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Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Identifieur interne : 001034 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001033; suivant : 001035

Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs

Auteurs : Lindsay E. Zanno

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:20EFC7FEC6867923F21950CB7AAF6C5804AA85BF

English descriptors

Abstract

Falcarius utahensis, from the lower Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, represents the most complete and morphologically primitive therizinosaur yet discovered. Since initial publication, only the braincase, pectoral girdle, and forelimb of this phylogenetically important taxon have been subject to detailed investigation. This work completes the description of skeletal material prepared from the Crystal Geyser Quarry subsequent to the first five years of excavation – including elements of the skull, axial column, pelvis, and hind limb of this phylogenetically critical theropod – and presents an emended and significantly expanded diagnosis. Results of this study reveal a significant degree of morphological disparity between Falcarius utahensis and the evidently coeval primitive therizinosaur Beipiaosaurus inexpectus from the Yixian Formation, People's Republic of China and help characterize morphological transformations occurring in the therizinosaur lineage that are of phylogenetic significance, particularly with regard to the highly derived presacral axial column. Finally, Falcarius documents that marked heterodonty – characterized by elongate, incisiform rostral teeth – is present in basal therizinosaurs and oviraptorosaurs (i.e. Incisivosaurus gauthieri, Protarchaeopteryx robusta), and either represents a synapomorphy or symplesiomorphy for these groups or an early phase in the convergent progression toward rostral endentulism. Nonetheless, heterodonty suggests that diet was a primary factor in the early evolution of both clades.

Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00464.x

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:20EFC7FEC6867923F21950CB7AAF6C5804AA85BF

