From Liberal Extremity to Safe Mainstream? The Comparative Controversies of Witness Preparation in the United States
Identifieur interne : 001633 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001632; suivant : 001634From Liberal Extremity to Safe Mainstream? The Comparative Controversies of Witness Preparation in the United States
Auteurs : Sergey V. VasilievSource :
- International Commentary on Evidence [ 1554-4567 ] ; 2012-01-10.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Actual testimony, Adjudicative, Adjudicative system, Adversarial, Adversarial context, Adversarial system, Adversary system, Alcorn, Altman, American lawyers, Ample opportunity, Anomaly, Applegate, Atiyah, Barrister, Coaching, Coaching witnesses, Comparative controversies, Contradictory, Credibility, Criminal cases, Criminal procedure, Criminal process, Criminal trials, Crown counsel, Crown court, Crown policy, Crown prosecution service, Crown prosecutor, Crown prosecutors, December, Defence, Demeanor, Direct examination, Disbarment, Disciplinary, Disciplinary action, Disciplinary rules, Dissenting opinion, Eliciting, English barristers, Ethical codes, Ethical conduct, Ethical rules, Ethical standards, Ethical witness preparation, Evidentiary, Ewca crim, Expert witnesses, Extensive witness preparation, Factfinding precision, Factual accuracy, Factual context, False evidence, False testimony, Familiarization, Federal rules, Fire association, Frankel, Georgetown journal, Good practice, Gruyter, Hamdi ibrahim mango, Henning, High risk, Hutchings, Ibid, Improper, Inadvertent, Inclusive approach, Inconsistency, Independent recollection, Initial recollection, International commentary, Joint preparation, Judge kuniko ozaki, Legal ethics, Legal profession, Legal system, Legrande, Leiden journal, Liberal approach, Liberal extremity, Lubanga, Lubanga proofing decision, Lubanga proofing trial decision, Mahoney, Mcmunigal, Mierau, Misconduct, Model code, Model rules, Momodou, Momodou decision, Original recollection, Original recollections, Other countries, Other evidence, Other hand, Other jurisdictions, Other witnesses, Para, Perjury, Personal knowledge, Piorkowski, Pizzi, Potential witness, Preparation methods, Preparation session, Preparation sessions, Preparation techniques, Previous statements, Professional conduct, Professional ethics, Professional misconduct, Professional responsibility, Professional work, Proofing, Prospective testimony, Prospective witness, Prospective witnesses, Ptwi, Ptwi code, Ptwi guidance, Recollection, Rehearsal, Respective party, Restrictive approach, Rosengart, Rudin, Safe mainstream, Salmi, Same case, Same time, Shargel, Similar vein, Stricter approach, Subornation, Suborning perjury, Such discussions, Testimonial process, Texas tech, Third restatement, Trial advocates, Trial process, Trial system, Truthful, Unethical, Unethical conduct, Unethical witness preparation, Unreasonable risk, Vasiliev, Wales barristers, Whilst, Whole truth, Witness, Witness coaching, Witness conferences, Witness contacts, Witness credibility, Witness interviews, Witness preparation, Witness preparation practices, Witness proofing, Witness recollection, Witness recollections, Witness spontaneity, Witness testimony, Witness training, Wydick, Zacharias, Zealous representation.
- Teeft :
- Actual testimony, Adjudicative, Adjudicative system, Adversarial, Adversarial context, Adversarial system, Adversary system, Alcorn, Altman, American lawyers, Ample opportunity, Anomaly, Applegate, Atiyah, Barrister, Coaching, Coaching witnesses, Comparative controversies, Contradictory, Credibility, Criminal cases, Criminal procedure, Criminal process, Criminal trials, Crown counsel, Crown court, Crown policy, Crown prosecution service, Crown prosecutor, Crown prosecutors, December, Defence, Demeanor, Direct examination, Disbarment, Disciplinary, Disciplinary action, Disciplinary rules, Dissenting opinion, Eliciting, English barristers, Ethical codes, Ethical conduct, Ethical rules, Ethical standards, Ethical witness preparation, Evidentiary, Ewca crim, Expert witnesses, Extensive witness preparation, Factfinding precision, Factual accuracy, Factual context, False evidence, False testimony, Familiarization, Federal rules, Fire association, Frankel, Georgetown journal, Good practice, Gruyter, Hamdi ibrahim mango, Henning, High risk, Hutchings, Ibid, Improper, Inadvertent, Inclusive approach, Inconsistency, Independent recollection, Initial recollection, International commentary, Joint preparation, Judge kuniko ozaki, Legal ethics, Legal profession, Legal system, Legrande, Leiden journal, Liberal approach, Liberal extremity, Lubanga, Lubanga proofing decision, Lubanga proofing trial decision, Mahoney, Mcmunigal, Mierau, Misconduct, Model code, Model rules, Momodou, Momodou decision, Original recollection, Original recollections, Other countries, Other evidence, Other hand, Other jurisdictions, Other witnesses, Para, Perjury, Personal knowledge, Piorkowski, Pizzi, Potential witness, Preparation methods, Preparation session, Preparation sessions, Preparation techniques, Previous statements, Professional conduct, Professional ethics, Professional misconduct, Professional responsibility, Professional work, Proofing, Prospective testimony, Prospective witness, Prospective witnesses, Ptwi, Ptwi code, Ptwi guidance, Recollection, Rehearsal, Respective party, Restrictive approach, Rosengart, Rudin, Safe mainstream, Salmi, Same case, Same time, Shargel, Similar vein, Stricter approach, Subornation, Suborning perjury, Such discussions, Testimonial process, Texas tech, Third restatement, Trial advocates, Trial process, Trial system, Truthful, Unethical, Unethical conduct, Unethical witness preparation, Unreasonable risk, Vasiliev, Wales barristers, Whilst, Whole truth, Witness, Witness coaching, Witness conferences, Witness contacts, Witness credibility, Witness interviews, Witness preparation, Witness preparation practices, Witness proofing, Witness recollection, Witness recollections, Witness spontaneity, Witness testimony, Witness training, Wydick, Zacharias, Zealous representation.
