Phylogenetic analysis of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes), with a hypothesis on the monophyly and relationships of the genera
Identifieur interne : 000D34 ( Istex/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000D33; suivant : 000D35Phylogenetic analysis of the family Ariidae (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes), with a hypothesis on the monophyly and relationships of the genera
Auteurs : Alexandre P. Marceniuk [Brésil] ; Naércio A. Menezes [Brésil] ; Marcelo R. Britto [Brésil]Source :
- Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society [ 0024-4082 ] ; 2012-07.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Abbreviation, Accessory, Accessory tooth plates, Acero, Adipose, Ambiguous optimization, Amnh, Amphiarius, Anal, Anchariidae, Ansp, Anterior, Anterior cranial fontanel, Anterior margin, Anterior part, Anterior portion, Anteriorly, Anteroventral, Aortic, Aortic canal, Apomorphic, Ariid, Ariid representatives, Ariidae, Ariids, Ariinae, Arius, Arratia, Articulation, Aspistor, Austroglanididae, Autapomorphies, Autopalatine, Bagre, Bagreinae, Bagridae, Barbel, Basal, Basibranchial, Basioccipital, Batrachocephalus, Bilineata, Bony blade, Bony bridge, Borneensis, Branchiostegal, Britto, Brustiarius, Caelatus, Carlarius, Cathorops, Caudal, Cephalocassis, Ceratobranchial, Ceratohyal, Cetopsidae, Cinetodus, Clade, Cladistic, Claroteidae, Cleithrum, Cochlefelis, Columnar, Common condition, Complex vertebra, Condyle, Contact area, Contact face, Convergent, Couma, Cranial, Cranium, Cranoglanididae, Cryptarius, Dasycephalus, Delimitation, Delimited, Delimiting, Dentary, Diagonal crest, Diplomystidae, Dispar, Distal portion, Distally, Doiichthys, Doradidae, Dorsal, Dorsal view, Dorsally, Dussumieri, Eigenmann, Entire extension, Epibranchial, Epibranchials, Epioccipital, Ethmoid, Exoccipital, Extrascapular, Feliceps, Felis, Fenestra, Fenestra delimited, Fmnh, Fontanel, Foramen, Fossa, Fourth epibranchial, Fourth vertebra, Frontal, Gagora, Galeichthys, Galeichthys feliceps, Genidens, Genus, Grandoculis, Guatemalensis, Hemiarius, Heptapteridae, Herzbergii, Heudelotii, Homoplastic, Homoplastic synapomorphies, Horabagridae, Hyomandibular, Hyomandibular dorsal crest, Hypobranchial, Ictaluridae, Infraorbital, Ingroup, Interopercle, Izabalensis, Jayaram, Kailola, Ketengus, Lacm, Laminar, Lateral, Lateral ethmoid, Lateral face, Lateral horn, Lateral margin, Laterally, Latirostris, Leptaspis, Linnean, Linnean society, Lundberg, Macrorhynchus, Maculatus, Madagascariensis, Marceniuk, Marceniuk menezes, Marinus, Maxilla, Maxillary, Maximally, Medial, Medial crest, Medial groove, Melanochir, Menezes, Mesethmoid, Mesial, Mesial face, Mesially, Metapterygoid, Mochokidae, Monophyletic, Monophyletic condition, Monophyly, Mzusp, Nedystoma, Nella, Nemapteryx, Neoarius, Netuma, Neural spine, Neurocranium, Notarius, Nuchal, Nuchal plate, Occidentarius, Opercle, Optic, Optic foramen, Optimization, Orbitosphenoid, Orbitosphenoid pterosphenoid, Orientated, Ostariophysi, Osteogeneiosus, Otic, Outgroup, Outgroups, Pachyula, Panamensis, Pangasiidae, Papua, Parapophysis, Parasphenoid, Parietosupraoccipital, Parietosupraoccipital process, Parkeri, Passany, Paulo, Pharyngeal, Pharyngobranchial, Phylogenetic, Phylogenetic analysis, Pinna, Pinnimaculatus, Planiceps, Platystomus, Plicofollis, Plicofollis