EdenteV2, Istex, Corpus, bibRecord, 001243

Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry

Identifieur interne : 001243 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001242; suivant : 001244

Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry

Auteurs : J W Nicholson

Source :

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H: Journal of engineering in medicine [ 0954-4119 ] ; 1998.

RBID : ISTEX:25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Aluminium, Anhydrous cements, Biocompatibility, Biological evaluation, Bone contact, Cement, Chemical structure, Clin, Clinical dentistry, Compressive strength, Dent, Dental profession, Dentistry, Glass ionomer, Glass ionomer cements, Glassionomer cements, Good adhesion, Ionomer, Ionomeric bone cement, Luting, Luting cements, Mater, Metal ions, Nicholson, Other hand, Physical properties, Polyacid, Polyacid chains, Proc instn mech engrs, Pulpal, Pulpal response, Pulpal sensitivity, Retention rates, Silver cermet, Stainless steel crowns, Tartaric acid, Throat surgery, Uoride, Uoride release, Useful amounts, Visible light.
Teeft :
- Aluminium, Anhydrous cements, Biocompatibility, Biological evaluation, Bone contact, Cement, Chemical structure, Clin, Clinical dentistry, Compressive strength, Dent, Dental profession, Dentistry, Glass ionomer, Glass ionomer cements, Glassionomer cements, Good adhesion, Ionomer, Ionomeric bone cement, Luting, Luting cements, Mater, Metal ions, Nicholson, Other hand, Physical properties, Polyacid, Polyacid chains, Proc instn mech engrs, Pulpal, Pulpal response, Pulpal sensitivity, Retention rates, Silver cermet, Stainless steel crowns, Tartaric acid, Throat surgery, Uoride, Uoride release, Useful amounts, Visible light.

Abstract

This paper describes the current uses and future prospects for glass-ionomer cements in dentistry and medicine. Glass-ionomers divide into two chemical types, one is known as self-hardening and sets entirely by a neutralization reaction to give relatively brittle materials, the other is known as resin-modified and sets partly by polymerization and partly by neutralization to give slightly tougher materials. Compared with the self-hardening cements, these latter materials have improved aesthetics and easier clinical handling. Both types bond well to enamel and dentine, and release clinically useful amounts of fluoride. They have been used in a variety of applications in dentistry, including as liners/bases, luting cements for stainless steel crowns, and in various restorative procedures for both permanent and primary teeth. The resin-modified glass-ionomers are particularly promising for these latter uses, though it is too soon to be sure how durable they will prove to be over the longer term. Self-hardened glass-ionomers have been shown to have much better biocompati-bility than resin-modified glass-ionomers in a variety of situations and consequently they have been used for various non-dental applications, such as ear, nose and throat surgery and craniofacial reconstruction.

Url:

https://api.istex.fr/document/25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE/fulltext/pdf