Le document en format XML

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<term>Abbreviation</term>
<term>Accessory</term>
<term>Acetabulum</term>
<term>Alxasaurus</term>
<term>American museum novitates</term>
<term>Ange</term>
<term>Antorbital</term>
<term>Antorbital fenestra</term>
<term>Articular</term>
<term>Articular surface</term>
<term>Articulation</term>
<term>Astragalar</term>
<term>Astragalar body</term>
<term>Astragalus</term>
<term>Asymmetrical</term>
<term>Attened</term>
<term>Avimimus</term>
<term>Axial column</term>
<term>Barsbold</term>
<term>Basal</term>
<term>Basal therizinosaurs</term>
<term>Beipiaosaurus</term>
<term>Brevispinus</term>
<term>Brochu</term>
<term>Bula</term>
<term>Bular</term>
<term>Bular crest</term>
<term>Bular fossa</term>
<term>Calcaneum</term>
<term>California press</term>
<term>Canadian journal</term>
<term>Carina</term>
<term>Carnivorous dinosaurs</term>
<term>Caudal</term>
<term>Caudal aspect</term>
<term>Caudal margin</term>
<term>Caudal surface</term>
<term>Caudal vertebrae</term>
<term>Caudal view</term>
<term>Caudally</term>
<term>Centrodiapophyseal</term>
<term>Centrum</term>
<term>Cervical</term>
<term>Cervical series</term>
<term>Cervical vertebrae</term>
<term>Cervicodorsal</term>
<term>Chevron</term>
<term>Clade</term>
<term>Cnemial</term>
<term>Cnemial crest</term>
<term>Coelurosaurs</term>
<term>Collateral</term>
<term>Collateral ligament pits</term>
<term>Condyle</term>
<term>Conical</term>
<term>Cranial</term>
<term>Cranial aspect</term>
<term>Cranial dorsal vertebrae</term>
<term>Cranial surface</term>
<term>Cranial view</term>
<term>Cranially</term>
<term>Craniocaudally</term>
<term>Cretaceous</term>
<term>Currie</term>
<term>Dentary</term>
<term>Dentary teeth</term>
<term>Denticle</term>
<term>Dinosaur</term>
<term>Dinosauria</term>
<term>Distal</term>
<term>Distal articular surface</term>
<term>Distal condyles</term>
<term>Distal shaft</term>
<term>Distal tarsal</term>
<term>Distal tibia</term>
<term>Distally</term>
<term>Dong</term>
<term>Dorsal</term>
<term>Dorsal margin</term>
<term>Dorsal vertebrae</term>
<term>Dorsal view</term>
<term>Dorsally</term>
<term>Dorsoventrally</term>
<term>Dromaeosaur</term>
<term>Early cretaceous</term>
<term>Early evolution</term>
<term>Erliansaurus</term>
<term>Erlikosaurus</term>
<term>Extensor</term>
<term>Extensor ligament</term>
<term>Facet</term>
<term>Falcarius</term>
<term>Falcarius utahensis</term>
<term>Femoral</term>
<term>Femoral head</term>
<term>Femur</term>
<term>Fenestra</term>
<term>Foramen</term>
<term>Forelimb</term>
<term>Fossa</term>
<term>Furcula</term>
<term>Gracile</term>
<term>Graffami</term>
<term>Greater trochanter</term>
<term>Groove</term>
<term>Hind limb</term>
<term>Holotype</term>
<term>Iliac</term>
<term>Iliac peduncle</term>
<term>Ilium</term>
<term>Incisivosaurus</term>
<term>Inexpectus</term>
<term>Infrapostzygapophyseal</term>
<term>Intercondylar</term>
<term>Ischiadic</term>
<term>Ischiadic peduncle</term>
<term>Ischium</term>
<term>Ivpp</term>
<term>Kirkland</term>
<term>Kirkland wolfe</term>
<term>Lamina</term>
<term>Late cretaceous</term>
<term>Lateral</term>
<term>Lateral condyle</term>
<term>Lateral margin</term>
<term>Lateral surface</term>
<term>Lateral view</term>
<term>Laterally</term>
<term>Lesser trochanter</term>
<term>Ligament</term>
<term>Linnean</term>
<term>Linnean society</term>
<term>Lower yixian formation</term>
<term>Makovicky</term>
<term>Mandibular</term>
<term>Mandibular elements</term>
<term>Maniraptoran</term>
<term>Maniraptorans</term>
<term>Manual unguals</term>
<term>Maxilla</term>
<term>Maxillary</term>
<term>Mckinleyi</term>
<term>Medial</term>
<term>Medial aspect</term>
<term>Medial condyle</term>
<term>Medial surface</term>
<term>Medially</term>
<term>Median ridge</term>
<term>Metatarsal</term>
<term>Metatarsus</term>
<term>Mongolia</term>
<term>Morphology</term>
<term>Natural history</term>
<term>Neimongosaurus</term>
<term>Neural</term>
<term>Neural arch</term>
<term>Neural spines</term>
<term>Norell</term>
<term>Norell makovicky</term>
<term>Nothronychus</term>
<term>Novitates</term>
<term>Obturator</term>
<term>Orientated</term>
<term>Ornithomimosaurs</term>
<term>Osteology</term>
<term>Other coelurosaurs</term>
<term>Other therizinosaurs</term>
<term>Other theropods</term>
<term>Oviraptorosaurs</term>
<term>Paleontology</term>
<term>Pectoral girdle</term>
<term>Peduncle</term>
<term>Pelvis</term>
<term>Perle</term>
<term>Phalange</term>
<term>Phylogenetic</term>
<term>Pneumatic</term>
<term>Pneumatic foramen</term>
<term>Postorbital</term>
<term>Postorbital processes</term>
<term>Postzygadiapophyseal lamina</term>