dussumieri, Polystaphylodon, Posterior, Posterior cranial fontanel, Posterior portion, Posterior process, Posteriorly, Posteriorly orientated, Posterolateral, Potamarius, Potamarius grandoculis, Potamarius izabalensis, Potamosilurus, Potamosilurus latirostris, Potamosilurus macrorhynchus, Potamosilurus velutinus, Precathorops, Premaxilla, Present study, Proops, Protractor, Protractor muscle, Proximally, Pterosphenoid, Pterotic, Ramus, Reversal, Sagor, Schilbidae, Sciades, Second basibranchial, Sensu, Sesamoid, Sesamoid bone, Shes, Siluriformes, Sister group, Sister species, Spatula, Spatulate, Species composition, Stormii, Subfamily, Subrectangular, Subtrapezoid, Subtriangular, Subvertebral, Subvertebral process, Suture, Sutured, Synapomorphies, Synapomorphy, Systematics, Taxon, Teleostei, Temporal fossa, Tenuispinis, Thalassina, Third basibranchial, Third epibranchial, Third pharyngobranchial, Tooth plates, Transcapular, Transcapular process, Transversel, Truncate, Tubule, Ummz, Uncinate, Uncinate process, Urohyal, Urohyal posterolateral processes, Usnm, Valenciennes, Velutinus, Ventral, Ventral face, Ventral view, Vertebra, Vomer, Vomerine, Vomerine tooth plates, Zoological, Zoological journal.
- Teeft :
- Abbreviation, Accessory, Accessory tooth plates, Acero, Adipose, Ambiguous optimization, Amnh, Amphiarius, Anal, Anchariidae, Ansp, Anterior, Anterior cranial fontanel, Anterior margin, Anterior part, Anterior portion, Anteriorly, Anteroventral, Aortic, Aortic canal, Apomorphic, Ariid, Ariid representatives, Ariidae, Ariids, Ariinae, Arius, Arratia, Articulation, Aspistor, Austroglanididae, Autapomorphies, Autopalatine, Bagre, Bagreinae, Bagridae, Barbel, Basal, Basibranchial, Basioccipital, Batrachocephalus, Bilineata, Bony blade, Bony bridge, Borneensis, Branchiostegal, Britto, Brustiarius, Caelatus, Carlarius, Cathorops, Caudal, Cephalocassis, Ceratobranchial, Ceratohyal, Cetopsidae, Cinetodus, Clade, Cladistic, Claroteidae, Cleithrum, Cochlefelis, Columnar, Common condition, Complex vertebra, Condyle, Contact area, Contact face, Convergent, Couma, Cranial, Cranium, Cranoglanididae, Cryptarius, Dasycephalus, Delimitation, Delimited, Delimiting, Dentary, Diagonal crest, Diplomystidae, Dispar, Distal portion, Distally, Doiichthys, Doradidae, Dorsal, Dorsal view, Dorsally, Dussumieri, Eigenmann, Entire extension, Epibranchial, Epibranchials, Epioccipital, Ethmoid, Exoccipital, Extrascapular, Feliceps, Felis, Fenestra, Fenestra delimited, Fmnh, Fontanel, Foramen, Fossa, Fourth epibranchial, Fourth vertebra, Frontal, Gagora, Galeichthys, Galeichthys feliceps, Genidens, Genus, Grandoculis, Guatemalensis, Hemiarius, Heptapteridae, Herzbergii, Heudelotii, Homoplastic, Homoplastic synapomorphies, Horabagridae, Hyomandibular, Hyomandibular dorsal crest, Hypobranchial, Ictaluridae, Infraorbital, Ingroup, Interopercle, Izabalensis, Jayaram, Kailola, Ketengus, Lacm, Laminar, Lateral, Lateral ethmoid, Lateral face, Lateral horn, Lateral margin, Laterally, Latirostris, Leptaspis, Linnean, Linnean society, Lundberg, Macrorhynchus, Maculatus, Madagascariensis, Marceniuk, Marceniuk menezes, Marinus, Maxilla, Maxillary, Maximally, Medial, Medial crest, Medial groove, Melanochir, Menezes, Mesethmoid, Mesial, Mesial face, Mesially, Metapterygoid, Mochokidae, Monophyletic, Monophyletic condition, Monophyly, Mzusp, Nedystoma, Nella, Nemapteryx, Neoarius, Netuma, Neural