DOI: 10.1243/0954411981533890

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry</title>
<author wicri:is="90%"><name sortKey="Nicholson, J W" sort="Nicholson, J W" uniqKey="Nicholson J" first="J W" last="Nicholson">J W Nicholson</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of London Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, King's Dental Institute</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE</idno>
<date when="1998" year="1998">1998</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1243/0954411981533890</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE/fulltext/pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001243</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001243</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry</title>
<author wicri:is="90%"><name sortKey="Nicholson, J W" sort="Nicholson, J W" uniqKey="Nicholson J" first="J W" last="Nicholson">J W Nicholson</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of London Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, King's Dental Institute</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series><title level="j">Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H: Journal of engineering in medicine</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0954-4119</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2041-6518</idno>
<imprint><publisher>SAGE Publications</publisher>
<pubPlace>Sage UK: London, England</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="1998">1998</date>
<biblScope unit="volume">212</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="121">121</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="126">126</biblScope>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0954-4119</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0954-4119</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aluminium</term>
<term>Anhydrous cements</term>
<term>Biocompatibility</term>
<term>Biological evaluation</term>
<term>Bone contact</term>
<term>Cement</term>
<term>Chemical structure</term>
<term>Clin</term>
<term>Clinical dentistry</term>
<term>Compressive strength</term>
<term>Dent</term>
<term>Dental profession</term>
<term>Dentistry</term>
<term>Glass ionomer</term>
<term>Glass ionomer cements</term>
<term>Glassionomer cements</term>
<term>Good adhesion</term>
<term>Ionomer</term>
<term>Ionomeric bone cement</term>
<term>Luting</term>
<term>Luting cements</term>
<term>Mater</term>
<term>Metal ions</term>
<term>Nicholson</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Physical properties</term>
<term>Polyacid</term>
<term>Polyacid chains</term>
<term>Proc instn mech engrs</term>
<term>Pulpal</term>
<term>Pulpal response</term>
<term>Pulpal sensitivity</term>
<term>Retention rates</term>
<term>Silver cermet</term>
<term>Stainless steel crowns</term>
<term>Tartaric acid</term>
<term>Throat surgery</term>
<term>Uoride</term>
<term>Uoride release</term>
<term>Useful amounts</term>
<term>Visible light</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Aluminium</term>
<term>Anhydrous cements</term>
<term>Biocompatibility</term>
<term>Biological evaluation</term>
<term>Bone contact</term>
<term>Cement</term>
<term>Chemical structure</term>
<term>Clin</term>
<term>Clinical dentistry</term>
<term>Compressive strength</term>
<term>Dent</term>
<term>Dental profession</term>
<term>Dentistry</term>
<term>Glass ionomer</term>
<term>Glass ionomer cements</term>
<term>Glassionomer cements</term>
<term>Good adhesion</term>
<term>Ionomer</term>
<term>Ionomeric bone cement</term>
<term>Luting</term>
<term>Luting cements</term>
<term>Mater</term>
<term>Metal ions</term>
<term>Nicholson</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Physical properties</term>
<term>Polyacid</term>
<term>Polyacid chains</term>
<term>Proc instn mech engrs</term>
<term>Pulpal</term>
<term>Pulpal response</term>
<term>Pulpal sensitivity</term>
<term>Retention rates</term>
<term>Silver cermet</term>
<term>Stainless steel crowns</term>
<term>Tartaric acid</term>
<term>Throat surgery</term>
<term>Uoride</term>
<term>Uoride release</term>
<term>Useful amounts</term>
<term>Visible light</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
<langUsage><language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This paper describes the current uses and future prospects for glass-ionomer cements in dentistry and medicine. Glass-ionomers divide into two chemical types, one is known as self-hardening and sets entirely by a neutralization reaction to give relatively brittle materials, the other is known as resin-modified and sets partly by polymerization and partly by neutralization to give slightly tougher materials. Compared with the self-hardening cements, these latter materials have improved aesthetics and easier clinical handling. Both types bond well to enamel and dentine, and release clinically useful amounts of fluoride. They have been used in a variety of applications in dentistry, including as liners/bases, luting cements for stainless steel crowns, and in various restorative procedures for both permanent and primary teeth. The resin-modified glass-ionomers are particularly promising for these latter uses, though it is too soon to be sure how durable they will prove to be over the longer term. Self-hardened glass-ionomers have been shown to have much better biocompati-bility than resin-modified glass-ionomers in a variety of situations and consequently they have been used for various non-dental applications, such as ear, nose and throat surgery and craniofacial reconstruction.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<istex><corpusName>sage</corpusName>
<keywords><teeft><json:string>pulpal</json:string>
<json:string>uoride</json:string>
<json:string>ionomer</json:string>
<json:string>biocompatibility</json:string>
<json:string>aluminium</json:string>
<json:string>polyacid</json:string>
<json:string>dentistry</json:string>
<json:string>luting</json:string>
<json:string>clin</json:string>
<json:string>nicholson</json:string>
<json:string>uoride release</json:string>
<json:string>proc instn mech engrs</json:string>
<json:string>dent</json:string>
<json:string>glass ionomer</json:string>
<json:string>pulpal response</json:string>
<json:string>cement</json:string>
<json:string>chemical structure</json:string>
<json:string>compressive strength</json:string>
<json:string>glass ionomer cements</json:string>
<json:string>tartaric acid</json:string>
<json:string>mater</json:string>
<json:string>good adhesion</json:string>
<json:string>silver cermet</json:string>
<json:string>luting cements</json:string>
<json:string>visible light</json:string>
<json:string>metal ions</json:string>
<json:string>anhydrous cements</json:string>
<json:string>pulpal sensitivity</json:string>
<json:string>bone contact</json:string>
<json:string>clinical dentistry</json:string>
<json:string>stainless steel crowns</json:string>
<json:string>physical properties</json:string>
<json:string>ionomeric bone cement</json:string>
<json:string>throat surgery</json:string>
<json:string>glassionomer cements</json:string>
<json:string>dental profession</json:string>
<json:string>polyacid chains</json:string>
<json:string>other hand</json:string>
<json:string>useful amounts</json:string>
<json:string>biological evaluation</json:string>
<json:string>retention rates</json:string>
</teeft>
</keywords>
<author><json:item><name>J W Nicholson</name>
<affiliations><json:string>University of London Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, King's Dental Institute</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
</author>
<subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>glass-ionomer cements</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>resin-modified</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>dentistry</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>surgery</value>
</json:item>
</subject>
<articleId><json:string>10.1243_0954411981533890</json:string>
</articleId>
<arkIstex>ark:/67375/M70-F8TQ7G72-T</arkIstex>
<language><json:string>eng</json:string>
