:label><ce:caption><ce:simple-para><ce:bold>A,</ce:bold> Coefficient of variation (CV, %) of 10 activities and their phases by subjects within group B. <ce:bold>B,</ce:bold> Average variation (AV, msec) of 10 activities and their phases by subjects within group B.</ce:simple-para></ce:caption> <ce:link locator="gr4"></ce:link></ce:figure></ce:display>Despite the 60 g change in denture weight, the mean times of these phases with light dentures and heavy 60 dentures revealed similar values (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> >.10) as in group A. Although the CV and AV with light dentures indicated a slightly smaller value than for heavy 60 dentures, no significant difference (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> >.10) between the 2 types of dentures existed.</ce:para></ce:section><ce:section><ce:section-title>Denture retention</ce:section-title><ce:para>The mean duration values of denture retention from 5 taps with groups A and B are illustrated in Figure 5, <ce:italic>A</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>B</ce:italic> , respectively.
<ce:display><ce:figure id="fig5"><ce:label>Fig. 5</ce:label><ce:caption><ce:simple-para><ce:bold>A,</ce:bold> Duration of denture vibration (msec) of 5 taps with group A. <ce:bold>B,</ce:bold> Duration of denture vibration of 5 taps with group B.</ce:simple-para></ce:caption> <ce:link locator="gr5"></ce:link></ce:figure></ce:display>There was no clear indication that the increasing denture weight affected denture vibration in either group A or group B. No significant differences were found between light dentures and heavy 20 dentures (Z=–1.21; <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> =.22) or heavy 60 denture (Z=–0.63, <ce:italic>P</ce:italic> =.53).</ce:para></ce:section><ce:section><ce:section-title>Interviews about comfort and chewing</ce:section-title><ce:para>None of the subjects noticed the weight change of 20 or 60 g for experimental dentures after chewing the gumi candy. The results of their denture selection based on comfort and chewing are presented in Table II.
<ce:display><ce:table colsep="0" rowsep="0" frame="topbot"><ce:label>Table II</ce:label><ce:caption><ce:simple-para>The results of subjects’ denture selection based on comfort and chewing</ce:simple-para></ce:caption><tgroup cols="13"><colspec colname="col1" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col2" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col3" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col4" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col5" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col6" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col7" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col8" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col9" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col10" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col11" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col12" colsep="0"></colspec><colspec colname="col13" colsep="0"></colspec><thead><row><entry morerows="1"></entry><entry namest="col2" nameend="col7" align="center">Group A (20 g)</entry><entry namest="col8" nameend="col13" align="center">Group B (60 g)</entry></row><row><entry colname="col2" align="center">1</entry><entry align="center">2</entry><entry align="center">3</entry><entry align="center">4</entry><entry align="center">5</entry><entry align="center">6</entry><entry align="center">7</entry><entry align="center">8</entry><entry align="center">9</entry><entry align="center">10</entry><entry align="center">11</entry><entry align="center">12</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>Comfort</entry><entry align="center">L</entry><entry align="center">H</entry><entry align="center">H</entry><entry align="center">L</entry><entry align="center">H</entry><entry align="center">L</entry><entry align="center">H</entry><entry align="center">H</entry><entry align="center">▵</entry><entry align="center">▵</entry><entry align="center">▵</entry><entry align="center">L</entry></row><row><entry>Chewing</entry><entry align="center">▵</entry><entry align="center">H</entry><entry align="center">H</entry><entry align="center">▵</entry><entry align="center">H</entry><entry align="center">L</entry><entry align="center">▵</entry><entry align="center">▵</entry><entry align="center">H</entry><entry align="center">L</entry><entry align="center">H</entry><entry align="center">▵</entry></row><row><entry namest="col1" nameend="col13"></entry></row></tbody></tgroup><ce:legend><ce:simple-para>L: Light denture.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>H: Heavy denture.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>▵: No preference.</ce:simple-para></ce:legend></ce:table></ce:display>In selecting a denture for comfort with group A, 3 patients preferred light dentures and 3 preferred heavy 20 dentures. When asked about chewing, 3 patients preferred the heavy 20 dentures, and 1 patient preferred light dentures, but 2 patients did not indicate a preference for either type of denture. For group B, 2 patients selected heavy 60 dentures for comfort and chewing, 1 patient selected light dentures, and 3 other patients had no preference.