spine, Neurocranium, Notarius, Nuchal, Nuchal plate, Occidentarius, Opercle, Optic, Optic foramen, Optimization, Orbitosphenoid, Orbitosphenoid pterosphenoid, Orientated, Ostariophysi, Osteogeneiosus, Otic, Outgroup, Outgroups, Pachyula, Panamensis, Pangasiidae, Papua, Parapophysis, Parasphenoid, Parietosupraoccipital, Parietosupraoccipital process, Parkeri, Passany, Paulo, Pharyngeal, Pharyngobranchial, Phylogenetic, Phylogenetic analysis, Pinna, Pinnimaculatus, Planiceps, Platystomus, Plicofollis, Plicofollis dussumieri, Polystaphylodon, Posterior, Posterior cranial fontanel, Posterior portion, Posterior process, Posteriorly, Posteriorly orientated, Posterolateral, Potamarius, Potamarius grandoculis, Potamarius izabalensis, Potamosilurus, Potamosilurus latirostris, Potamosilurus macrorhynchus, Potamosilurus velutinus, Precathorops, Premaxilla, Present study, Proops, Protractor, Protractor muscle, Proximally, Pterosphenoid, Pterotic, Ramus, Reversal, Sagor, Schilbidae, Sciades, Second basibranchial, Sensu, Sesamoid, Sesamoid bone, Shes, Siluriformes, Sister group, Sister species, Spatula, Spatulate, Species composition, Stormii, Subfamily, Subrectangular, Subtrapezoid, Subtriangular, Subvertebral, Subvertebral process, Suture, Sutured, Synapomorphies, Synapomorphy, Systematics, Taxon, Teleostei, Temporal fossa, Tenuispinis, Thalassina, Third basibranchial, Third epibranchial, Third pharyngobranchial, Tooth plates, Transcapular, Transcapular process, Transversel, Truncate, Tubule, Ummz, Uncinate, Uncinate process, Urohyal, Urohyal posterolateral processes, Usnm, Valenciennes, Velutinus, Ventral, Ventral face, Ventral view, Vertebra, Vomer, Vomerine, Vomerine tooth plates, Zoological, Zoological journal.
Abstract
Ariid monophyly and intrafamilial relationships are investigated based on cladistic analysis of 230 morphological characters. Terminal taxa examined include whenever possible type‐species, or the most morphologically similar species to the type‐species of the nominal genera, and the largest possible number of species, including cleared and stained specimens, available in zoological collections. Previous hypotheses about monophyly of the Ariidae are strongly corroborated by new synapomorphies discovered in the present study. The subfamily Galeichthyinae and the remaining ariids are strongly supported by new morphological characters. The monotypic subfamily Bagreinae is recognized as the sister group to all nongaleichthyin ariids, supported by a large series of exclusive synapomorphies. A new concept of Ariinae is presented: the subfamily is found to be unequivocally monophyletic and includes all ariid genera, except Galeichthys and Bagre. New data supporting the monophyly of the genera included in the Ariinae are introduced and previous hypotheses of monophyly, species composition, morphological definition, and relationships are reviewed and discussed.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00822.x
Affiliations:
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Abbreviation</term>
<term>Accessory</term>
<term>Accessory tooth plates</term>
<term>Acero</term>
<term>Adipose</term>
<term>Ambiguous optimization</term>
<term>Amnh</term>
<term>Amphiarius</term>
<term>Anal</term>
<term>Anchariidae</term>
<term>Ansp</term>
<term>Anterior</term>
<term>Anterior cranial fontanel</term>
<term>Anterior margin</term>