</language>
<originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string>
</originalGenre>
<abstract>This paper describes the current uses and future prospects for glass-ionomer cements in dentistry and medicine. Glass-ionomers divide into two chemical types, one is known as self-hardening and sets entirely by a neutralization reaction to give relatively brittle materials, the other is known as resin-modified and sets partly by polymerization and partly by neutralization to give slightly tougher materials. Compared with the self-hardening cements, these latter materials have improved aesthetics and easier clinical handling. Both types bond well to enamel and dentine, and release clinically useful amounts of fluoride. They have been used in a variety of applications in dentistry, including as liners/bases, luting cements for stainless steel crowns, and in various restorative procedures for both permanent and primary teeth. The resin-modified glass-ionomers are particularly promising for these latter uses, though it is too soon to be sure how durable they will prove to be over the longer term. Self-hardened glass-ionomers have been shown to have much better biocompati-bility than resin-modified glass-ionomers in a variety of situations and consequently they have been used for various non-dental applications, such as ear, nose and throat surgery and craniofacial reconstruction.</abstract>
<qualityIndicators><score>8.529</score>
<pdfWordCount>4285</pdfWordCount>
<pdfCharCount>25982</pdfCharCount>
<pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion>
<pdfPageCount>6</pdfPageCount>
<pdfPageSize>595 x 842 pts (A4)</pdfPageSize>
<refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative>
<abstractWordCount>187</abstractWordCount>
<abstractCharCount>1296</abstractCharCount>
<keywordCount>4</keywordCount>
</qualityIndicators>
<title>Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry</title>
<pmid><json:string>9612003</json:string>
</pmid>
<genre><json:string>research-article</json:string>
</genre>
<host><title>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H: Journal of engineering in medicine</title>
<language><json:string>unknown</json:string>
</language>
<issn><json:string>0954-4119</json:string>
</issn>
<eissn><json:string>2041-6518</json:string>
</eissn>
<publisherId><json:string>PIH</json:string>
</publisherId>
<volume>212</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<pages><first>121</first>
<last>126</last>
</pages>
<genre><json:string>journal</json:string>
</genre>
</host>
<namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>1998</json:string>
<json:string>1994</json:string>
<json:string>1970s</json:string>
<json:string>1980s</json:string>
</date>
<geogName></geogName>
<orgName><json:string>United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Australia and Japan</json:string>
<json:string>Dental Institute, University of London Abstract</json:string>
<json:string>United Kingdom Laboratory of the Government Chemist</json:string>
</orgName>
<orgName_funder></orgName_funder>
<orgName_provider></orgName_provider>
<persName></persName>
<placeName><json:string>United States of America</json:string>
<json:string>Doylestown</json:string>
<json:string>France</json:string>
</placeName>
<ref_url></ref_url>
<ref_bibl></ref_bibl>
<bibl></bibl>
</unitex>
</namedEntities>
<ark><json:string>ark:/67375/M70-F8TQ7G72-T</json:string>
</ark>
<categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string>
<json:string>2 - engineering, biomedical</json:string>
</wos>
<scienceMetrix></scienceMetrix>
<scopus><json:string>1 - Physical Sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - Engineering</json:string>
<json:string>3 - Mechanical Engineering</json:string>
<json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string>
<json:string>3 - General Medicine</json:string>
</scopus>
<inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string>
<json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string>
<json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string>
<json:string>4 - radiotherapie. traitement instrumental. physiotherapie. reeducation. readaptation, orthophonie, crenotherapie. traitement dietetique et traitements divers (generalites)</json:string>
</inist>
</categories>
<publicationDate>1998</publicationDate>
<copyrightDate>1998</copyrightDate>
<doi><json:string>10.1243/0954411981533890</json:string>
</doi>
<id>25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE</id>
<score>1</score>
<fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension>
<original>true</original>
<mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE/fulltext/pdf</uri>
</json:item>
<json:item><extension>zip</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/zip</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE/fulltext/zip</uri>
</json:item>
<istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry</title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority>
<publisher scheme="https://publisher-list.data.istex.fr">SAGE Publications</publisher>
<pubPlace>Sage UK: London, England</pubPlace>
<availability><licence><p>© 1998 Institution of Mechanical Engineers</p>
</licence>
<p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-0J1N7DQT-B">sage</p>
</availability>
<date>1998</date>
</publicationStmt>
<notesStmt><note type="research-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</note>
<note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note>
</notesStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry</title>
<author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">J W</forename>
<surname>Nicholson</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation>University of London Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, King's Dental Institute</affiliation>
</author>
<idno type="istex">25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE</idno>
<idno type="ark">ark:/67375/M70-F8TQ7G72-T</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1243/0954411981533890</idno>
<idno type="article-id">10.1243_0954411981533890</idno>
</analytic>
<monogr><title level="j">Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H: Journal of engineering in medicine</title>
<idno type="pISSN">0954-4119</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2041-6518</idno>
<idno type="publisher-id">PIH</idno>
<idno type="PublisherID-hwp">sppih</idno>
<imprint><publisher>SAGE Publications</publisher>
<pubPlace>Sage UK: London, England</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="1998"></date>
<biblScope unit="volume">212</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="121">121</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="126">126</biblScope>
</imprint>
</monogr>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><creation><date>1998</date>
</creation>
<langUsage><language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
<abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper describes the current uses and future prospects for glass-ionomer cements in dentistry and medicine. Glass-ionomers divide into two chemical types, one is known as self-hardening and sets entirely by a neutralization reaction to give relatively brittle materials, the other is known as resin-modified and sets partly by polymerization and partly by neutralization to give slightly tougher materials. Compared with the self-hardening cements, these latter materials have improved aesthetics and easier clinical handling. Both types bond well to enamel and dentine, and release clinically useful amounts of fluoride. They have been used in a variety of applications in dentistry, including as liners/bases, luting cements for stainless steel crowns, and in various restorative procedures for both permanent and primary teeth. The resin-modified glass-ionomers are particularly promising for these latter uses, though it is too soon to be sure how durable they will prove to be over the longer term. Self-hardened glass-ionomers have been shown to have much better biocompati-bility than resin-modified glass-ionomers in a variety of situations and consequently they have been used for various non-dental applications, such as ear, nose and throat surgery and craniofacial reconstruction.</p>
