Improving the enabling environment to combat land degradation: Institutional, financial, legal and science‐policy challenges and solutions
Identifieur interne : 001529 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001528; suivant : 001530Improving the enabling environment to combat land degradation: Institutional, financial, legal and science‐policy challenges and solutions
Auteurs : M. Akhtar-Schuster ; R. J. Thomas ; L. C. Stringer ; P. Chasek ; M. SeelySource :
- Land Degradation & Development [ 1085-3278 ] ; 2011-03.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Action plan, Address land degradation, Advocacy groups, Alternative livelihoods, Background paper, Best practices, Biocentre klein flottbek, Biodiversity loss, Biological diversity, Botanical garden, Civil society, Climate change, Climate change adaptation, Combat land degradation, Control rights, Copyright, Credible knowledge, Customary institutions, Decision makers, Degradation, Development consortium, Different knowledge, Different levels, Different stakeholders, Dryland, Dryland science, Earth negotiations bulletin, Ecological economics, Effective mainstreaming, Entry points, Environmental policy, Environmental science, Financing strategies, Financing strategy, Focal points, Funding, Funding sources, Global, Global consultation, Global governance, Global mechanism, Global research community, Guidance need, Holistic approaches, Innovation information, Institutional environment, Institutional frameworks, Institutional infrastructure, Institutional structures, Interest groups, International conference, International level, International levels, International mechanisms, International workshop, Investment framework, January, John wiley sons, Knowledge management, Knowledge production, Land degradation, Land degradation development, Land degradation issues, Land issues, Land users, Legal environment, Local knowledge, Local levels, Mainstreaming, Mainstreaming adaptation, Mainstreaming land degradation, Mainstreaming processes, Manhattan college, Millennium development goals, Millennium ecosystem assessment, Monterrey consensus, Namibia, Namibia case study, Nancial, Nancial resources, Napcod, National action programmes, National capacities, National frameworks, National governments, National level, National policies, National priority, Nations convention, Nations environment programme, Nations university, Nations university institute, Natural resources, Nfps, Ngo, Organisation, Overall guidance, Paris declaration, Policy arena, Policy environment, Policy formulation, Policy frameworks, Policy level, Policy levels, Policy makers, Policy process, Polycentric approach, Poverty environment partnership meeting bulletin, Poverty reduction, Private sectors, Programme, Public awareness, Regional bodies, Representative analysis, Same time, Secretariat desertnet, Spiegel interview, Stakeholder, Steering committee, Stress factors, Stringer, Strong partnerships, Subsidiary body, Success stories, Successful mainstreaming, Support mainstreaming, Sustainability, Sustainable, Sustainable development, Sustainable dryland development, Sustainable land management, Synergy, Transformational mainstreaming, Unccd, Unccd process, White paper, World bank, World development report.
- Teeft :
- Action plan, Address land degradation, Advocacy groups, Alternative livelihoods, Background paper, Best practices, Biocentre klein flottbek, Biodiversity loss, Biological diversity, Botanical garden, Civil society, Climate change, Climate change adaptation, Combat land degradation, Control rights, Copyright, Credible knowledge, Customary institutions, Decision makers, Degradation, Development consortium, Different knowledge, Different levels, Different stakeholders, Dryland, Dryland science, Earth negotiations bulletin, Ecological economics, Effective mainstreaming, Entry points, Environmental policy, Environmental science, Financing strategies, Financing strategy, Focal points, Funding, Funding sources, Global, Global consultation, Global governance, Global mechanism, Global research community, Guidance need, Holistic approaches, Innovation information, Institutional environment, Institutional frameworks, Institutional infrastructure, Institutional structures, Interest groups, International conference, International level, International levels, International mechanisms, International workshop, Investment framework, January, John wiley sons, Knowledge management, Knowledge production, Land degradation, Land degradation development, Land degradation issues, Land issues, Land users, Legal environment, Local knowledge, Local levels, Mainstreaming, Mainstreaming adaptation, Mainstreaming land degradation, Mainstreaming processes, Manhattan college, Millennium development goals, Millennium ecosystem assessment, Monterrey consensus, Namibia, Namibia case study, Nancial, Nancial resources, Napcod, National action programmes, National capacities, National frameworks, National governments, National level, National policies, National priority, Nations convention, Nations environment programme, Nations university, Nations university institute, Natural resources, Nfps, Ngo, Organisation, Overall guidance, Paris declaration, Policy arena, Policy environment, Policy formulation, Policy frameworks, Policy level, Policy levels, Policy makers, Policy process, Polycentric approach, Poverty environment partnership meeting bulletin, Poverty reduction, Private sectors, Programme, Public awareness, Regional bodies, Representative analysis, Same time, Secretariat desertnet, Spiegel interview, Stakeholder, Steering committee, Stress factors, Stringer, Strong partnerships, Subsidiary body, Success stories, Successful mainstreaming, Support mainstreaming, Sustainability, Sustainable, Sustainable development, Sustainable dryland development, Sustainable land management, Synergy, Transformational mainstreaming, Unccd, Unccd process, White paper, World bank, World development report.
