A Comparative Rugoscopic Study of the Dentate and Edentulous Individuals in the South Indian Population
Identifieur interne : 000773 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000772; suivant : 000774A Comparative Rugoscopic Study of the Dentate and Edentulous Individuals in the South Indian Population
Auteurs : Jagdish Prasad Rajguru [Inde] ; Satya Ranjan Misra [Inde] ; Nagaveni S. Somayaji [Inde] ; K. M. K. Masthan [Inde] ; Aravindha N. Babu [Inde] ; Neeta Mohanty [Inde]Source :
- The Scientific World Journal [ 2356-6140 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
This study analyzes the rugae pattern in dentulous and edentulous patients and also evaluates the association of rugae pattern between males and females.
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DOI: 10.1155/2014/283428
PubMed: 24605051
PubMed Central: 3925555
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A Comparative Rugoscopic Study of the Dentate and Edentulous Individuals in the South Indian Population</title><author><name sortKey="Rajguru, Jagdish Prasad" sort="Rajguru, Jagdish Prasad" uniqKey="Rajguru J" first="Jagdish Prasad" last="Rajguru">Jagdish Prasad Rajguru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Pathology, Hi-Tech Dental College, Pandara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751025, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology, Hi-Tech Dental College, Pandara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751025</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Misra, Satya Ranjan" sort="Misra, Satya Ranjan" uniqKey="Misra S" first="Satya Ranjan" last="Misra">Satya Ranjan Misra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Somayaji, Nagaveni S" sort="Somayaji, Nagaveni S" uniqKey="Somayaji N" first="Nagaveni S." last="Somayaji">Nagaveni S. Somayaji</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Prosthodontics, Hi-Tech Dental College, Pandara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751025, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Hi-Tech Dental College, Pandara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751025</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masthan, K M K" sort="Masthan, K M K" uniqKey="Masthan K" first="K. M. K." last="Masthan">K. M. K. Masthan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600096, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600096</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Babu, Aravindha N" sort="Babu, Aravindha N" uniqKey="Babu A" first="Aravindha N." last="Babu">Aravindha N. Babu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600096, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600096</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohanty, Neeta" sort="Mohanty, Neeta" uniqKey="Mohanty N" first="Neeta" last="Mohanty">Neeta Mohanty</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24605051</idno><idno type="pmc">3925555</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3925555</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3925555</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2014/283428</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000773</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000773</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000773</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000773</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A Comparative Rugoscopic Study of the Dentate and Edentulous Individuals in the South Indian Population</title><author><name sortKey="Rajguru, Jagdish Prasad" sort="Rajguru, Jagdish Prasad" uniqKey="Rajguru J" first="Jagdish Prasad" last="Rajguru">Jagdish Prasad Rajguru</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Pathology, Hi-Tech Dental College, Pandara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751025, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology, Hi-Tech Dental College, Pandara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751025</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Misra, Satya Ranjan" sort="Misra, Satya Ranjan" uniqKey="Misra S" first="Satya Ranjan" last="Misra">Satya Ranjan Misra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Somayaji, Nagaveni S" sort="Somayaji, Nagaveni S" uniqKey="Somayaji N" first="Nagaveni S." last="Somayaji">Nagaveni S. Somayaji</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Prosthodontics, Hi-Tech Dental College, Pandara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751025, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Prosthodontics, Hi-Tech Dental College, Pandara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751025</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masthan, K M K" sort="Masthan, K M K" uniqKey="Masthan K" first="K. M. K." last="Masthan">K. M. K. Masthan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600096, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600096</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Babu, Aravindha N" sort="Babu, Aravindha N" uniqKey="Babu A" first="Aravindha N." last="Babu">Aravindha N. Babu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600096, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600096</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohanty, Neeta" sort="Mohanty, Neeta" uniqKey="Mohanty N" first="Neeta" last="Mohanty">Neeta Mohanty</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Scientific World Journal</title><idno type="ISSN">2356-6140</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-744X</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>This study analyzes the rugae pattern in dentulous and edentulous patients and also evaluates the association of rugae pattern between males and females. <italic>Aims and Objectives</italic>. This study aims to investigate rugae patterns in dentulous and edentulous patients of both sexes in South Indian population and to find whether palatoscopy is a useful tool in human identification. <italic>Materials and Methods</italic>. Four hundred outpatients from Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, were included in the study. The study group was equally divided between the sexes, which was further categorized into 100 dentulous and edentulous patients, respectively. <italic>Results</italic>. The edentulous male showed the highest mean of wavy pattern and total absence of circular pattern while the edentulous female group showed the highest mean of curved pattern and total absence of nonspecific pattern, while dentate population showed similar value as that of the overall population such as straight, wavy, and curved patterns. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. The present study concludes that there is similar rugae pattern of distribution between male and female dentate population while there is varied pattern between the sexes of edentulous population. However, the most predominant patterns were straight, wavy, and circular patterns.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simmons, Jd" uniqKey="Simmons J">JD Simmons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Rn" uniqKey="Moore R">RN Moore</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erickson, Lc" uniqKey="Erickson L">LC Erickson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saxena, S" uniqKey="Saxena S">S Saxena</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sharma, P" uniqKey="Sharma P">P Sharma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, N" uniqKey="Gupta N">N Gupta</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caldas, Im" uniqKey="Caldas I">IM Caldas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magalhaes, T" uniqKey="Magalhaes T">T Magalhães</name></author><author><name sortKey="Afonso, A" uniqKey="Afonso A">A Afonso</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Almeida, Ma" uniqKey="Almeida M">MA Almeida</name></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, C" uniqKey="Phillips C">C Phillips</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kula, K" uniqKey="Kula K">K Kula</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tulloch, C" uniqKey="Tulloch C">C Tulloch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kapali, S" uniqKey="Kapali S">S Kapali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Townsend, G" uniqKey="Townsend G">G Townsend</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, L" uniqKey="Richards L">L Richards</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parish, T" uniqKey="Parish T">T Parish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Ptg" uniqKey="Taylor P">PTG Taylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Me" uniqKey="Wilson M">ME Wilson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lyons, Tj" uniqKey="Lyons T">TJ Lyons</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="English, Wr" uniqKey="English W">WR English</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robison, Sf" uniqKey="Robison S">SF Robison</name></author><author><name sortKey="Summitt, Jb" uniqKey="Summitt J">JB Summitt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oesterle, Lj" uniqKey="Oesterle L">LJ Oesterle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brannon, Rb" uniqKey="Brannon R">RB Brannon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morlang, Wm" uniqKey="Morlang W">WM Morlang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ermenc, B" uniqKey="Ermenc B">B Ermenc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rener, K" uniqKey="Rener