</abstract>
<textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head>
<item><term>glass-ionomer cements</term>
</item>
<item><term>resin-modified</term>
</item>
<item><term>dentistry</term>
</item>
<item><term>surgery</term>
</item>
</list>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc><change when="1998">Published</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
</istex:fulltextTEI>
<json:item><extension>txt</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>text/plain</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE/fulltext/txt</uri>
</json:item>
</fulltext>
<metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus sage not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration>
<istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType>
<istex:document><article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="2.3" xml:lang="EN"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PIH</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">sppih</journal-id>
<journal-title>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0954-4119</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2041-6518</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>SAGE Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Sage UK: London, England</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1243/0954411981533890</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10.1243_0954411981533890</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nicholson</surname>
<given-names>J W</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1-0954411981533890">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1-0954411981533890"><label>1</label>
University of London Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, King's Dental Institute</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub"><day>1</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>1998</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>212</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>121</fpage>
<lpage>126</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 1998 Institution of Mechanical Engineers</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>1998</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder content-type="other">Institution of Mechanical Engineers</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<abstract><title>Abstract</title>
<p>This paper describes the current uses and future prospects for glass-ionomer cements in dentistry and medicine. Glass-ionomers divide into two chemical types, one is known as self-hardening and sets entirely by a neutralization reaction to give relatively brittle materials, the other is known as resin-modified and sets partly by polymerization and partly by neutralization to give slightly tougher materials. Compared with the self-hardening cements, these latter materials have improved aesthetics and easier clinical handling. Both types bond well to enamel and dentine, and release clinically useful amounts of fluoride. They have been used in a variety of applications in dentistry, including as liners/bases, luting cements for stainless steel crowns, and in various restorative procedures for both permanent and primary teeth. The resin-modified glass-ionomers are particularly promising for these latter uses, though it is too soon to be sure how durable they will prove to be over the longer term. Self-hardened glass-ionomers have been shown to have much better biocompati-bility than resin-modified glass-ionomers in a variety of situations and consequently they have been used for various non-dental applications, such as ear, nose and throat surgery and craniofacial reconstruction.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>glass-ionomer cements</kwd>
<kwd>resin-modified</kwd>
<kwd>dentistry</kwd>
<kwd>surgery</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<back><ref-list><title>References</title>
<ref id="bibr1-0954411981533890"><label>1</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. D.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Kent</surname> 
                     <given-names>B. E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>A new translucent cement for dentistry</article-title>
. <source>Br. Dent. J.</source>
, <year>1972</year>
, <volume>132</volume>
, <fpage>133</fpage>
–<lpage>135</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr2-0954411981533890"><label>2</label>
<citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. D.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Nicholson</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <source>Acid-Base Cements: Their Biomedical and Industrial Applications</source>
, <year>1993</year>
 (<publisher-name>The University Press</publisher-name>
, <publisher-loc>Cambridge</publisher-loc>
).</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr3-0954411981533890"><label>3</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wasson</surname> 
                     <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Nicholson</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Effect of operator skill in determining the physical properties of glass-ionomer cements</article-title>
. <source>Clin. Mater.</source>
, <year>1994</year>
, <volume>15</volume>
, <fpage>169</fpage>
–<lpage>173</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr4-0954411981533890"><label>4</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nicholson</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Polyelectrolyte materials: Reflections on a highly charged topic</article-title>
. <source>Chem. Soc. Rev.</source>
, <year>1994</year>
, <volume>23</volume>
, <fpage>53</fpage>
–<lpage>58</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr5-0954411981533890"><label>5</label>
<citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. D.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>McLean</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <source>Glass-Ionomer Cement</source>
, <year>1988</year>
 (<publisher-name>Quintessence Publishers</publisher-name>
, <publisher-loc>Chicago</publisher-loc>
).</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr6-0954411981533890"><label>6</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Crisp</surname> 
                     <given-names>S.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Fener</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. J.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Lewis</surname> 
                     <given-names>B. G.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Properties of improved glass-ionomer formulations</article-title>
. <source>J. Dentistry</source>
, <year>1975</year>
, <volume>3</volume>
, <fpage>125</fpage>
–<lpage>130</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr7-0954411981533890"><label>7</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. D.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Crisp</surname> 
                     <given-names>S.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Fener</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Reactions in glass-ionomer cements: IV Effect of chelating comonomers</article-title>
. <source>J. Dent. Res.</source>
, <year>1976</year>
, <volume>55</volume>
, <fpage>489</fpage>
–<lpage>495</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr8-0954411981533890"><label>8</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wasson</surname> 
                     <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Nicholson</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>A study of the relationship between the setting chemistry and properties of modified glass polyalkenoate cements</article-title>
. <source>Br. Polym. J</source>
, <year>1990</year>
, <volume>23</volume>
, <fpage>179</fpage>