<term>Anterior part</term>
<term>Anterior portion</term>
<term>Anteriorly</term>
<term>Anteroventral</term>
<term>Aortic</term>
<term>Aortic canal</term>
<term>Apomorphic</term>
<term>Ariid</term>
<term>Ariid representatives</term>
<term>Ariidae</term>
<term>Ariids</term>
<term>Ariinae</term>
<term>Arius</term>
<term>Arratia</term>
<term>Articulation</term>
<term>Aspistor</term>
<term>Austroglanididae</term>
<term>Autapomorphies</term>
<term>Autopalatine</term>
<term>Bagre</term>
<term>Bagreinae</term>
<term>Bagridae</term>
<term>Barbel</term>
<term>Basal</term>
<term>Basibranchial</term>
<term>Basioccipital</term>
<term>Batrachocephalus</term>
<term>Bilineata</term>
<term>Bony blade</term>
<term>Bony bridge</term>
<term>Borneensis</term>
<term>Branchiostegal</term>
<term>Britto</term>
<term>Brustiarius</term>
<term>Caelatus</term>
<term>Carlarius</term>
<term>Cathorops</term>
<term>Caudal</term>
<term>Cephalocassis</term>
<term>Ceratobranchial</term>
<term>Ceratohyal</term>
<term>Cetopsidae</term>
<term>Cinetodus</term>
<term>Clade</term>
<term>Cladistic</term>
<term>Claroteidae</term>
<term>Cleithrum</term>
<term>Cochlefelis</term>
<term>Columnar</term>
<term>Common condition</term>
<term>Complex vertebra</term>
<term>Condyle</term>
<term>Contact area</term>
<term>Contact face</term>
<term>Convergent</term>
<term>Couma</term>
<term>Cranial</term>
<term>Cranium</term>
<term>Cranoglanididae</term>
<term>Cryptarius</term>
<term>Dasycephalus</term>
<term>Delimitation</term>
<term>Delimited</term>
<term>Delimiting</term>
<term>Dentary</term>
<term>Diagonal crest</term>
<term>Diplomystidae</term>
<term>Dispar</term>
<term>Distal portion</term>
<term>Distally</term>
<term>Doiichthys</term>
<term>Doradidae</term>
<term>Dorsal</term>
<term>Dorsal view</term>
<term>Dorsally</term>
<term>Dussumieri</term>
<term>Eigenmann</term>
<term>Entire extension</term>
<term>Epibranchial</term>
<term>Epibranchials</term>
<term>Epioccipital</term>
<term>Ethmoid</term>
<term>Exoccipital</term>
<term>Extrascapular</term>
<term>Feliceps</term>
<term>Felis</term>
<term>Fenestra</term>
<term>Fenestra delimited</term>
<term>Fmnh</term>
<term>Fontanel</term>
<term>Foramen</term>
<term>Fossa</term>
<term>Fourth epibranchial</term>
<term>Fourth vertebra</term>
<term>Frontal</term>
<term>Gagora</term>
<term>Galeichthys</term>
<term>Galeichthys feliceps</term>
<term>Genidens</term>
<term>Genus</term>
<term>Grandoculis</term>
<term>Guatemalensis</term>
<term>Hemiarius</term>
<term>Heptapteridae</term>
<term>Herzbergii</term>
<term>Heudelotii</term>
<term>Homoplastic</term>
<term>Homoplastic synapomorphies</term>
<term>Horabagridae</term>
<term>Hyomandibular</term>
<term>Hyomandibular dorsal crest</term>
<term>Hypobranchial</term>
<term>Ictaluridae</term>
<term>Infraorbital</term>
<term>Ingroup</term>
<term>Interopercle</term>
<term>Izabalensis</term>
<term>Jayaram</term>
<term>Kailola</term>
<term>Ketengus</term>
<term>Lacm</term>
<term>Laminar</term>
<term>Lateral</term>
<term>Lateral ethmoid</term>
<term>Lateral face</term>
<term>Lateral horn</term>
<term>Lateral margin</term>
<term>Laterally</term>
<term>Latirostris</term>
<term>Leptaspis</term>
<term>Linnean</term>
<term>Linnean society</term>
<term>Lundberg</term>
<term>Macrorhynchus</term>
<term>Maculatus</term>
<term>Madagascariensis</term>
<term>Marceniuk</term>
<term>Marceniuk menezes</term>
<term>Marinus</term>
<term>Maxilla</term>