Abstract
The need to mainstream land degradation issues into national policies and frameworks is encouraged by international mechanisms such as the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000). However, mainstreaming has faced a number of interrelated institutional, financial, legal, knowledge and policy barriers. As such, despite 15 years of existence of the UNCCD, successes in reversing and/or preventing land degradation are widely perceived to be limited. This paper highlights the nature of these barriers to mainstreaming and identifies ways in which specific limitations that hamper mainstreaming of land degradation into national, regional and international activities and policies may be overcome. It also identifies institutional infrastructures through which scientific findings may more effectively enter policy, suggesting that scientific bodies are required to strategise, coordinate and stimulate the global scientific research community to support mainstreaming and the up‐scaling of efforts to combat land degradation. Such a scientific body could also stimulate national cross‐sectoral and multi‐stakeholder knowledge exchange. The paper then moves to the national level to examine mainstreaming processes in Namibia, a country particularly advanced in taking a more integrated approach. Although the Namibia case study shows an impressive degree of integration, there are still many lessons to be learned in order to further strengthen mainstreaming processes. These lessons form the basis of our conclusion and recommendations, which outline a potential way forward. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/ldr.1058
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:2BA1B1D2E4A8ABDF99FE3E032B95E29AC4F4FE29Le document en format XML
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Akhtar-Schuster</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Secretariat DesertNet International (DNI), c/o Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: makhtar‐schuster@botanik.uni‐hamburg.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence address: Secretariat DesertNet International (DNI), c/o Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, R J" sort="Thomas, R J" uniqKey="Thomas R" first="R. J." last="Thomas">R. J. Thomas</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU‐INWEH), 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 204, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringer, L C" sort="Stringer, L C" uniqKey="Stringer L" first="L. C." last="Stringer">L. C. Stringer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasek, P" sort="Chasek, P" uniqKey="Chasek P" first="P." last="Chasek">P. 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type="ISSN">1085-3278</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Action plan</term><term>Address land degradation</term><term>Advocacy groups</term><term>Alternative livelihoods</term><term>Background paper</term><term>Best practices</term><term>Biocentre klein flottbek</term><term>Biodiversity loss</term><term>Biological diversity</term><term>Botanical garden</term><term>Civil society</term><term>Climate change</term><term>Climate change adaptation</term><term>Combat land degradation</term><term>Control rights</term><term>Copyright</term><term>Credible knowledge</term><term>Customary institutions</term><term>Decision makers</term><term>Degradation</term><term>Development consortium</term><term>Different knowledge</term><term>Different levels</term><term>Different stakeholders</term><term>Dryland</term><term>Dryland science</term><term>Earth negotiations bulletin</term><term>Ecological economics</term><term>Effective mainstreaming</term><term>Entry points</term><term>Environmental policy</term><term>Environmental science</term><term>Financing strategies</term><term>Financing strategy</term><term>Focal points</term><term>Funding</term><term>Funding sources</term><term>Global</term><term>Global consultation</term><term>Global governance</term><term>Global mechanism</term><term>Global research community</term><term>Guidance need</term><term>Holistic approaches</term><term>Innovation information</term><term>Institutional environment</term><term>Institutional frameworks</term><term>Institutional infrastructure</term><term>Institutional structures</term><term>Interest groups</term><term>International conference</term><term>International level</term><term>International levels</term><term>International mechanisms</term><term>International workshop</term><term>Investment framework</term><term>January</term><term>John wiley sons</term><term>Knowledge management</term><term>Knowledge production</term><term>Land degradation</term><term>Land degradation development</term><term>Land degradation issues</term><term>Land issues</term><term>Land users</term><term>Legal environment</term><term>Local knowledge</term><term>Local levels</term><term>Mainstreaming</term><term>Mainstreaming adaptation</term><term>Mainstreaming land degradation</term><term>Mainstreaming processes</term><term>Manhattan college</term><term>Millennium development goals</term><term>Millennium ecosystem assessment</term><term>Monterrey consensus</term><term>Namibia</term><term>Namibia case study</term><term>Nancial</term><term>Nancial resources</term><term>Napcod</term><term>National action programmes</term><term>National capacities</term><term>National frameworks</term><term>National governments</term><term>National level</term><term>National policies</term><term>National priority</term><term>Nations convention</term><term>Nations environment programme</term><term>Nations university</term><term>Nations university institute</term><term>Natural resources</term><term>Nfps</term><term>Ngo</term><term>Organisation</term><term>Overall guidance</term><term>Paris declaration</term><term>Policy arena</term><term>Policy environment</term><term>Policy formulation</term><term>Policy frameworks</term><term>Policy level</term><term>Policy levels</term><term>Policy makers</term><term>Policy process</term><term>Polycentric approach</term><term>Poverty environment partnership