–<lpage>183</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr9-0954411981533890"><label>9</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hill</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. G.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Some structural aspects of glasses used in ionomer cements</article-title>
. <source>Glass Technol.</source>
, <year>1988</year>
, <volume>29</volume>
, <fpage>150</fpage>
–<lpage>188</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr10-0954411981533890"><label>10</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ikegami</surname> 
                     <given-names>A.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Imai</surname> 
                     <given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Precipitation of polyelectrolytcs by salts</article-title>
. <source>J. Polym. Sci.</source>
, <year>1962</year>
, <volume>56</volume>
, <fpage>133</fpage>
–<lpage>152</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr11-0954411981533890"><label>11</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Matsuya</surname> 
                     <given-names>S.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Maeda</surname> 
                     <given-names>T.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Ohta</surname> 
                     <given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>IR and NMR analyses of hardening and maturation of glass-ionomer cement</article-title>
. <source>J. Dent. Res.</source>
, <year>1996</year>
, <volume>75</volume>
, <fpage>1920</fpage>
–<lpage>1926</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr12-0954411981533890"><label>12</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wasson</surname> 
                     <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Nicholson</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>New aspects of the setting of glass-ionomer cements</article-title>
. <source>J. Dent. Res.</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>72</volume>
, <fpage>481</fpage>
–<lpage>483</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr13-0954411981533890"><label>13</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Billington</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. W.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Williams</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Increase in compressive strength of glass ionomer restorative materials with respect to time</article-title>
. <source>J. Oral Rehabil.</source>
, <year>1991</year>
, <volume>18</volume>
, <fpage>163</fpage>
–<lpage>168</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr14-0954411981533890"><label>14</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Akinmade</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. O.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Nicholson</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Review of glass-ionomers as adhesives. 1 Fundamental aspects and their clinical significance</article-title>
. <source>J. Mater. Sci. Mater, in Medicine</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>4</volume>
, <fpage>95</fpage>
–<lpage>101</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr15-0954411981533890"><label>15</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tyas</surname> 
                     <given-names>M. J.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Beech</surname> 
                     <given-names>D. R.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Clinical performance of three restorative materials for non-undercut abrasion lesions</article-title>
. <source>Aust. Dent. J.</source>
, <year>1985</year>
, <volume>30</volume>
, <fpage>260</fpage>
–<lpage>264</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr16-0954411981533890"><label>16</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Reich</surname> 
                     <given-names>E.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Volkl</surname> 
                     <given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Class V restorations after four years</article-title>
. <source>J. Dent. Res.</source>
 (special issue), <year>1994</year>
, <volume>73</volume>
, abstract 1394.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr17-0954411981533890"><label>17</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wasson</surname> 
                     <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Reinforced glass-ionomer cement—a review of properties and clinical use</article-title>
. <source>Clin. Mater.</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>12</volume>
, <fpage>181</fpage>
–<lpage>190</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr18-0954411981533890"><label>18</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Oldfield</surname> 
                     <given-names>C. W.B.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Ellis</surname> 
                     <given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Fibrous reinforcement of glass-ionomer cements</article-title>
. <source>Clin. Mater.</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>7</volume>
, <fpage>313</fpage>
–<lpage>322</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr19-0954411981533890"><label>19</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Swartz</surname> 
                     <given-names>M. L.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Phillips</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. W.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Clark</surname> 
                     <given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Long-term fluoride release from glass ionomer cements</article-title>
. <source>J. Dent. Res.</source>
, <year>1984</year>
, <volume>63</volume>
, <fpage>158</fpage>
–<lpage>160</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr20-0954411981533890"><label>20</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. D.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Groffman</surname> 
                     <given-names>D. M.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Kuhn</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. T.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>The release of fluoride and other chemical species from a glass-ionomer cement</article-title>
. <source>Biomaterials</source>
, <year>1985</year>
, <volume>6</volume>
, <fpage>431</fpage>
–<lpage>433</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr21-0954411981533890"><label>21</label>
<citation citation-type="other" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mitra</surname> 
                     <given-names>S. B.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <source>Eur. Pat. Application 0323120A2</source>
, <year>1989</year>
; Antonucci, J. M., McKinney, J. E. and Stansbury, J. W. US Pat. Application 160,856, <year>1988</year>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr22-0954411981533890"><label>22</label>
<citation citation-type="other" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Anstice</surname> 
                     <given-names>H. M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Recent developments in restorative dental materials</article-title>
. <source>Chem. and Ind. (Lond.)</source>
, <year>1994</year>
, <fpage>899</fpage>
–<lpage>902</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr23-0954411981533890"><label>23</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Anstice</surname> 
                     <given-names>H. M.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Nicholson</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Studies on the structure of light-curable glass-ionomer cements</article-title>
. <source>J. Mater. Sci., Mater. in Medicine</source>
, <year>1992</year>
, <volume>3</volume>
, <fpage>447</fpage>
–<lpage>451</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr24-0954411981533890"><label>24</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nicholson</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Anstice</surname> 
