How to police fraud
Identifieur interne : 000D17 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000D16; suivant : 000D18How to police fraud
Auteurs :Source :
- Nature [ 0028-0836 ] ; 1995-06-22.
Abstract
Only academic institutions can effectively impose sanctions on those found guilty of scientific misconduct.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/375616a0
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<bdy>REACTION in Britain to the serious case of scientific misconduct at St
George's Hospital is in danger of getting out of hand (see Nature 375, 522
& 529; 1995). Not that the facts are in dispute. A published report of the
transplantation of an ectopic pregnancy into the uterus where it properly
belonged was found untrue, and the surgeon primarily responsible for the
publication was reported to the professional licensing authority (the General
Medical Council, or GMC) and has now lost his licence to practice (but is
appealing against the decision). On the face of things, St George's Hospital
acted promptly and properly in dealing with the trouble, although it would have
been better advised to make public the names of those appointed to carry out
its internal investigation. But now the Royal College of Physicians in London
plans a consultation with similar organizations on whether there should be a
central body to coordinate investigations into allegations of scientific fraud.
Nothing in what follows should be construed as a suggestion that fraud in
science is anything but an abomination, a means by which the mutual trust of
colleagues is corroded and the literature corrupted. Nor is it in question that
sanctions of some kind should be applied to those found guilty of misconduct.
The practical difficulty is that only people's employers are in a position to
impose sanctions on transgressors. So much should by now be clear from
experience in the United States. The elaborate procedures by which the National
Institutes of Health (NIH) and their sponsoring department look into
allegations of misconduct yield, when successful, a mouse of a sanction. Those
found guilty may be barred from applying for research grants for a certain
period; they cannot be dismissed from their jobs, because they are not employed
by the NIH. In Britain, a "central body" would be a toothless animal unless it
were established by statute. But what would the legal draughtsmen make of the
concepts of "scientific misconduct" and of "scientist"? And how could the
research community live comfortably with the results of any definitions, which
would certainly be over-sharp and probably an infringement of freedom in
research as well? That is why the best that the physicians can hope for is a
central body that does not have investigatory powers and sanctions of its own,
but which can function as a means of keeping academic institutions up to
scratch. As things are, institutions have more to gain from sweeping scandal
under the rug of public ignorance than from the thorough investigation of
accusations of misconduct. What is needed is a mechanism for compelling
institutions to face up to their responsibilities on fraud. A central body that
did no more than publish once a year a list of all investigations into
misconduct by institutions in its purview, and which commented on their
adequacy, would be a public service. But that is probably the most that can be
done.</bdy>
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