meeting bulletin</term><term>Poverty reduction</term><term>Private sectors</term><term>Programme</term><term>Public awareness</term><term>Regional bodies</term><term>Representative analysis</term><term>Same time</term><term>Secretariat desertnet</term><term>Spiegel interview</term><term>Stakeholder</term><term>Steering committee</term><term>Stress factors</term><term>Stringer</term><term>Strong partnerships</term><term>Subsidiary body</term><term>Success stories</term><term>Successful mainstreaming</term><term>Support mainstreaming</term><term>Sustainability</term><term>Sustainable</term><term>Sustainable development</term><term>Sustainable dryland development</term><term>Sustainable land management</term><term>Synergy</term><term>Transformational mainstreaming</term><term>Unccd</term><term>Unccd process</term><term>White paper</term><term>World bank</term><term>World development report</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Action plan</term><term>Address land degradation</term><term>Advocacy groups</term><term>Alternative livelihoods</term><term>Background paper</term><term>Best practices</term><term>Biocentre klein flottbek</term><term>Biodiversity loss</term><term>Biological diversity</term><term>Botanical garden</term><term>Civil society</term><term>Climate change</term><term>Climate change adaptation</term><term>Combat land degradation</term><term>Control rights</term><term>Copyright</term><term>Credible knowledge</term><term>Customary institutions</term><term>Decision makers</term><term>Degradation</term><term>Development consortium</term><term>Different knowledge</term><term>Different levels</term><term>Different stakeholders</term><term>Dryland</term><term>Dryland science</term><term>Earth negotiations bulletin</term><term>Ecological economics</term><term>Effective mainstreaming</term><term>Entry points</term><term>Environmental policy</term><term>Environmental science</term><term>Financing strategies</term><term>Financing strategy</term><term>Focal points</term><term>Funding</term><term>Funding sources</term><term>Global</term><term>Global consultation</term><term>Global governance</term><term>Global mechanism</term><term>Global research community</term><term>Guidance need</term><term>Holistic approaches</term><term>Innovation information</term><term>Institutional environment</term><term>Institutional frameworks</term><term>Institutional infrastructure</term><term>Institutional structures</term><term>Interest groups</term><term>International conference</term><term>International level</term><term>International levels</term><term>International mechanisms</term><term>International workshop</term><term>Investment framework</term><term>January</term><term>John wiley sons</term><term>Knowledge management</term><term>Knowledge production</term><term>Land degradation</term><term>Land degradation development</term><term>Land degradation issues</term><term>Land issues</term><term>Land users</term><term>Legal environment</term><term>Local knowledge</term><term>Local levels</term><term>Mainstreaming</term><term>Mainstreaming adaptation</term><term>Mainstreaming land degradation</term><term>Mainstreaming processes</term><term>Manhattan college</term><term>Millennium development goals</term><term>Millennium ecosystem assessment</term><term>Monterrey consensus</term><term>Namibia</term><term>Namibia case study</term><term>Nancial</term><term>Nancial resources</term><term>Napcod</term><term>National action programmes</term><term>National capacities</term><term>National frameworks</term><term>National governments</term><term>National level</term><term>National policies</term><term>National priority</term><term>Nations convention</term><term>Nations environment programme</term><term>Nations university</term><term>Nations university institute</term><term>Natural resources</term><term>Nfps</term><term>Ngo</term><term>Organisation</term><term>Overall guidance</term><term>Paris declaration</term><term>Policy arena</term><term>Policy environment</term><term>Policy formulation</term><term>Policy frameworks</term><term>Policy level</term><term>Policy levels</term><term>Policy makers</term><term>Policy process</term><term>Polycentric approach</term><term>Poverty environment partnership meeting bulletin</term><term>Poverty reduction</term><term>Private sectors</term><term>Programme</term><term>Public awareness</term><term>Regional bodies</term><term>Representative analysis</term><term>Same time</term><term>Secretariat desertnet</term><term>Spiegel interview</term><term>Stakeholder</term><term>Steering committee</term><term>Stress factors</term><term>Stringer</term><term>Strong partnerships</term><term>Subsidiary body</term><term>Success stories</term><term>Successful mainstreaming</term><term>Support mainstreaming</term><term>Sustainability</term><term>Sustainable</term><term>Sustainable development</term><term>Sustainable dryland development</term><term>Sustainable land management</term><term>Synergy</term><term>Transformational mainstreaming</term><term>Unccd</term><term>Unccd process</term><term>White paper</term><term>World bank</term><term>World development report</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The need to mainstream land degradation issues into national policies and frameworks is encouraged by international mechanisms such as the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000). However, mainstreaming has faced a number of interrelated institutional, financial, legal, knowledge and policy barriers. As such, despite 15 years of existence of the UNCCD, successes in reversing and/or preventing land degradation are widely perceived to be limited. This paper highlights the nature of these barriers to mainstreaming and identifies ways in which specific limitations that hamper mainstreaming of land degradation into national, regional and international activities and policies may be overcome. It also identifies institutional infrastructures through which scientific findings may more effectively enter policy, suggesting that scientific bodies are required to strategise, coordinate and stimulate the global scientific research community to support mainstreaming and the up‐scaling of efforts to combat land degradation. Such a scientific body could also stimulate national cross‐sectoral and multi‐stakeholder knowledge exchange. The paper then moves to the national level to examine mainstreaming processes in Namibia, a country particularly advanced in taking a more integrated approach. Although the Namibia case study shows an impressive degree of integration, there are still many lessons to be learned in order to further strengthen mainstreaming processes. These lessons form the basis of our conclusion and recommendations, which outline a potential way forward. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>mainstreaming</json:string><json:string>land degradation</json:string><json:string>unccd</json:string><json:string>degradation</json:string><json:string>nancial</json:string><json:string>namibia</json:string><json:string>land issues</json:string><json:string>stakeholder</json:string><json:string>land degradation development</json:string><json:string>programme</json:string><json:string>combat land degradation</json:string><json:string>john wiley sons</json:string><json:string>copyright</json:string><json:string>organisation</json:string><json:string>sustainable</json:string><json:string>global mechanism</json:string><json:string>january</json:string><json:string>nfps</json:string><json:string>climate change</json:string><json:string>national 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process</json:string><json:string>institutional structures</json:string><json:string>national action programmes</json:string><json:string>transformational mainstreaming</json:string><json:string>advocacy groups</json:string><json:string>nations convention</json:string><json:string>institutional frameworks</json:string><json:string>ecological economics</json:string><json:string>subsidiary body</json:string><json:string>earth negotiations bulletin</json:string><json:string>secretariat desertnet</json:string><json:string>investment framework</json:string><json:string>funding sources</json:string><json:string>private sectors</json:string><json:string>national priority</json:string><json:string>strong partnerships</json:string><json:string>national governments</json:string><json:string>biocentre klein flottbek</json:string><json:string>local levels</json:string><json:string>policy environment</json:string><json:string>interest groups</json:string><json:string>poverty 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garden</json:string><json:string>policy arena</json:string><json:string>nations environment programme</json:string><json:string>representative analysis</json:string><json:string>credible knowledge</json:string><json:string>regional bodies</json:string><json:string>same time</json:string><json:string>global research community</json:string><json:string>climate change adaptation</json:string><json:string>international level</json:string><json:string>nations university institute</json:string><json:string>effective mainstreaming</json:string><json:string>steering committee</json:string><json:string>international levels</json:string><json:string>stress factors</json:string><json:string>address land degradation</json:string><json:string>national frameworks</json:string><json:string>best practices</json:string><json:string>different knowledge</json:string><json:string>global consultation</json:string><json:string>dryland science</json:string><json:string>development consortium</json:string><json:string>international mechanisms</json:string><json:string>successful mainstreaming</json:string><json:string>environmental policy</json:string><json:string>global governance</json:string><json:string>institutional infrastructure</json:string><json:string>financing strategies</json:string><json:string>background paper</json:string><json:string>land degradation issues</json:string><json:string>world development report</json:string><json:string>financing strategy</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>M. Akhtar‐Schuster</name><affiliations><json:string>Secretariat DesertNet International (DNI), c/o Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: makhtar‐schuster@botanik.uni‐hamburg.de</json:string><json:string>Correspondence address: Secretariat DesertNet International (DNI), c/o Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R.J. Thomas</name><affiliations><json:string>United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU‐INWEH), 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 204, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L.C. Stringer</name><affiliations><json:string>Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P. Chasek</name><affiliations><json:string>Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Reporting Services, International Institute for Sustainable Development</json:string><json:string>Manhattan College, 300 East 56th Street #11A, New York, NY, 10022, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. Seely</name><affiliations><json:string>Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, P O Box 20232, Windhoek, Namibia</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>mainstreaming</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>institutions</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>policy</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>land degradation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>desertification</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>science‐policy interface</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>UNCCD</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>LDR1058</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-DRCS6Q19-L</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The need to mainstream land degradation issues into national policies and frameworks is encouraged by international mechanisms such as the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000). However, mainstreaming has faced a number of interrelated institutional, financial, legal, knowledge