                     <given-names>H. M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Light-curable glass-ionomer cements for dentistry</article-title>
. <source>Trends in Polym. Sci.</source>
, <year>1994</year>
, <volume>2</volume>
, <fpage>272</fpage>
–<lpage>275</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr25-0954411981533890"><label>25</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Watson</surname> 
                     <given-names>T. F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>A confocal microscopic study of some factors affecting the adaptation of a light-cured glass ionomer to tooth tissue</article-title>
. <source>J. Dent. Res.</source>
, <year>1990</year>
, <volume>69</volume>
, <fpage>1531</fpage>
–<lpage>1538</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr26-0954411981533890"><label>26</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mitra</surname> 
                     <given-names>S. B.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Adhesion to dentin and physical properties of a light-cured glass ionomer liner/base</article-title>
. <source>J. Dent. Res.</source>
, <year>1991</year>
, <volume>70</volume>
, <fpage>72</fpage>
–<lpage>74</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr27-0954411981533890"><label>27</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Forss</surname> 
                     <given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Release of fluoride and other elements from light-cured glass-ionomers in neutral and acidic conditions</article-title>
. <source>J. Dent. Res.</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>72</volume>
, <fpage>1257</fpage>
–<lpage>1262</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr28-0954411981533890"><label>28</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Croll</surname> 
                     <given-names>T. P.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Killian</surname> 
                     <given-names>C. M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Restoration of Class II carious lesions in primary molars using light-hardening glass-ionomer-resin cements</article-title>
. <source>Quintessence Int.</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>24</volume>
, <fpage>561</fpage>
–<lpage>569</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr29-0954411981533890"><label>29</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Croll</surname> 
                     <given-names>T. P.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Light-hardened Class I glass-ionomer-resin cement restoration of a permanent molar</article-title>
. <source>Quintessence Int.</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>24</volume>
, <fpage>109</fpage>
–<lpage>113</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr30-0954411981533890"><label>30</label>
<citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple"><article-title>Cement for fixed prosthodontics—update 96</article-title>
. <source>Clin. Res. Assoc. Newsletter</source>
, <year>1996</year>
, <volume>20</volume>
 (February), 1–2 (<publisher-name>Clinical Research Associates</publisher-name>
).</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr31-0954411981533890"><label>31</label>
<citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Williams</surname> 
                     <given-names>D. F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <source>Definitions in Biomaterials</source>
, <year>1987</year>
 (<publisher-name>Elsevier</publisher-name>
, <publisher-loc>Amsterdam</publisher-loc>
).</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr32-0954411981533890"><label>32</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Plant</surname> 
                     <given-names>C. G.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Knibbs</surname> 
                     <given-names>P. J.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Tobias</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. S.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Britton</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. S.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Rippin</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Pulpal response to a glass-ionomer luting cement</article-title>
. <source>Br. Dent. J.</source>
, <year>1988</year>
, <volume>165</volume>
, <fpage>54</fpage>
–<lpage>58</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr33-0954411981533890"><label>33</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>McLean</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Alternatives to amalgam</article-title>
. <source>Br. Dent. J.</source>
, <year>1984</year>
, <volume>157</volume>
, <fpage>432</fpage>
–<lpage>433</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr34-0954411981533890"><label>34</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Felton</surname> 
                     <given-names>D. A.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Cox</surname> 
                     <given-names>C. F.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Odom</surname> 
                     <given-names>M.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Kanoy</surname> 
                     <given-names>B. E.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Pulpal response to chemically cured and experimental light-cured glass-ionomer cavity liners</article-title>
. <source>J. Prosthetic Dent.</source>
, <year>1991</year>
, <volume>65</volume>
, <fpage>704</fpage>
–<lpage>712</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr35-0954411981533890"><label>35</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cooper</surname> 
                     <given-names>I. R.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>The response of the human dental pulp to glass-ionomer cements</article-title>
. <source>Int. Endod. J.</source>
, <year>1980</year>
, <volume>13</volume>
, <fpage>76</fpage>
–<lpage>88</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr36-0954411981533890"><label>36</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Plant</surname> 
                     <given-names>C. G.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Browne</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. M.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Knibbs</surname> 
                     <given-names>P. J.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Britton</surname> 
                     <given-names>A. S.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Sorahen</surname> 
                     <given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Pulpal effects of glass ionomer cements</article-title>
. <source>Int. Endod. J.</source>
, <year>1984</year>
, <volume>17</volume>
, <fpage>51</fpage>
–<lpage>59</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr37-0954411981533890"><label>37</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Christensen</surname> 
                     <given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Glass ionomer as a luting material</article-title>
. <source>J. Am. Dent. Assoc.</source>
, <year>1990</year>
, <volume>120</volume>
, <fpage>62</fpage>
–<lpage>69</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr38-0954411981533890"><label>38</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Johnson</surname> 
                     <given-names>G. H.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Powell</surname> 
                     <given-names>L. V.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Deroven</surname> 
                     <given-names>T. V.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Evaluation and control of post-cementation pulpal sensitivity</article-title>
. <source>J. Am. Dent. Assoc.</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>124</volume>
, <fpage>39</fpage>
–<lpage>46</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr39-0954411981533890"><label>39</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Smith</surname> 
                     <given-names>D. C.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Rose</surname> 