</ce:para></ce:section></ce:section><ce:section><ce:section-title>DISCUSSION</ce:section-title><ce:para>This study compared jaw movements and denture stability of the light acrylic resin and heavy metal base dentures, and that of the conventional denture and the purposely weighted denture. Two additional weights in 2 groups of 6 subjects were tested. The limitation of this pilot study is the small sample size.</ce:para><ce:para>Kapur and Soman<ce:cross-ref refid="bib17"><ce:sup>17</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> and Kapur<ce:cross-ref refid="bib18"><ce:sup>18</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> reported that increasing denture base retention by polished surface contour or denture adhesive did not improve the masticatory ability of denture wearers. No correlation between denture retention and masticatory performance was concluded from these studies. In our study, differences of denture weight did not affect the masticatory movements for the patients (<ce:cross-refs refid="fig3 fig4">Figs. 3 and 4</ce:cross-refs>). When weight (10 g) was added to the mandibular denture, the mandibular rest position immediately moved slightly downward and backward, but it returned to its original position after 1 week.<ce:cross-ref refid="bib29"><ce:sup>29</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> Therefore, to increase denture weight suddenly may not be good for masticatory movements. However, as patients become accustomed to the heavier weight during their chewing cycles, increasing the denture weight may not be a negative factor, especially since masticatory movements tend to become smooth again with time.</ce:para><ce:para>The duration of mandibular denture vibration in our study was longer than for maxillary dentures in a previous study.<ce:cross-ref refid="bib30"><ce:sup>30</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> In addition, the duration of vibration tended to be longer as the amount of residual ridge resorption was greater. For these reasons, it is believed that there was a high correlation between duration of denture vibration and denture stability. There was no significant difference (<ce:italic>P</ce:italic> >.10) in the duration of denture vibration between light and heavy dentures in either group A or group B (<ce:cross-ref refid="fig5">Fig. 5, <ce:italic>A</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>B</ce:italic></ce:cross-ref> ). On the basis of masticatory movements in both groups, these results confirmed that increasing denture weight would not improve mandibular denture stability.</ce:para><ce:para>Not all subjects noticed the change in denture weight, even after chewing. Several studies demonstrated that patients’ judgment of a complete denture can be predicted by information related to patient perceptions and prior experiences.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib21 bib22 bib23 bib24"><ce:sup>21-24</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> Thus, much effort has been made to study the various thresholds and senses in the mouth, such as pain, touch, pressure, taste, and temperature.<ce:cross-refs refid="bib25 bib26"><ce:sup>25,26</ce:sup></ce:cross-refs> There is agreement that those over 60 years of age are less sensitive than those under 60.<ce:cross-ref refid="bib27"><ce:sup>27</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> Therefore, the from the age distribution, the subjects in this study would not be expected to have sharp senses in the mouth. What seems to be lacking is a weight threshold. Denture weight may be discriminated by the sense of pressure to the underlying alveolar tissues, as well as by the discrimination of bite force to control masticatory movements. However, the pressure of 60 g of denture weight was under 1/100 of the bite force of patients wearing complete dentures.<ce:cross-ref refid="bib28"><ce:sup>28</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref> Thus, the patients could not discriminate the difference of denture weight in this study.</ce:para><ce:para>In selecting a denture for comfort in both groups A and B after being made aware of the denture weight, 5 subjects preferred heavy dentures, 4 subjects preferred light dentures, and 3 had no preference. Selection criteria for heavy dentures as expressed by the subjects were stable (2 subjects), feels good (2 subjects), and solid and secure (1 subject). All 4 subjects who selected light dentures gave their reason that it was “comfortable.”</ce:para><ce:para>Regarding chewing, 5 subjects preferred heavy dentures, and 2 subjects preferred light dentures. The criteria showed “stable and easy to chew” (5 subjects) for heavy dentures, and “comfortable during chewing” for light dentures. No subjects were able to discriminate the difference of denture weight, but after being made aware of the weight change, most of them could definitely select, their preference of either light or heavy dentures. Therefore, patients were likely to be influenced by a preconceived idea about denture weight. However, there are individual differences in preferences for a particular denture weight. Patients may be divided into those who: (1) like the heavy denture because denture weight seems to improve their denture stability; (2) and those who like the light denture, because the additional weight was a burden to their oral tissue; and (3) express no concern about denture weight. After increasing a denture weight by 60 g, there was no effect on masticatory movements or denture vibration; however, there was some effect to the patients preconceived ideas about denture weight. On the basis of the results of this study, there is no reason to unnecessarily add denture weight, especially if suitable retention and stability of mandibular denture are maintained.</ce:para></ce:section><ce:section><ce:section-title>CONCLUSIONS</ce:section-title><ce:para>Within the limits of this study, the following conclusions were drawn:
<ce:list><ce:list-item><ce:label>1.</ce:label><ce:para>No subjects were aware of the denture weight changes of 20 and 60 g before the study, and there were no specific choices between weighted dentures.</ce:para></ce:list-item><ce:list-item><ce:label>2.</ce:label><ce:para>The coeffcient of variation (CV) and average variation (AV) of masticatory movements were not significantly affected by increasing the weight of 20 and 60 g on masticatory movements.</ce:para></ce:list-item><ce:list-item><ce:label>3.</ce:label><ce:para>The denture retention values of heavy dentures and light dentures were not found to be significantly different.</ce:para></ce:list-item><ce:list-item><ce:label>4.</ce:label><ce:para>In selecting a denture for comfort, 5 subjects preferred heavy dentures and 4 subjects preferred light dentures, respectively. Three subjects had no preference. 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and Assistant Professor, Department of Biomaterials Science, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System, Dallas, Texas</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Toshio</namePart><namePart type="family">Hosoi</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">DDS, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan</affiliation><affiliation>Professor and Chair, Department of Removable Prosthodontics</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1999</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Statement Of Problem. Little is known as to whether denture weight contributes to the retention and stability of mandibular complete denture. Purpose. This study compared the jaw movements and denture retention, stability, and comfort of heavy and light weight mandibular complete dentures. Material And Methods. Mandibular complete dentures of 12 subjects were duplicated using an autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. The heavy weight denture was set with weights (20 or 60 g) and the lightweight denture was packed with wax instead of weights. Masticatory movements (3 times each) and denture stability (5 times each) were measured. The subjects expressed their denture preference for comfort and chewing. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests at significance level of α=.10. Results. Masticatory movements and denture retention were not significantly (P >.10) affected by increasing the weight. Five subjects preferred the heavy denture and 4 subjects preferred light denture for comfort; 3 subjects had no preference. Conclusion. The weight of a well-fitting mandibular complete denture did not affect jaw movements, denture stability, or patient preference. (J Prosthet Dent 1999;82:636-42.)</abstract><note>Reprint requests to: DR CHIKAHIRO OHKUBO, DEPARTMENT OF REMOVABLE PROSTHODONTICS, TSURUMI UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DENTAL MEDICINE, 2-1-3 TSURUMI, TSURUMI-KU, YOKOHAMA 230-8501, JAPAN, FAX: (81)45-573-9599, E-MAIL: ohkubo@jade.dti.ne.jp</note><note>0022-3913/99/$8.00 + 0. 10/1/102548</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>YMPR</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">199912</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0022-3913</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0022-3913(05)X7071-8</identifier><part><date>199912</date><detail type="volume"><number>82</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>6</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>5A</start></extent><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>627</start><end>728</end></extent><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>A1</start></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>636</start><end>642</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">3000F6E60E84F77D3BAFCC7B9F7EBDDC3E7D0F13</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-6BHSW1CG-D</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0022-3913(99)70004-1</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0022-3913(99)70004-1</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1999 Editorial Council of The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Editorial Council of The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry., ©1999</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/3000F6E60E84F77D3BAFCC7B9F7EBDDC3E7D0F13/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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