and policy barriers. As such, despite 15 years of existence of the UNCCD, successes in reversing and/or preventing land degradation are widely perceived to be limited. This paper highlights the nature of these barriers to mainstreaming and identifies ways in which specific limitations that hamper mainstreaming of land degradation into national, regional and international activities and policies may be overcome. It also identifies institutional infrastructures through which scientific findings may more effectively enter policy, suggesting that scientific bodies are required to strategise, coordinate and stimulate the global scientific research community to support mainstreaming and the up‐scaling of efforts to combat land degradation. Such a scientific body could also stimulate national cross‐sectoral and multi‐stakeholder knowledge exchange. The paper then moves to the national level to examine mainstreaming processes in Namibia, a country particularly advanced in taking a more integrated approach. Although the Namibia case study shows an impressive degree of integration, there are still many lessons to be learned in order to further strengthen mainstreaming processes. These lessons form the basis of our conclusion and recommendations, which outline a potential way forward. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>9.82</score><pdfWordCount>9461</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>66711</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>14</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595 x 791 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>235</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1686</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>7</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Improving the enabling environment to combat land degradation: Institutional, financial, legal and science‐policy challenges and solutions</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Land Degradation & Development</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1099-145X</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>1085-3278</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1099-145X</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>LDR</json:string></publisherId><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><pages><first>299</first><last>312</last><total>14</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><author><json:item><name>M. D. Winslow</name></json:item><json:item><name>M. Akhtar‐Schuster</name></json:item><json:item><name>C. Martius</name></json:item><json:item><name>L. C. Stringer</name></json:item><json:item><name>R. J. Thomas</name></json:item><json:item><name>J. V. Vogt</name></json:item></author><subject><json:item><value>Special Issue Article</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2009</json:string><json:string>2011</json:string><json:string>2000</json:string><json:string>1970s</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>World Bank</json:string><json:string>Committee on Science and Technology</json:string><json:string>United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health</json:string><json:string>International Institute for Sustainable Development</json:string><json:string>UNFCCC</json:string><json:string>DNI</json:string><json:string>Millennium Ecosystem Assessment</json:string><json:string>Namibia Copyright</json:string><json:string>Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme</json:string><json:string>Secretariat DesertNet International</json:string><json:string>Millennium Development Goals</json:string><json:string>Namibia Received</json:string><json:string>UNDP</json:string><json:string>WCED</json:string><json:string>Argentina, Guatemala, Cameron, Ethiopia, Mali, Jordan and Lebanon</json:string><json:string>Government of the Republic of Namibia</json:string><json:string>UNCCD National Focal Points</json:string><json:string>Sons, Ltd.</json:string><json:string>Poverty Environment Partnership Meeting Bulletin</json:string><json:string>Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Accra Agenda for Action</json:string><json:string>Steering Committee of NAPCOD</json:string><json:string>NFP</json:string><json:string>National Focal Raise</json:string><json:string>UNCCD</json:string><json:string>ICLD3</json:string><json:string>Ethiopia, Lebanon and Jordan</json:string><json:string>Global Mechanism</json:string><json:string>National Environment Authority</json:string><json:string>University of Hamburg</json:string><json:string>National Focal Point</json:string><json:string>National Coordination Bodies</json:string><json:string>Sons, Ltd</json:string><json:string>National Action Programmes</json:string><json:string>CST</json:string><json:string>GEF</json:string><json:string>Desert Research Foundation of Namibia</json:string><json:string>DesertNet International</json:string><json:string>Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment</json:string><json:string>Monterrey Consensus on Financing for Development</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>John Wiley</json:string><json:string>I. Synthesis</json:string><json:string>Paris Declaration</json:string><json:string>Simone Quatrini</json:string><json:string>M. Akhtar-Schuster</json:string><json:string>Association</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Berlin</json:string><json:string>Manhattan</json:string><json:string>Germany</json:string><json:string>NY.