<term>Postzygapophyses</term>
<term>Preacetabular</term>
<term>Preacetabular blade</term>
<term>Primitive therizinosaur</term>
<term>Proximal</term>
<term>Proximal articular surface</term>
<term>Proximal aspect</term>
<term>Proximally</term>
<term>Pubic</term>
<term>Pubic apron</term>
<term>Pubic boot</term>
<term>Pubic peduncle</term>
<term>Pubis</term>
<term>Quadrate</term>
<term>Quadrate body</term>
<term>Rauhut</term>
<term>Robust</term>
<term>Rostral</term>
<term>Rostral teeth</term>
<term>Rostrally</term>
<term>Russell dong</term>
<term>Sacral</term>
<term>Sacral vertebrae</term>
<term>Segnosaurus</term>
<term>Subequal</term>
<term>Subrectangular</term>
<term>Subtriangular</term>
<term>Sulcus</term>
<term>Surangular</term>
<term>Tarsal</term>
<term>Taxon</term>
<term>Therizinosaur</term>
<term>Therizinosaur lineage</term>
<term>Therizinosaur taxa</term>
<term>Therizinosauroid</term>
<term>Therizinosaurs</term>
<term>Theropod</term>
<term>Theropoda</term>
<term>Tibia</term>
<term>Transverse processes</term>
<term>Trochanter</term>
<term>Troodontids</term>
<term>Tubercle</term>
<term>Tuberosity</term>
<term>Umnh</term>
<term>Unguals</term>
<term>Upper cretaceous</term>
<term>Utahensis</term>
<term>Velociraptor</term>
<term>Ventral</term>
<term>Ventral margin</term>
<term>Ventral surface</term>
<term>Ventrally</term>
<term>Vertebra</term>
<term>Vertebrate</term>
<term>Vertebrate paleontology</term>
<term>Wang</term>
<term>Yixian</term>
<term>Zanno</term>
<term>Zhang</term>
<term>Zoological</term>
<term>Zoological journal</term>
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<term>Abbreviation</term>
<term>Accessory</term>
<term>Acetabulum</term>
<term>Alxasaurus</term>
<term>American museum novitates</term>
<term>Ange</term>
<term>Antorbital</term>
<term>Antorbital fenestra</term>
<term>Articular</term>
<term>Articular surface</term>
<term>Articulation</term>
<term>Astragalar</term>
<term>Astragalar body</term>
<term>Astragalus</term>
<term>Asymmetrical</term>
<term>Attened</term>
<term>Avimimus</term>
<term>Axial column</term>
<term>Barsbold</term>
<term>Basal</term>
<term>Basal therizinosaurs</term>
<term>Beipiaosaurus</term>
<term>Brevispinus</term>
<term>Brochu</term>
<term>Bula</term>
<term>Bular</term>
<term>Bular crest</term>
<term>Bular fossa</term>
<term>Calcaneum</term>
<term>California press</term>
<term>Canadian journal</term>
<term>Carina</term>
<term>Carnivorous dinosaurs</term>
<term>Caudal</term>
<term>Caudal aspect</term>
<term>Caudal margin</term>
<term>Caudal surface</term>
<term>Caudal vertebrae</term>
<term>Caudal view</term>
<term>Caudally</term>
<term>Centrodiapophyseal</term>
<term>Centrum</term>
<term>Cervical</term>
<term>Cervical series</term>
<term>Cervical vertebrae</term>
<term>Cervicodorsal</term>
<term>Chevron</term>
<term>Clade</term>
<term>Cnemial</term>
<term>Cnemial crest</term>
<term>Coelurosaurs</term>
<term>Collateral</term>
<term>Collateral ligament pits</term>
<term>Condyle</term>
<term>Conical</term>
<term>Cranial</term>
<term>Cranial aspect</term>
<term>Cranial dorsal vertebrae</term>
<term>Cranial surface</term>
<term>Cranial view</term>
<term>Cranially</term>
<term>Craniocaudally</term>
<term>Cretaceous</term>
<term>Currie</term>
<term>Dentary</term>
<term>Dentary teeth</term>
<term>Denticle</term>
<term>Dinosaur</term>
<term>Dinosauria</term>
<term>Distal</term>
<term>Distal articular surface</term>
<term>Distal condyles</term>
<term>Distal shaft</term>
<term>Distal tarsal</term>
<term>Distal tibia</term>
<term>Distally</term>
<term>Dong</term>
<term>Dorsal</term>
<term>Dorsal margin</term>
<term>Dorsal vertebrae</term>
<term>Dorsal view</term>
<term>Dorsally</term>
<term>Dorsoventrally</term>
<term>Dromaeosaur</term>
<term>Early cretaceous</term>
<term>Early evolution</term>
<term>Erliansaurus</term>
<term>Erlikosaurus</term>
<term>Extensor</term>
<term>Extensor ligament</term>
<term>Facet</term>
<term>Falcarius</term>
<term>Falcarius utahensis</term>
<term>Femoral</term>
<term>Femoral head</term>
<term>Femur</term>
<term>Fenestra</term>
<term>Foramen</term>
<term>Forelimb</term>
<term>Fossa</term>
<term>Furcula</term>
<term>Gracile</term>
<term>Graffami</term>
<term>Greater trochanter</term>
<term>Groove</term>
<term>Hind limb</term>
<term>Holotype</term>
<term>Iliac</term>
<term>Iliac peduncle</term>
<term>Ilium</term>
<term>Incisivosaurus</term>
<term>Inexpectus</term>
<term>Infrapostzygapophyseal</term>
<term>Intercondylar</term>
<term>Ischiadic</term>
<term>Ischiadic peduncle</term>
<term>Ischium</term>
<term>Ivpp</term>
<term>Kirkland</term>
<term>Kirkland wolfe</term>
<term>Lamina</term>