<term>Maxillary</term>
<term>Maximally</term>
<term>Medial</term>
<term>Medial crest</term>
<term>Medial groove</term>
<term>Melanochir</term>
<term>Menezes</term>
<term>Mesethmoid</term>
<term>Mesial</term>
<term>Mesial face</term>
<term>Mesially</term>
<term>Metapterygoid</term>
<term>Mochokidae</term>
<term>Monophyletic</term>
<term>Monophyletic condition</term>
<term>Monophyly</term>
<term>Mzusp</term>
<term>Nedystoma</term>
<term>Nella</term>
<term>Nemapteryx</term>
<term>Neoarius</term>
<term>Netuma</term>
<term>Neural spine</term>
<term>Neurocranium</term>
<term>Notarius</term>
<term>Nuchal</term>
<term>Nuchal plate</term>
<term>Occidentarius</term>
<term>Opercle</term>
<term>Optic</term>
<term>Optic foramen</term>
<term>Optimization</term>
<term>Orbitosphenoid</term>
<term>Orbitosphenoid pterosphenoid</term>
<term>Orientated</term>
<term>Ostariophysi</term>
<term>Osteogeneiosus</term>
<term>Otic</term>
<term>Outgroup</term>
<term>Outgroups</term>
<term>Pachyula</term>
<term>Panamensis</term>
<term>Pangasiidae</term>
<term>Papua</term>
<term>Parapophysis</term>
<term>Parasphenoid</term>
<term>Parietosupraoccipital</term>
<term>Parietosupraoccipital process</term>
<term>Parkeri</term>
<term>Passany</term>
<term>Paulo</term>
<term>Pharyngeal</term>
<term>Pharyngobranchial</term>
<term>Phylogenetic</term>
<term>Phylogenetic analysis</term>
<term>Pinna</term>
<term>Pinnimaculatus</term>
<term>Planiceps</term>
<term>Platystomus</term>
<term>Plicofollis</term>
<term>Plicofollis dussumieri</term>
<term>Polystaphylodon</term>
<term>Posterior</term>
<term>Posterior cranial fontanel</term>
<term>Posterior portion</term>
<term>Posterior process</term>
<term>Posteriorly</term>
<term>Posteriorly orientated</term>
<term>Posterolateral</term>
<term>Potamarius</term>
<term>Potamarius grandoculis</term>
<term>Potamarius izabalensis</term>
<term>Potamosilurus</term>
<term>Potamosilurus latirostris</term>
<term>Potamosilurus macrorhynchus</term>
<term>Potamosilurus velutinus</term>
<term>Precathorops</term>
<term>Premaxilla</term>
<term>Present study</term>
<term>Proops</term>
<term>Protractor</term>
<term>Protractor muscle</term>
<term>Proximally</term>
<term>Pterosphenoid</term>
<term>Pterotic</term>
<term>Ramus</term>
<term>Reversal</term>
<term>Sagor</term>
<term>Schilbidae</term>
<term>Sciades</term>
<term>Second basibranchial</term>
<term>Sensu</term>
<term>Sesamoid</term>
<term>Sesamoid bone</term>
<term>Shes</term>
<term>Siluriformes</term>
<term>Sister group</term>
<term>Sister species</term>
<term>Spatula</term>
<term>Spatulate</term>
<term>Species composition</term>
<term>Stormii</term>
<term>Subfamily</term>
<term>Subrectangular</term>
<term>Subtrapezoid</term>
<term>Subtriangular</term>
<term>Subvertebral</term>
<term>Subvertebral process</term>
<term>Suture</term>
<term>Sutured</term>
<term>Synapomorphies</term>
<term>Synapomorphy</term>
<term>Systematics</term>
<term>Taxon</term>
<term>Teleostei</term>
<term>Temporal fossa</term>
<term>Tenuispinis</term>
<term>Thalassina</term>
<term>Third basibranchial</term>
<term>Third epibranchial</term>
<term>Third pharyngobranchial</term>
<term>Tooth plates</term>
<term>Transcapular</term>
<term>Transcapular process</term>
<term>Transversel</term>
<term>Truncate</term>
<term>Tubule</term>
<term>Ummz</term>
<term>Uncinate</term>
<term>Uncinate process</term>
<term>Urohyal</term>
<term>Urohyal posterolateral processes</term>
<term>Usnm</term>
<term>Valenciennes</term>
<term>Velutinus</term>
<term>Ventral</term>
<term>Ventral face</term>
<term>Ventral view</term>
<term>Vertebra</term>
<term>Vomer</term>
<term>Vomerine</term>
<term>Vomerine tooth plates</term>
<term>Zoological</term>
<term>Zoological journal</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Abbreviation</term>
<term>Accessory</term>
<term>Accessory tooth plates</term>
<term>Acero</term>
<term>Adipose</term>
<term>Ambiguous optimization</term>
<term>Amnh</term>
<term>Amphiarius</term>
<term>Anal</term>
<term>Anchariidae</term>
<term>Ansp</term>
<term>Anterior</term>
<term>Anterior cranial fontanel</term>
<term>Anterior margin</term>
<term>Anterior part</term>
<term>Anterior portion</term>
<term>Anteriorly</term>
<term>Anteroventral</term>
<term>Aortic</term>
<term>Aortic canal</term>
<term>Apomorphic</term>
<term>Ariid</term>
<term>Ariid representatives</term>
<term>Ariidae</term>
<term>Ariids</term>
<term>Ariinae</term>
<term>Arius</term>
<term>Arratia</term>
<term>Articulation</term>
<term>Aspistor</term>
<term>Austroglanididae</term>
<term>Autapomorphies</term>
<term>Autopalatine</term>
<term>Bagre</term>
<term>Bagreinae</term>
<term>Bagridae</term>
<term>Barbel</term>
<term>Basal</term>
<term>Basibranchial</term>
<term>Basioccipital</term>
<term>Batrachocephalus</term>
<term>Bilineata</term>
<term>Bony blade</term>
<term>Bony bridge</term>
<term>Borneensis</term>
<term>Branchiostegal</term>
<term>Britto</term>
<term>Brustiarius</term>
<term>Caelatus</term>
<term>Carlarius</term>
<term>Cathorops</term>
<term>Caudal</term>
<term>Cephalocassis</term>
<term>Ceratobranchial</term>
<term>Ceratohyal</term>
<term>Cetopsidae</term>
<term>Cinetodus</term>
<term>Clade</term>
<term>Cladistic</term>
<term>Claroteidae</term>
<term>Cleithrum</term>
<term>Cochlefelis</term>
<term>Columnar</term>
<term>Common condition</term>
<term>Complex vertebra</term>
<term>Condyle</term>
<term>Contact area</term>
<term>Contact face</term>
<term>Convergent</term>
<term>Couma</term>
<term>Cranial</term>
<term>Cranium</term>
<term>Cranoglanididae</term>
<term>Cryptarius</term>
<term>Dasycephalus</term>
<term>Delimitation</term>
<term>Delimited</term>
<term>Delimiting</term>
<term>Dentary</term>
<term>Diagonal crest</term>
<term>Diplomystidae</term>
<term>Dispar</term>
<term>Distal portion</term>
<term>Distally</term>
<term>Doiichthys</term>
<term>Doradidae</term>
<term>Dorsal</term>
<term>Dorsal view</term>
<term>Dorsally</term>
<term>Dussumieri</term>
<term>Eigenmann</term>
<term>Entire extension</term>
<term>Epibranchial</term>
<term>Epibranchials</term>
<term>Epioccipital</term>
<term>Ethmoid</term>
<term>Exoccipital</term>
<term>Extrascapular</term>
<term>Feliceps</term>
<term>Felis</term>
<term>Fenestra</term>
<term>Fenestra delimited</term>
<term>Fmnh</term>
<term>Fontanel</term>
<term>Foramen</term>
<term>Fossa</term>
<term>Fourth epibranchial</term>
<term>Fourth vertebra</term>
<term>Frontal</term>
<term>Gagora</term>
<term>Galeichthys</term>
<term>Galeichthys feliceps</term>
<term>Genidens</term>
<term>Genus</term>
<term>Grandoculis</term>
<term>Guatemalensis</term>
<term>Hemiarius</term>
<term>Heptapteridae</term>
<term>Herzbergii</term>
<term>Heudelotii</term>
<term>Homoplastic</term>
<term>Homoplastic synapomorphies</term>
<term>Horabagridae</term>
<term>Hyomandibular</term>
<term>Hyomandibular dorsal crest</term>
<term>Hypobranchial</term>
<term>Ictaluridae</term>
<term>Infraorbital</term>
<term>Ingroup</term>
<term>Interopercle</term>
<term>Izabalensis</term>
<term>Jayaram</term>
<term>Kailola</term>
<term>Ketengus</term>
<term>Lacm</term>
<term>Laminar</term>
<term>Lateral</term>
<term>Lateral ethmoid</term>
<term>Lateral face</term>
<term>Lateral horn</term>
<term>Lateral margin</term>
<term>Laterally</term>
<term>Latirostris</term>
<term>Leptaspis</term>
<term>Linnean</term>
<term>Linnean society</term>
<term>Lundberg</term>
<term>Macrorhynchus</term>
<term>Maculatus</term>
<term>Madagascariensis</term>
<term>Marceniuk</term>
<term>Marceniuk menezes</term>
<term>Marinus</term>
<term>Maxilla</term>
<term>Maxillary</term>
<term>Maximally</term>
<term>Medial</term>
<term>Medial crest</term>
<term>Medial groove</term>
<term>Melanochir</term>
<term>Menezes</term>
<term>Mesethmoid</term>
<term>Mesial</term>
<term>Mesial face</term>
<term>Mesially</term>
<term>Metapterygoid</term>
<term>Mochokidae</term>
<term>Monophyletic</term>
<term>Monophyletic condition</term>
<term>Monophyly</term>
<term>Mzusp</term>
<term>Nedystoma</term>
<term>Nella</term>
<term>Nemapteryx</term>
<term>Neoarius</term>
<term>Netuma</term>
<term>Neural spine</term>
<term>Neurocranium</term>
<term>Notarius</term>
<term>Nuchal</term>
<term>Nuchal plate</term>
<term>Occidentarius</term>
<term>Opercle</term>
<term>Optic</term>
<term>Optic foramen</term>
<term>Optimization</term>
<term>Orbitosphenoid</term>
<term>Orbitosphenoid pterosphenoid</term>
<term>Orientated</term>
<term>Ostariophysi</term>
<term>Osteogeneiosus</term>
<term>Otic</term>
<term>Outgroup</term>
<term>Outgroups</term>
<term>Pachyula</term>
<term>Panamensis</term>
<term>Pangasiidae</term>
<term>Papua</term>
<term>Parapophysis</term>
<term>Parasphenoid</term>
<term>Parietosupraoccipital</term>
<term>Parietosupraoccipital process</term>
<term>Parkeri</term>
<term>Passany</term>
<term>Paulo</term>
<term>Pharyngeal</term>
<term>Pharyngobranchial</term>
<term>Phylogenetic</term>
<term>Phylogenetic analysis</term>
<term>Pinna</term>
<term>Pinnimaculatus</term>
<term>Planiceps</term>
<term>Platystomus</term>
<term>Plicofollis</term>
<term>Plicofollis dussumieri</term>
<term>Polystaphylodon</term>
<term>Posterior</term>
<term>Posterior cranial fontanel</term>
<term>Posterior portion</term>
<term>Posterior process</term>
<term>Posteriorly</term>
<term>Posteriorly orientated</term>
<term>Posterolateral</term>
<term>Potamarius</term>
<term>Potamarius grandoculis</term>
<term>Potamarius izabalensis</term>
<term>Potamosilurus</term>
<term>Potamosilurus latirostris</term>
<term>Potamosilurus macrorhynchus</term>
<term>Potamosilurus velutinus</term>
<term>Precathorops</term>
<term>Premaxilla</term>
<term>Present study</term>
<term>Proops</term>
<term>Protractor</term>
<term>Protractor muscle</term>
<term>Proximally</term>
<term>Pterosphenoid</term>
<term>Pterotic</term>
<term>Ramus</term>
<term>Reversal</term>
<term>Sagor</term>
<term>Schilbidae</term>
<term>Sciades</term>
<term>Second basibranchial</term>
<term>Sensu</term>
<term>Sesamoid</term>
<term>Sesamoid bone</term>
<term>Shes</term>
<term>Siluriformes</term>
<term>Sister group</term>
<term>Sister species</term>
<term>Spatula</term>
<term>Spatulate</term>
<term>Species composition</term>
<term>Stormii</term>
<term>Subfamily</term>