</json:string><json:string>Monterrey</json:string><json:string>NY</json:string><json:string>NAMIBIA</json:string><json:string>UK</json:string><json:string>Canada</json:string><json:string>Hamburg</json:string><json:string>Windhoek</json:string><json:string>Leeds</json:string><json:string>York</json:string><json:string>Copenhagen</json:string><json:string>Capacity</json:string><json:string>Buenos Aires</json:string></placeName><ref_url><json:string>http://www.unccd.int/publicinfo/announce/docs/lgGTZ.pdf</json:string></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>HafnerBurton and Pollack (2002: 364)</json:string><json:string>ICLD3, 2002</json:string><json:string>UNCCD, 2009</json:string><json:string>UNCCD, 1994: 14</json:string><json:string>World Bank, 2007b</json:string><json:string>MA, 2005</json:string><json:string>Jones et al., 2008</json:string><json:string>Bauer and Stringer, 2009</json:string><json:string>Adeel et al., 2008</json:string><json:string>Chasek et al. (2011)</json:string><json:string>Verstraete et al., 2011</json:string><json:string>Reed et al., 2011</json:string><json:string>Warren, 2002</json:string><json:string>Global Mechanism, 2007, 2008</json:string><json:string>Mortimer, 2009</json:string><json:string>Jahan, 1995: 13</json:string><json:string>Reynolds et al., 2007</json:string><json:string>World Bank, 2007a</json:string><json:string>Pierce et al., 2005</json:string><json:string>Thomas, 2008</json:string><json:string>Reed et al. (2011)</json:string><json:string>Mouat et al., 2006</json:string><json:string>Hafner-Burton and Pollack, 2002</json:string><json:string>AkhtarSchuster et al., 2007</json:string><json:string>Grainger, 2009</json:string><json:string>Niemeijer, 2010</json:string><json:string>Baily, 1997</json:string><json:string>Porsche et al., 2009</json:string><json:string>Gutson, 2001</json:string><json:string>UNFCCC, 2004</json:string><json:string>Briceno, 1999</json:string><json:string>Global Mechanism, 2009</json:string><json:string>Dalal-Clayton and Bass, 2009</json:string><json:string>Stringer et al., 2009</json:string><json:string>Jones et al. 2008: 17</json:string><json:string>Schwilch et al., 2011</json:string><json:string>Bassett and Talafre (2003)</json:string><json:string>Akhtar-Schuster et al., 2000</json:string><json:string>UNDP, 2008</json:string><json:string>Koetz et al., 2008</json:string><json:string>Bauer, 2006</json:string><json:string>Global Mechanism, 2008</json:string><json:string>Governing Council of the United Nations Environment Programme, 2008</json:string><json:string>Requier-Desjardins et al., 2011</json:string><json:string>Shi, 2004</json:string><json:string>UNCCD, 2005</json:string><json:string>Abraham et al., 2006</json:string><json:string>Fazey et al., 2005</json:string><json:string>Jones et al. 2009: 2</json:string><json:string>GEF, 2010</json:string><json:string>Akhtar-Schuster et al., 2010</json:string><json:string>Vlek, 2005</json:string><json:string>Tyler, 2006</json:string><json:string>Kok and de Coninck 2007</json:string><json:string>MDGs, 2000</json:string><json:string>Jones et al., 2009</json:string><json:string>see also Poverty Environment Partnership Meeting Bulletin, 2010</json:string><json:string>Adeel and Safriel, 2008</json:string><json:string>Spiegel Interview, 2009</json:string><json:string>Chasek et al., 2011</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-DRCS6Q19-L</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - soil science</json:string><json:string>2 - environmental sciences</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - applied sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - agriculture, fisheries & forestry</json:string><json:string>3 - agronomy & agriculture</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Agricultural and Biological Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Soil Science</json:string><json:string>1 - Physical Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Environmental Science</json:string><json:string>3 - General Environmental Science</json:string><json:string>1 - Social Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Social Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Development</json:string><json:string>1 - Physical Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 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xml:lang="en">IMPROVING THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT TO COMBAT LAND DEGRADATION</title><author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Akhtar‐Schuster</surname></persName><email>makhtar‐schuster@botanik.uni‐hamburg.de</email><affiliation>Secretariat DesertNet International (DNI), c/o Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany<address><country key="DE"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Secretariat DesertNet International (DNI), c/o Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">R.J.</forename><surname>Thomas</surname></persName><affiliation>United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU‐INWEH), 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 204, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada<address><country key="CA"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">L.C.</forename><surname>Stringer</surname></persName><affiliation>Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK<address><country key="GB"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">P.</forename><surname>Chasek</surname></persName><affiliation>Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Reporting Services, International Institute for Sustainable Development<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Manhattan College, 300 East 56th Street #11A, New York, NY, 10022, USA<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation><note type="foot">Executive Editor in Earth Negotiations Bulletin and Associate Professor in Manhattan College, New York, NY.</note></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Seely</surname></persName><affiliation>Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, P O Box 20232, Windhoek, Namibia<address><country key="NA"></country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">2BA1B1D2E4A8ABDF99FE3E032B95E29AC4F4FE29</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-DRCS6Q19-L</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ldr.1058</idno><idno type="unit">LDR1058</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:LDR.LDR1058.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><editor xml:id="editor-0000"><persName><forename type="first">M. 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V.