<term>Late cretaceous</term>
<term>Lateral</term>
<term>Lateral condyle</term>
<term>Lateral margin</term>
<term>Lateral surface</term>
<term>Lateral view</term>
<term>Laterally</term>
<term>Lesser trochanter</term>
<term>Ligament</term>
<term>Linnean</term>
<term>Linnean society</term>
<term>Lower yixian formation</term>
<term>Makovicky</term>
<term>Mandibular</term>
<term>Mandibular elements</term>
<term>Maniraptoran</term>
<term>Maniraptorans</term>
<term>Manual unguals</term>
<term>Maxilla</term>
<term>Maxillary</term>
<term>Mckinleyi</term>
<term>Medial</term>
<term>Medial aspect</term>
<term>Medial condyle</term>
<term>Medial surface</term>
<term>Medially</term>
<term>Median ridge</term>
<term>Metatarsal</term>
<term>Metatarsus</term>
<term>Mongolia</term>
<term>Morphology</term>
<term>Natural history</term>
<term>Neimongosaurus</term>
<term>Neural</term>
<term>Neural arch</term>
<term>Neural spines</term>
<term>Norell</term>
<term>Norell makovicky</term>
<term>Nothronychus</term>
<term>Novitates</term>
<term>Obturator</term>
<term>Orientated</term>
<term>Ornithomimosaurs</term>
<term>Osteology</term>
<term>Other coelurosaurs</term>
<term>Other therizinosaurs</term>
<term>Other theropods</term>
<term>Oviraptorosaurs</term>
<term>Paleontology</term>
<term>Pectoral girdle</term>
<term>Peduncle</term>
<term>Pelvis</term>
<term>Perle</term>
<term>Phalange</term>
<term>Phylogenetic</term>
<term>Pneumatic</term>
<term>Pneumatic foramen</term>
<term>Postorbital</term>
<term>Postorbital processes</term>
<term>Postzygadiapophyseal lamina</term>
<term>Postzygapophyses</term>
<term>Preacetabular</term>
<term>Preacetabular blade</term>
<term>Primitive therizinosaur</term>
<term>Proximal</term>
<term>Proximal articular surface</term>
<term>Proximal aspect</term>
<term>Proximally</term>
<term>Pubic</term>
<term>Pubic apron</term>
<term>Pubic boot</term>
<term>Pubic peduncle</term>
<term>Pubis</term>
<term>Quadrate</term>
<term>Quadrate body</term>
<term>Rauhut</term>
<term>Robust</term>
<term>Rostral</term>
<term>Rostral teeth</term>
<term>Rostrally</term>
<term>Russell dong</term>
<term>Sacral</term>
<term>Sacral vertebrae</term>
<term>Segnosaurus</term>
<term>Subequal</term>
<term>Subrectangular</term>
<term>Subtriangular</term>
<term>Sulcus</term>
<term>Surangular</term>
<term>Tarsal</term>
<term>Taxon</term>
<term>Therizinosaur</term>
<term>Therizinosaur lineage</term>
<term>Therizinosaur taxa</term>
<term>Therizinosauroid</term>
<term>Therizinosaurs</term>
<term>Theropod</term>
<term>Theropoda</term>
<term>Tibia</term>
<term>Transverse processes</term>
<term>Trochanter</term>
<term>Troodontids</term>
<term>Tubercle</term>
<term>Tuberosity</term>
<term>Umnh</term>
<term>Unguals</term>
<term>Upper cretaceous</term>
<term>Utahensis</term>
<term>Velociraptor</term>
<term>Ventral</term>
<term>Ventral margin</term>
<term>Ventral surface</term>
<term>Ventrally</term>
<term>Vertebra</term>
<term>Vertebrate</term>
<term>Vertebrate paleontology</term>
<term>Wang</term>
<term>Yixian</term>
<term>Zanno</term>
<term>Zhang</term>
<term>Zoological</term>
<term>Zoological journal</term>
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<front>
<div type="abstract">Falcarius utahensis, from the lower Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, represents the most complete and morphologically primitive therizinosaur yet discovered. Since initial publication, only the braincase, pectoral girdle, and forelimb of this phylogenetically important taxon have been subject to detailed investigation. This work completes the description of skeletal material prepared from the Crystal Geyser Quarry subsequent to the first five years of excavation – including elements of the skull, axial column, pelvis, and hind limb of this phylogenetically critical theropod – and presents an emended and significantly expanded diagnosis. Results of this study reveal a significant degree of morphological disparity between Falcarius utahensis and the evidently coeval primitive therizinosaur Beipiaosaurus inexpectus from the Yixian Formation, People's Republic of China and help characterize morphological transformations occurring in the therizinosaur lineage that are of phylogenetic significance, particularly with regard to the highly derived presacral axial column. Finally, Falcarius documents that marked heterodonty – characterized by elongate, incisiform rostral teeth – is present in basal therizinosaurs and oviraptorosaurs (i.e. Incisivosaurus gauthieri, Protarchaeopteryx robusta), and either represents a synapomorphy or symplesiomorphy for these groups or an early phase in the convergent progression toward rostral endentulism. Nonetheless, heterodonty suggests that diet was a primary factor in the early evolution of both clades.</div>