Abstract
This contribution examines the idea that partisan witness preparation in criminal trials in the United States amounts to a comparative anomaly in the common law context. In American procedure, parties are not constrained by straightforward rules and ethical canons in their choice and deployment of preparation techniques, save for a prohibition on subornation and use of perjury. The lax regulation of pre-trial witness interviews in the US contrasts with the stricter rules on professional conduct of barristers and prosecutors in England and Wales and the cautious attitude towards extensive witness preparation prevailing in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. These divisions mark deep-seated differences between these countries in what fact-finding arrangements are deemed optimal in the criminal process and what importance is given to witness spontaneity as opposed to a leeway for parties to shape the evidence submitted for evaluation to the fact-finder. Although comparative divergence alone does not render the US approach anomalous, the difficulty of reconciling its liberal practice with the trial systems quest for the truth in a sense justifies this label. Some of the excesses of the current practice could be remedied and the truth-finding objective given a more prominent place in the criminal process if a stricter approach were taken towards the regulation of witness preparation in the US and legal and ethical norms were aligned more closely to establishing the truth. In distinguishing between ethical and unethical conduct, the rules should consider not only the mental element of counsel but also the objective effects of preparation on the authenticity and accuracy of witness recollection. While more research into such effects is needed, the article argues tentatively that the most suggestive and therefore objectionable techniques used in the US should be abandoned or subjected to more rigorous regulation.
Url:
DOI: 10.2202/1554-4567.1126
Links to Exploration step
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<term>Henning</term>
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<term>Hutchings</term>
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<term>Inadvertent</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This contribution examines the idea that partisan witness preparation in criminal trials in the United States amounts to a comparative anomaly in the common law context. In American procedure, parties are not constrained by straightforward rules and ethical canons in their choice and deployment of preparation techniques, save for a prohibition on subornation and use of perjury. The lax regulation of pre-trial witness interviews in the US contrasts with the stricter rules on professional conduct of barristers and prosecutors in England and Wales and the cautious attitude towards extensive witness preparation prevailing in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. These divisions mark deep-seated differences between these countries in what fact-finding arrangements are deemed optimal in the criminal process and what importance is given to witness spontaneity as opposed to a leeway for parties to shape the evidence submitted for evaluation to the fact-finder. Although comparative divergence alone does not render the US approach anomalous, the difficulty of reconciling its liberal practice with the trial systems quest for the truth in a sense justifies this label. Some of the excesses of the current practice could be remedied and the truth-finding objective given a more prominent place in the criminal process if a stricter approach were taken towards the regulation of witness preparation in the US and legal and ethical norms were aligned more closely to establishing the truth. In distinguishing between ethical and unethical conduct, the rules should consider not only the mental element of counsel but also the objective effects of preparation on the authenticity and accuracy of witness recollection. While more research into such effects is needed, the article argues tentatively that the most suggestive and therefore objectionable techniques used in the US should be abandoned or subjected to more rigorous regulation.</div>
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<abstract>This contribution examines the idea that partisan witness preparation in criminal trials in the United States amounts to a comparative anomaly in the common law context. In American procedure, parties are not constrained by straightforward rules and ethical canons in their choice and deployment of preparation techniques, save for a prohibition on subornation and use of perjury. The lax regulation of pre-trial witness interviews in the US contrasts with the stricter rules on professional conduct of barristers and prosecutors in England and Wales and the cautious attitude towards extensive witness preparation prevailing in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. These divisions mark deep-seated differences between these countries in what fact-finding arrangements are deemed optimal in the criminal process and what importance is given to witness spontaneity as opposed to a leeway for parties to shape the evidence submitted for evaluation to the fact-finder. Although comparative divergence alone does not render the US approach anomalous, the difficulty of reconciling its liberal practice with the trial systems quest for the truth in a sense justifies this label. Some of the excesses of the current practice could be remedied and the truth-finding objective given a more prominent place in the criminal process if a stricter approach were taken towards the regulation of witness preparation in the US and legal and ethical norms were aligned more closely to establishing the truth. In distinguishing between ethical and unethical conduct, the rules should consider not only the mental element of counsel but also the objective effects of preparation on the authenticity and accuracy of witness recollection. While more research into such effects is needed, the article argues tentatively that the most suggestive and therefore objectionable techniques used in the US should be abandoned or subjected to more rigorous regulation.</abstract>
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