</forename><surname>Vogt</surname></persName></editor><title level="j" type="main">Land Degradation & Development</title><title level="j" type="sub">Special Issue on Understanding Dryland Degradation Trends</title><title level="j" type="alt">LAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT</title><idno type="pISSN">1085-3278</idno><idno type="eISSN">1099-145X</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-145X</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/ldr.v22.2</idno><idno type="product">LDR</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">22</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="299">299</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="312">312</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">14</biblScope><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>Chichester, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-03"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p>The need to mainstream land degradation issues into national policies and frameworks is encouraged by international mechanisms such as the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000). However, mainstreaming has faced a number of interrelated institutional, financial, legal, knowledge and policy barriers. As such, despite 15 years of existence of the UNCCD, successes in reversing and/or preventing land degradation are widely perceived to be limited. This paper highlights the nature of these barriers to mainstreaming and identifies ways in which specific limitations that hamper mainstreaming of land degradation into national, regional and international activities and policies may be overcome. It also identifies institutional infrastructures through which scientific findings may more effectively enter policy, suggesting that scientific bodies are required to strategise, coordinate and stimulate the global scientific research community to support mainstreaming and the up‐scaling of efforts to combat land degradation. Such a scientific body could also stimulate national cross‐sectoral and multi‐stakeholder knowledge exchange. The paper then moves to the national level to examine mainstreaming processes in Namibia, a country particularly advanced in taking a more integrated approach. Although the Namibia case study shows an impressive degree of integration, there are still many lessons to be learned in order to further strengthen mainstreaming processes. These lessons form the basis of our conclusion and recommendations, which outline a potential way forward. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="kwd1">mainstreaming</term><term xml:id="kwd2">institutions</term><term xml:id="kwd3">policy</term><term xml:id="kwd4">land degradation</term><term xml:id="kwd5">desertification</term><term xml:id="kwd6">science‐policy interface</term><term xml:id="kwd7">UNCCD</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Special Issue Article</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Special Issue Articles</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/2BA1B1D2E4A8ABDF99FE3E032B95E29AC4F4FE29/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisherName><publisherLoc>Chichester, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1099-145X</doi><issn type="print">1085-3278</issn><issn type="electronic">1099-145X</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="LDR"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="LAND DEGRADATION AND DEVELOPMENT">Land Degradation & Development</title><title type="short">Land Degrad. 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number="65"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Improving the enabling environment to combat land degradation: Institutional, financial, legal and science‐policy challenges and solutions</title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">IMPROVING THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT TO COMBAT LAND DEGRADATION</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>M.</givenNames><familyName>Akhtar‐Schuster</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="makhtar-schuster@botanik.uni-hamburg.de">makhtar‐schuster@botanik.uni‐hamburg.de</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>R.J.</givenNames><familyName>Thomas</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>L.C.</givenNames><familyName>Stringer</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af4 #af5" noteRef="#fn1"><personName><givenNames>P.</givenNames><familyName>Chasek</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af6"><personName><givenNames>M.</givenNames><familyName>Seely</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Secretariat DesertNet International (DNI), c/o Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU‐INWEH), 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 204, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="GB" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Reporting Services, International Institute for Sustainable Development</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af5" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Manhattan College, 300 East 56th Street #11A, New York, NY, 10022, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af6" countryCode="NA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, P O Box 20232, Windhoek, Namibia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">mainstreaming</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">institutions</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">policy</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">land degradation</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">desertification</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">science‐policy interface</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd7">UNCCD</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>The need to mainstream land degradation issues into national policies and frameworks is encouraged by international mechanisms such as the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000). However, mainstreaming has faced a number of interrelated