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<json:string>eng</json:string>
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<value>North America</value>
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<abstract>Falcarius utahensis, from the lower Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, represents the most complete and morphologically primitive therizinosaur yet discovered. Since initial publication, only the braincase, pectoral girdle, and forelimb of this phylogenetically important taxon have been subject to detailed investigation. This work completes the description of skeletal material prepared from the Crystal Geyser Quarry subsequent to the first five years of excavation – including elements of the skull, axial column, pelvis, and hind limb of this phylogenetically critical theropod – and presents an emended and significantly expanded diagnosis. Results of this study reveal a significant degree of morphological disparity between Falcarius utahensis and the evidently coeval primitive therizinosaur Beipiaosaurus inexpectus from the Yixian Formation, People's Republic of China and help characterize morphological transformations occurring in the therizinosaur lineage that are of phylogenetic significance, particularly with regard to the highly derived presacral axial column. Finally, Falcarius documents that marked heterodonty – characterized by elongate, incisiform rostral teeth – is present in basal therizinosaurs and oviraptorosaurs (i.e. Incisivosaurus gauthieri, Protarchaeopteryx robusta), and either represents a synapomorphy or symplesiomorphy for these groups or an early phase in the convergent progression toward rostral endentulism. Nonetheless, heterodonty suggests that diet was a primary factor in the early evolution of both clades.</abstract>
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<title>Osteology of Falcarius utahensis (Dinosauria: Theropoda): characterizing the anatomy of basal therizinosaurs</title>
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<json:string>sensu Perle, 1979</json:string>
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<json:string>Brochu, 2003</json:string>
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<json:string>Makovicky & Norell, 2004</json:string>
<json:string>Xu, Zhou & Wang, 2000</json:string>
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<json:string>Makovicky, Apesteguia & Agnolin, 2005</json:string>
<json:string>Makovicky, 1997</json:string>
<json:string>Russell & Dong, 2001</json:string>
<json:string>Rozhdestvensky, 1970</json:string>
<json:string>Clark, Norell & Rowe, 2002</json:string>
<json:string>Barsbold & Perle, 1980</json:string>
<json:string>Russell & Dong, 1993</json:string>
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<json:string>Rauhut, 2003</json:string>
<json:string>Xu et al., 2002c</json:string>
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<json:string>Zhang et al., 2001</json:string>
<json:string>Naish & Martill, 2002</json:string>
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<json:string>Carrano, Sampson & Forster, 2002</json:string>
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<json:string>Houck, Gauthier & Strauss, 1990</json:string>
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<json:string>Smith et al., 2009</json:string>
<json:string>Barsbold & Perle, 1984</json:string>
<json:string>Xu & Wang, 2004</json:string>
<json:string>sensu Hutchinson, 2001</json:string>
<json:string>Sues, 1997</json:string>
<json:string>Makovicky (1997)</json:string>
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<json:string>Barsbold, 1981</json:string>
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<json:string>sensu Sues, 1997</json:string>
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<hi rend="italic">Falcarius utahensis</hi>
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<hi rend="italic">Protarchaeopteryx robusta</hi>
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<p>© 2010 The Linnean Society of London,
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, 2010,
<hi rend="bold">158</hi>
, 196–230.</p>
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<i>Incisivosaurus gauthieri</i>
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<i>Protarchaeopteryx robusta</i>
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<p>© 2010 The Linnean Society of London,
<i>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>
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