K">K Rener</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Limson, Ks" uniqKey="Limson K">KS Limson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Julian, R" uniqKey="Julian R">R Julian</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pueyo, Vm" uniqKey="Pueyo V">VM Pueyo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garrido, Br" uniqKey="Garrido B">BR Garrido</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, Jas" uniqKey="Sanchez J">JAS Sánchez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Cj" uniqKey="Thomas C">CJ Thomas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Wyk, Cw" uniqKey="Van Wyk C">CW van Wyk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gitto, Ca" uniqKey="Gitto C">CA Gitto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Esposito, Sj" uniqKey="Esposito S">SJ Esposito</name></author><author><name sortKey="Draper, Jm" uniqKey="Draper J">JM Draper</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">ScientificWorldJournal</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">ScientificWorldJournal</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">TSWJ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Scientific World Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2356-6140</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1537-744X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24605051</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3925555</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/283428</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A Comparative Rugoscopic Study of the Dentate and Edentulous Individuals in the South Indian Population</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rajguru</surname><given-names>Jagdish Prasad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1994-543X</contrib-id><name><surname>Misra</surname><given-names>Satya Ranjan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Somayaji</surname><given-names>Nagaveni S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Masthan</surname><given-names>K. M. K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Babu</surname><given-names>Aravindha N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohanty</surname><given-names>Neeta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Oral Pathology, Hi-Tech Dental College, Pandara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751025, India</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Department of Prosthodontics, Hi-Tech Dental College, Pandara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751025, India</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Department of Oral Pathology, Ragas Dental College, Uthandi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600096, India</aff><aff id="I5"><sup>5</sup>Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Satya Ranjan Misra: <email>drsatyaranjanmds@gmail.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editors: M. Rosentritt, M. L. H. Stella, and K. H. Zawawi</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>1</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>2014</volume><elocation-id>283428</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>8</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Jagdish Prasad Rajguru et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>This study analyzes the rugae pattern in dentulous and edentulous patients and also evaluates the association of rugae pattern between males and females. <italic>Aims and Objectives</italic>. This study aims to investigate rugae patterns in dentulous and edentulous patients of both sexes in South Indian population and to find whether palatoscopy is a useful tool in human identification. <italic>Materials and Methods</italic>. Four hundred outpatients from Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, were included in the study. The study group was equally divided between the sexes, which was further categorized into 100 dentulous and edentulous patients, respectively. <italic>Results</italic>. The edentulous male showed the highest mean of wavy pattern and total absence of circular pattern while the edentulous female group showed the highest mean of curved pattern and total absence of nonspecific pattern, while dentate population showed similar value as that of the overall population such as straight, wavy, and curved patterns. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. The present study concludes that there is similar rugae pattern of distribution between male and female dentate population while there is varied pattern between the sexes of edentulous population. However, the most predominant patterns were straight, wavy, and circular patterns.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Photograph showing highlighted palatal rugae on maxillary dentulous cast.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TSWJ2014-283428.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Photograph showing highlighted palatal rugae on maxillary edentulous cast.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TSWJ2014-283428.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Line diagrams showing various patterns of palatal rugae in humans.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TSWJ2014-283428.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Comparison of rugae patterns among dentulous and edentulous subjects.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TSWJ2014-283428.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Comparison of rugae patterns among males and females.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TSWJ2014-283428.005"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Table showing the mean value of different rugae patterns among edentulous subjects.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male edentulous</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female edentulous</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Straight</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.020*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Curve</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.488</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wavy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Circular</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.048</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unification</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nonspecific</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001*</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*Statistically significant value.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Table showing the mean value of different rugae patterns among dentulous subjects.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male dentulous</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female dentulous</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Straight</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Curve</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.197</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wavy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Circular</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.000</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unification</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.342</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nonspecific</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.048</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*Statistically significant value.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Table showing the mean value and statistically significant <italic>P</italic> value in different rugae patterns of dentulous and edentulous subjects.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dentulous</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Edentulous</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Straight</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Curve</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wavy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.95</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Circular</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.058</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unification</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nonspecific</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001*</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*Statistically significant value.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Table showing comparison of rugae patterns among males and females of dentulous and edentulous subjects.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">STRAIGHT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CURVE</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.169</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WAVY</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CIRCULAR</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.058</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">UNIFICATION</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.000</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NONSPECIFIC</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.001*</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*Statistically significant value.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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