                     <given-names>N. D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Acidity of glass-ionomer cements during setting and its relation to pulp sensitivity</article-title>
. <source>J. Am. Dent. Assoc.</source>
, <year>1986</year>
, <volume>112</volume>
, <fpage>654</fpage>
–<lpage>657</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr40-0954411981533890"><label>40</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wasson</surname> 
                     <given-names>E. A.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Nicholson</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Change in pH during setting of polyelectrolyte dental cements</article-title>
. <source>J. Dent.</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>21</volume>
, <fpage>122</fpage>
–<lpage>126</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr41-0954411981533890"><label>41</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bebermeyer</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. D.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Berg</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Comparison of patient perceived post-cementation sensitivity with glass-ionomer and zinc phosphate cement</article-title>
. <source>Quintessence Int.</source>
, <year>1994</year>
, <volume>24</volume>
, <fpage>206</fpage>
–<lpage>214</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr42-0954411981533890"><label>42</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tobias</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. S.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Plant</surname> 
                     <given-names>C. G.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Rippin</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Browne</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Pulpal response to an anhydrous glass-ionomer luting cement</article-title>
. <source>Endod. Dent. Traumatol.</source>
, <year>1989</year>
, <volume>5</volume>
, <fpage>242</fpage>
–<lpage>252</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr43-0954411981533890"><label>43</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pameijer</surname> 
                     <given-names>C. H.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Stanley</surname> 
                     <given-names>H. R.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Biocompatibility of a glass ionomer luting agent in primates. Part I</article-title>
. <source>Am. J. Dentistry</source>
, <year>1988</year>
, <volume>1</volume>
, <fpage>71</fpage>
–<lpage>75</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr44-0954411981533890"><label>44</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Plant</surname> 
                     <given-names>C. G.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Tobias</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. S.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Rippin</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Brooks</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. W.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Browne</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. M.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>A study of the relationship among pulpal response, microbial leakage and particle heterogeneity in a glass-ionomer base material</article-title>
. <source>Dent. Mater.</source>
, <year>1991</year>
, <volume>7</volume>
, <fpage>217</fpage>
–<lpage>222</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr45-0954411981533890"><label>45</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sasanaluckit</surname> 
                     <given-names>P.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Albustany</surname> 
                     <given-names>K. R.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Doherty</surname> 
                     <given-names>P.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Williams</surname> 
                     <given-names>D. F.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements</article-title>
. <source>Biomaterials</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>14</volume>
, <fpage>906</fpage>
–<lpage>916</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr46-0954411981533890"><label>46</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Brook</surname> 
                     <given-names>I. M.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Craig</surname> 
                     <given-names>G. T.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Lamb</surname> 
                     <given-names>D. J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Initial <italic>in vivo</italic>
 evaluation of glass-ionomer cements for use as alveolar bone substitutes</article-title>
. <source>Clin. Mater.</source>
, <year>1991</year>
, <volume>7</volume>
, <fpage>543</fpage>
–<lpage>547</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr47-0954411981533890"><label>47</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jonck</surname> 
                     <given-names>L. M.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Grobbelaar</surname> 
                     <given-names>C. J.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Strating</surname> 
                     <given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>The biocompatibility of glass-ionomer cement in joint replacement: Bulk testing</article-title>
. <source>Clin. Mater.</source>
, <year>1989</year>
, <volume>4</volume>
, <fpage>85</fpage>
–<lpage>107</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr48-0954411981533890"><label>48</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jonck</surname> 
                     <given-names>L. M.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Grobbelaar</surname> 
                     <given-names>C. J.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Strating</surname> 
                     <given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Biological evaluation of glass-ionomer cement (Ketac-O) as an interface material in total joint replacement</article-title>
. <source>Clin. Mater.</source>
, <year>1989</year>
, <volume>4</volume>
, <fpage>201</fpage>
–<lpage>224</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr49-0954411981533890"><label>49</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ramsden</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. T.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Herdman</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. C.D.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Lye</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. H.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Ionomeric bone cement in neuro-otologic surgery</article-title>
. <source>J. Laryngol. and Otol.</source>
, <year>1992</year>
, <volume>106</volume>
, <fpage>949</fpage>
–<lpage>953</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr50-0954411981533890"><label>50</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Babighian</surname> 
                     <given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Use of a glass-ionomer cement in otological surgery. A preliminary report</article-title>
. <source>J. Laryngol. and Otol.</source>
, <year>1992</year>
, <volume>106</volume>
, <fpage>954</fpage>
–<lpage>959</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr51-0954411981533890"><label>51</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Geyer</surname> 
                     <given-names>G.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Helms</surname> 
                     <given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Ionomer based bone substitute in otologic surgery</article-title>
. <source>Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>250</volume>
, <fpage>253</fpage>
–<lpage>256</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr52-0954411981533890"><label>52</label>
<citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Geyer</surname> 