institutional, financial, legal, knowledge and policy barriers. As such, despite 15 years of existence of the UNCCD, successes in reversing and/or preventing land degradation are widely perceived to be limited. This paper highlights the nature of these barriers to mainstreaming and identifies ways in which specific limitations that hamper mainstreaming of land degradation into national, regional and international activities and policies may be overcome. It also identifies institutional infrastructures through which scientific findings may more effectively enter policy, suggesting that scientific bodies are required to strategise, coordinate and stimulate the global scientific research community to support mainstreaming and the up‐scaling of efforts to combat land degradation. Such a scientific body could also stimulate national cross‐sectoral and multi‐stakeholder knowledge exchange. The paper then moves to the national level to examine mainstreaming processes in Namibia, a country particularly advanced in taking a more integrated approach. Although the Namibia case study shows an impressive degree of integration, there are still many lessons to be learned in order to further strengthen mainstreaming processes. These lessons form the basis of our conclusion and recommendations, which outline a potential way forward. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>Executive Editor in Earth Negotiations Bulletin and Associate Professor in Manhattan College, New York, NY.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Improving the enabling environment to combat land degradation: Institutional, financial, legal and science‐policy challenges and solutions</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>IMPROVING THE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT TO COMBAT LAND DEGRADATION</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Improving the enabling environment to combat land degradation: Institutional, financial, legal and science‐policy challenges and solutions</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Akhtar‐Schuster</namePart><affiliation>Secretariat DesertNet International (DNI), c/o Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: makhtar‐schuster@botanik.uni‐hamburg.de</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence address: Secretariat DesertNet International (DNI), c/o Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr.18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Thomas</namePart><affiliation>United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU‐INWEH), 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 204, Hamilton, ON L8P 0A1, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stringer</namePart><affiliation>Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chasek</namePart><affiliation>Earth Negotiations Bulletin, Reporting Services, International Institute for Sustainable Development</affiliation><affiliation>Manhattan College, 300 East 56th Street #11A, New York, NY, 10022, USA</affiliation><description>Executive Editor in Earth Negotiations Bulletin and Associate Professor in Manhattan College, New York, NY.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Seely</namePart><affiliation>Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, P O Box 20232, Windhoek, Namibia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-03</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2010-02-02</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2010-09-21</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">1</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent><extent unit="references">65</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The need to mainstream land degradation issues into national policies and frameworks is encouraged by international mechanisms such as the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs, 2000). However, mainstreaming has faced a number of interrelated institutional, financial, legal, knowledge and policy barriers. As such, despite 15 years of existence of the UNCCD, successes in reversing and/or preventing land degradation are widely perceived to be limited. This paper highlights the nature of these barriers to mainstreaming and identifies ways in which specific limitations that hamper mainstreaming of land degradation into national, regional and international activities and policies may be overcome. It also identifies institutional infrastructures through which scientific findings may more effectively enter policy, suggesting that scientific bodies are required to strategise, coordinate and stimulate the global scientific research community to support mainstreaming and the up‐scaling of efforts to combat land degradation. Such a scientific body could also stimulate national cross‐sectoral and multi‐stakeholder knowledge exchange. The paper then moves to the national level to examine mainstreaming processes in Namibia, a country particularly advanced in taking a more integrated approach. Although the Namibia case study shows an impressive degree of integration, there are still many lessons to be learned in order to further strengthen mainstreaming processes. These lessons form the basis of our conclusion and recommendations, which outline a potential way forward. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>mainstreaming</topic><topic>institutions</topic><topic>policy</topic><topic>land degradation</topic><topic>desertification</topic><topic>science‐policy interface</topic><topic>UNCCD</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Land Degradation & Development</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Land Degrad. Dev.</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Winslow</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Akhtar‐Schuster</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Martius</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stringer</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Thomas</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. 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