<term>Subrectangular</term>
<term>Subtrapezoid</term>
<term>Subtriangular</term>
<term>Subvertebral</term>
<term>Subvertebral process</term>
<term>Suture</term>
<term>Sutured</term>
<term>Synapomorphies</term>
<term>Synapomorphy</term>
<term>Systematics</term>
<term>Taxon</term>
<term>Teleostei</term>
<term>Temporal fossa</term>
<term>Tenuispinis</term>
<term>Thalassina</term>
<term>Third basibranchial</term>
<term>Third epibranchial</term>
<term>Third pharyngobranchial</term>
<term>Tooth plates</term>
<term>Transcapular</term>
<term>Transcapular process</term>
<term>Transversel</term>
<term>Truncate</term>
<term>Tubule</term>
<term>Ummz</term>
<term>Uncinate</term>
<term>Uncinate process</term>
<term>Urohyal</term>
<term>Urohyal posterolateral processes</term>
<term>Usnm</term>
<term>Valenciennes</term>
<term>Velutinus</term>
<term>Ventral</term>
<term>Ventral face</term>
<term>Ventral view</term>
<term>Vertebra</term>
<term>Vomer</term>
<term>Vomerine</term>
<term>Vomerine tooth plates</term>
<term>Zoological</term>
<term>Zoological journal</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Ariid monophyly and intrafamilial relationships are investigated based on cladistic analysis of 230 morphological characters. Terminal taxa examined include whenever possible type‐species, or the most morphologically similar species to the type‐species of the nominal genera, and the largest possible number of species, including cleared and stained specimens, available in zoological collections. Previous hypotheses about monophyly of the Ariidae are strongly corroborated by new synapomorphies discovered in the present study. The subfamily Galeichthyinae and the remaining ariids are strongly supported by new morphological characters. The monotypic subfamily Bagreinae is recognized as the sister group to all nongaleichthyin ariids, supported by a large series of exclusive synapomorphies. A new concept of Ariinae is presented: the subfamily is found to be unequivocally monophyletic and includes all ariid genera, except Galeichthys and Bagre. New data supporting the monophyly of the genera included in the Ariinae are introduced and previous hypotheses of monophyly, species composition, morphological definition, and relationships are reviewed and discussed.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Brésil</li>
</country>
<region><li>Pará</li>
<li>État de Rio de Janeiro</li>
<li>État de São Paulo</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>São Paulo</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université de São Paulo</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Brésil"><region name="État de São Paulo"><name sortKey="Marceniuk, Alexandre P" sort="Marceniuk, Alexandre P" uniqKey="Marceniuk A" first="Alexandre P." last="Marceniuk">Alexandre P. Marceniuk</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Britto, Marcelo R" sort="Britto, Marcelo R" uniqKey="Britto M" first="Marcelo R." last="Britto">Marcelo R. Britto</name>
<name sortKey="Marceniuk, Alexandre P" sort="Marceniuk, Alexandre P" uniqKey="Marceniuk A" first="Alexandre P." last="Marceniuk">Alexandre P. Marceniuk</name>
<name sortKey="Menezes, Naercio A" sort="Menezes, Naercio A" uniqKey="Menezes N" first="Naércio A." last="Menezes">Naércio A. Menezes</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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