                     <given-names>G.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Helms</surname> 
                     <given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Alloplastic materials in skull base reconstruction</article-title>
. In <source>Surgery of Cranial Base Tumors</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, pp. <fpage>461</fpage>
–<lpage>469</lpage>
 (<publisher-name>Raven Press</publisher-name>
, <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>
).</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr53-0954411981533890"><label>53</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Renard</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. L.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Felton</surname> 
                     <given-names>D.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Bequet</surname> 
                     <given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Postoperative otoneurosurgery aluminium encephalopathy</article-title>
. <source>Lancet</source>
, <year>1994</year>
, <volume>344</volume>
 (<issue>63</issue>
), <fpage>8914</fpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr54-0954411981533890"><label>54</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Meyer</surname> 
                     <given-names>U.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Szulczewski</surname> 
                     <given-names>D. H.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Barckhaus</surname> 
                     <given-names>R. H.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Atkinson</surname> 
                     <given-names>M.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Jones</surname> 
                     <given-names>D. B.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Biological evaluation of an ionomeric bone cement by osteoblast cell culture</article-title>
. <source>Biomaterials</source>
, <year>1993</year>
, <volume>14</volume>
, <fpage>917</fpage>
–<lpage>924</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr55-0954411981533890"><label>55</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Birchall</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. D.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Exley</surname> 
                     <given-names>C.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Chappell</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. S.</given-names>
</name> 
                  <name name-style="western"><surname>Phillips</surname> 
                     <given-names>M. J.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>Acute aluminium toxicity to fish eliminated in silicon-rich acid waters</article-title>
. <source>Nature</source>
, <year>1989</year>
, <volume>338</volume>
, <fpage>146</fpage>
–<lpage>148</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
<ref id="bibr56-0954411981533890"><label>56</label>
<citation citation-type="journal" xlink:type="simple"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Birchall</surname> 
                     <given-names>J. D.</given-names>
</name>
</person-group> 
               <article-title>The essentiality of silicon in biology</article-title>
. <source>Chem. Soc. Rev.</source>
, <year>1995</year>
, <volume>24</volume>
, <fpage>351</fpage>
–<lpage>357</lpage>
.</citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
</istex:document>
</istex:metadataXml>
<mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J W</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Nicholson</namePart>
<affiliation>University of London Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, King's Dental Institute</affiliation>
</name>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre>
<originInfo><publisher>SAGE Publications</publisher>
<place><placeTerm type="text">Sage UK: London, England</placeTerm>
</place>
<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1998</dateIssued>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1998</copyrightDate>
</originInfo>
<language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm>
</language>
<abstract lang="en">This paper describes the current uses and future prospects for glass-ionomer cements in dentistry and medicine. Glass-ionomers divide into two chemical types, one is known as self-hardening and sets entirely by a neutralization reaction to give relatively brittle materials, the other is known as resin-modified and sets partly by polymerization and partly by neutralization to give slightly tougher materials. Compared with the self-hardening cements, these latter materials have improved aesthetics and easier clinical handling. Both types bond well to enamel and dentine, and release clinically useful amounts of fluoride. They have been used in a variety of applications in dentistry, including as liners/bases, luting cements for stainless steel crowns, and in various restorative procedures for both permanent and primary teeth. The resin-modified glass-ionomers are particularly promising for these latter uses, though it is too soon to be sure how durable they will prove to be over the longer term. Self-hardened glass-ionomers have been shown to have much better biocompati-bility than resin-modified glass-ionomers in a variety of situations and consequently they have been used for various non-dental applications, such as ear, nose and throat surgery and craniofacial reconstruction.</abstract>
<subject><genre>Keywords</genre>
<topic>glass-ionomer cements</topic>
<topic>resin-modified</topic>
<topic>dentistry</topic>
<topic>surgery</topic>
</subject>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H: Journal of engineering in medicine</title>
</titleInfo>
<genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre>
<identifier type="ISSN">0954-4119</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">2041-6518</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">PIH</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">sppih</identifier>
<part><date>1998</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>212</number>
</detail>
<detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption>
<number>2</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>121</start>
<end>126</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<identifier type="istex">25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE</identifier>
<identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/M70-F8TQ7G72-T</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1243/0954411981533890</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">10.1243_0954411981533890</identifier>
<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 1998 Institution of Mechanical Engineers</accessCondition>
<recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-0J1N7DQT-B">sage</recordContentSource>
<recordOrigin>© 1998 Institution of Mechanical Engineers</recordOrigin>
</recordInfo>
</mods>
<json:item><extension>json</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/json</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE/metadata/json</uri>
</json:item>
</metadata>
<serie></serie>
</istex>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV2/Data/Istex/Corpus

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001243 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001243 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Santé
   |area=    EdenteV2
   |flux=    Istex
   |étape=   Corpus
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     ISTEX:25B162A7D24387E74BD8F034659E6A98205984AE
   |texte=   Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry
}}

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32.
Data generation: Thu Nov 30 15:26:48 2017. Site generation: Tue Mar 8 16:36:20 2022

	Serveur d'exploration sur le patient édenté
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Serveur d'exploration sur le patient édenté

Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry

Glass-ionomers in medicine and dentistry

Source :

English descriptors

Abstract

Links to Exploration step

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri