Tooth brushing frequency in Mexican schoolchildren and associated socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and dental variables
Identifieur interne : 000718 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000717; suivant : 000719Tooth brushing frequency in Mexican schoolchildren and associated socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and dental variables
Auteurs : Alejandro José Casanova-Rosado [Mexique] ; Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís [Mexique] ; Juan Fernando Casanova-Rosado [Mexique] ; Ana Alicia Vallejos-Sánchez [Mexique] ; Mirna Minaya-Sánchez [Mexique] ; Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez [Mexique] ; Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez [Mexique] ; Gerardo Maupomé [États-Unis]Source :
- Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research [ 1234-1010 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Tooth brushing (with fluoridated toothpaste) is the most cost-effective intervention in dentistry and it is widely recommended to preserve good oral health. We aimed to determine the frequency of tooth brushing and the variables associated with this practice in schoolchildren living in southeast Mexico.
A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1644 schoolchildren, 6 to 13 years old. Questionnaires with socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and dental variables were administered to mothers/guardians of children. The dependent variable was the frequency of tooth brushing, which was categorized as 0 = tooth brushing less than once a day and 1 = tooth brushing at least once a day. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the final results.
Mean age was 9.06±2.02 years and 49.1% were girls. The prevalence of tooth brushing at least once a day was 49.8%. In the multivariate model, characteristics related to tooth brushing frequency (p<0.05) were: older age (OR=1.11), being female (OR=1.64), having a larger family (OR=0.87), having had a visit to a dentist during the year preceding the study (OR=1.37), and having had fluoride applications by a professional (OR=1.39).
The results suggested that different variables (demographic, socioeconomic and dental) are associated with the frequency of tooth brushing. Family size (proxy variable for socioeconomic status) may indicate certain oral health inequalities in this population.
Url:
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.890106
PubMed: 24907713
PubMed Central: 4063737
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Tooth brushing frequency in Mexican schoolchildren and associated socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and dental variables</title><author><name sortKey="Casanova Rosado, Alejandro Jose" sort="Casanova Rosado, Alejandro Jose" uniqKey="Casanova Rosado A" first="Alejandro José" last="Casanova-Rosado">Alejandro José Casanova-Rosado</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-medscimonit-20-938">School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medina Solis, Carlo Eduardo" sort="Medina Solis, Carlo Eduardo" uniqKey="Medina Solis C" first="Carlo Eduardo" last="Medina-Solís">Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-medscimonit-20-938">Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casanova Rosado, Juan Fernando" sort="Casanova Rosado, Juan Fernando" uniqKey="Casanova Rosado J" first="Juan Fernando" last="Casanova-Rosado">Juan Fernando Casanova-Rosado</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-medscimonit-20-938">School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vallejos Sanchez, Ana Alicia" sort="Vallejos Sanchez, Ana Alicia" uniqKey="Vallejos Sanchez A" first="Ana Alicia" last="Vallejos-Sánchez">Ana Alicia Vallejos-Sánchez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-medscimonit-20-938">School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Minaya Sanchez, Mirna" sort="Minaya Sanchez, Mirna" uniqKey="Minaya Sanchez M" first="Mirna" last="Minaya-Sánchez">Mirna Minaya-Sánchez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-medscimonit-20-938">School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendoza Rodriguez, Martha" sort="Mendoza Rodriguez, Martha" uniqKey="Mendoza Rodriguez M" first="Martha" last="Mendoza-Rodríguez">Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-medscimonit-20-938">Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marquez Rodriguez, Sonia" sort="Marquez Rodriguez, Sonia" uniqKey="Marquez Rodriguez S" first="Sonia" last="Márquez-Rodríguez">Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-medscimonit-20-938">Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maupome, Gerardo" sort="Maupome, Gerardo" uniqKey="Maupome G" first="Gerardo" last="Maupomé">Gerardo Maupomé</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-medscimonit-20-938">Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis School of Dentistry. Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis School of Dentistry. Indianapolis, IN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4-medscimonit-20-938">Regenstrief Institute, Inc. Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Regenstrief Institute, Inc. Indianapolis, IN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24907713</idno><idno type="pmc">4063737</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063737</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4063737</idno><idno type="doi">10.12659/MSM.890106</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000718</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000718</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000718</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000718</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Tooth brushing frequency in Mexican schoolchildren and associated socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and dental variables</title><author><name sortKey="Casanova Rosado, Alejandro Jose" sort="Casanova Rosado, Alejandro Jose" uniqKey="Casanova Rosado A" first="Alejandro José" last="Casanova-Rosado">Alejandro José Casanova-Rosado</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-medscimonit-20-938">School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medina Solis, Carlo Eduardo" sort="Medina Solis, Carlo Eduardo" uniqKey="Medina Solis C" first="Carlo Eduardo" last="Medina-Solís">Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-medscimonit-20-938">Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casanova Rosado, Juan Fernando" sort="Casanova Rosado, Juan Fernando" uniqKey="Casanova Rosado J" first="Juan Fernando" last="Casanova-Rosado">Juan Fernando Casanova-Rosado</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-medscimonit-20-938">School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vallejos Sanchez, Ana Alicia" sort="Vallejos Sanchez, Ana Alicia" uniqKey="Vallejos Sanchez A" first="Ana Alicia" last="Vallejos-Sánchez">Ana Alicia Vallejos-Sánchez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-medscimonit-20-938">School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Minaya Sanchez, Mirna" sort="Minaya Sanchez, Mirna" uniqKey="Minaya Sanchez M" first="Mirna" last="Minaya-Sánchez">Mirna Minaya-Sánchez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-medscimonit-20-938">School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendoza Rodriguez, Martha" sort="Mendoza Rodriguez, Martha" uniqKey="Mendoza Rodriguez M" first="Martha" last="Mendoza-Rodríguez">Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-medscimonit-20-938">Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marquez Rodriguez, Sonia" sort="Marquez Rodriguez, Sonia" uniqKey="Marquez Rodriguez S" first="Sonia" last="Márquez-Rodríguez">Sonia Márquez-Rodríguez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-medscimonit-20-938">Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maupome, Gerardo" sort="Maupome, Gerardo" uniqKey="Maupome G" first="Gerardo" last="Maupomé">Gerardo Maupomé</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-medscimonit-20-938">Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis School of Dentistry. Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis School of Dentistry. Indianapolis, IN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4-medscimonit-20-938">Regenstrief Institute, Inc. Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Regenstrief Institute, Inc. Indianapolis, IN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research</title><idno type="ISSN">1234-1010</idno><idno type="eISSN">1643-3750</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Tooth brushing (with fluoridated toothpaste) is the most cost-effective intervention in dentistry and it is widely recommended to preserve good oral health. We aimed to determine the frequency of tooth brushing and the variables associated with this practice in schoolchildren living in southeast Mexico.</p></sec><sec><title>Material/Methods</title><p>A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1644 schoolchildren, 6 to 13 years old. Questionnaires with socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and dental variables were administered to mothers/guardians of children. The dependent variable was the frequency of tooth brushing, which was categorized as 0 = tooth brushing less than once a day and 1 = tooth brushing at least once a day. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the final results.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Mean age was 9.06±2.02 years and 49.1% were girls. The prevalence of tooth brushing at least once a day was 49.8%. In the multivariate model, characteristics related to tooth brushing frequency (p<0.05) were: older age (OR=1.11), being female (OR=1.64), having a larger family (OR=0.87), having had a visit to a dentist during the year preceding the study (OR=1.37), and having had fluoride applications by a professional (OR=1.39).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The results suggested that different variables (demographic, socioeconomic and dental) are associated with the frequency of tooth brushing. Family size (proxy variable for socioeconomic status) may indicate certain oral health inequalities in this population.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ganesh, M" uniqKey="Ganesh M">M Ganesh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, S" uniqKey="Shah S">S Shah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parikh, D" uniqKey="Parikh D">D Parikh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kutsch, Vk" uniqKey="Kutsch V">VK Kutsch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Da" uniqKey="Young D">DA Young</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Armitage, Gc" uniqKey="Armitage G">GC Armitage</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eke, Pi" uniqKey="Eke P">PI Eke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Page, Rc" uniqKey="Page R">RC Page</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, L" uniqKey="Wei 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Med Sci Monit</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Med. Sci. Monit</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Medical Science Monitor</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1234-1010</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1643-3750</issn><publisher><publisher-name>International Scientific Literature, Inc.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24907713</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4063737</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12659/MSM.890106</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">890106</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Public Health</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Tooth brushing frequency in Mexican schoolchildren and associated socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and dental variables</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Casanova-Rosado</surname><given-names>Alejandro José</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-medscimonit-20-938">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-medscimonit-20-938">A</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn2-medscimonit-20-938">B</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn4-medscimonit-20-938">D</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn5-medscimonit-20-938">E</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn6-medscimonit-20-938">F</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Medina-Solís</surname><given-names>Carlo Eduardo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-medscimonit-20-938">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-medscimonit-20-938">A</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn3-medscimonit-20-938">C</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn4-medscimonit-20-938">D</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn5-medscimonit-20-938">E</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn6-medscimonit-20-938">F</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-medscimonit-20-938"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Casanova-Rosado</surname><given-names>Juan Fernando</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-medscimonit-20-938">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-medscimonit-20-938">A</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn4-medscimonit-20-938">D</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn5-medscimonit-20-938">E</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vallejos-Sánchez</surname><given-names>Ana Alicia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-medscimonit-20-938">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-medscimonit-20-938">A</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn4-medscimonit-20-938">D</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn5-medscimonit-20-938">E</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Minaya-Sánchez</surname><given-names>Mirna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-medscimonit-20-938">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-medscimonit-20-938">A</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn4-medscimonit-20-938">D</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn5-medscimonit-20-938">E</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mendoza-Rodríguez</surname><given-names>Martha</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-medscimonit-20-938">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-medscimonit-20-938">A</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn4-medscimonit-20-938">D</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn5-medscimonit-20-938">E</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Márquez-Rodríguez</surname><given-names>Sonia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-medscimonit-20-938">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-medscimonit-20-938">A</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn4-medscimonit-20-938">D</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn5-medscimonit-20-938">E</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maupomé</surname><given-names>Gerardo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-medscimonit-20-938">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-medscimonit-20-938">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1-medscimonit-20-938">A</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn4-medscimonit-20-938">D</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn5-medscimonit-20-938">E</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn6-medscimonit-20-938">F</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-medscimonit-20-938"><label>1</label>School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Campeche, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico</aff><aff id="af2-medscimonit-20-938"><label>2</label>Academic Area of Dentistry, Health Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico</aff><aff id="af3-medscimonit-20-938"><label>3</label>Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis School of Dentistry. Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A.</aff><aff id="af4-medscimonit-20-938"><label>4</label>Regenstrief Institute, Inc. Indianapolis, IN, U.S.A.</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-medscimonit-20-938">Corresponding Author: Carlo Eduardo Medina Solís, e-mail: <email>cemedinas@yahoo.com</email></corresp><fn id="fn1-medscimonit-20-938"><label>A</label><p>Study Design</p></fn><fn id="fn2-medscimonit-20-938"><label>B</label><p>Data Collection</p></fn><fn id="fn3-medscimonit-20-938"><label>C</label><p>Statistical Analysis</p></fn><fn id="fn4-medscimonit-20-938"><label>D</label><p>Data Interpretation</p></fn><fn id="fn5-medscimonit-20-938"><label>E</label><p>Manuscript Preparation</p></fn><fn id="fn6-medscimonit-20-938"><label>F</label><p>Literature Search</p></fn><fn id="fn7-medscimonit-20-938"><label>G</label><p>Funds Collection</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><fpage>938</fpage><lpage>944</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>06</day><month>1</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Med Sci Monit, 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Tooth brushing (with fluoridated toothpaste) is the most cost-effective intervention in dentistry and it is widely recommended to preserve good oral health. We aimed to determine the frequency of tooth brushing and the variables associated with this practice in schoolchildren living in southeast Mexico.</p></sec><sec><title>Material/Methods</title><p>A cross-sectional study was carried out in 1644 schoolchildren, 6 to 13 years old. Questionnaires with socio-demographic, socioeconomic, and dental variables were administered to mothers/guardians of children. The dependent variable was the frequency of tooth brushing, which was categorized as 0 = tooth brushing less than once a day and 1 = tooth brushing at least once a day. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the final results.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Mean age was 9.06±2.02 years and 49.1% were girls. The prevalence of tooth brushing at least once a day was 49.8%. In the multivariate model, characteristics related to tooth brushing frequency (p<0.05) were: older age (OR=1.11), being female (OR=1.64), having a larger family (OR=0.87), having had a visit to a dentist during the year preceding the study (OR=1.37), and having had fluoride applications by a professional (OR=1.39).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The results suggested that different variables (demographic, socioeconomic and dental) are associated with the frequency of tooth brushing. Family size (proxy variable for socioeconomic status) may indicate certain oral health inequalities in this population.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>MeSH Keywords</title><kwd>Oral Health</kwd><kwd>Tooth Brushing</kwd><kwd>Oral Hygiene Practices</kwd><kwd>Schoolchildren</kwd><kwd>Mexico</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="t1-medscimonit-20-938" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Socio-demographic, socioeconomic and dental characteristics of schoolchildren included.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ±SD</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (years)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.06±2.02</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Father’s schooling (years)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.00±4.10</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mother’s schooling (years)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.46±3.67</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of children in the family</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.65±1.83</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>n (%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sex</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Men</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">836 (50.9)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Women</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">808 (49.1)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Use of dental care (preceding 12 months)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not in the last year</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">884 (53.8)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes, at least once</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">760 (46.2)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Application of topical fluoride (preceding 12 months)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not in the last year</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1455 (88.5)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes, at least once</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">189 (11.5)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Socio-economic position (schooling)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1<sup>st</sup> tertile (lowest)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">549 (33.4)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2<sup>nd</sup> tertile</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">560 (34.1)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3<sup>rd</sup> tertile (highest)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">535 (32.5)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Socio-economic position (occupation)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1<sup>st</sup> tertile (lowest)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">679 (41.3)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2<sup>nd</sup> tertile</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">428 (26.0)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3<sup>rd</sup> tertile (highest)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">537 (32.7)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tooth brushing</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Less than once a day</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">826 (50.2)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> At least once a day</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">818 (49.8)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-medscimonit-20-938" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Bivariate analyses between brushing frequency (categorized as occasionally/never <italic>vs.</italic> at least once a day) and the independent variables included.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Occasionally/never</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">At least once a day</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (years)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.91±2.00</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.20±2.03</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0035<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-medscimonit-20-938">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Father’s schooling (years)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.43±3.59</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.49±3.75</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.9649<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-medscimonit-20-938">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mother’s schooling (years)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.85±4.07</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.13±4.11</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.1252<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-medscimonit-20-938">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of children in the family</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.83±1.93</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.45±1.69</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.0001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-medscimonit-20-938">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>n (%)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>n (%)</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>n (%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sex</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-medscimonit-20-938">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Men</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">468 (56.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">368 (44.0)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Women</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">358 (44.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">450 (55.7)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Use of dental care</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="3" colspan="1"><0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-medscimonit-20-938">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not in the last year</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">489 (55.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">395 (44.7)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes, at least once</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">337 (44.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">423 (55.7)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Application of topical fluoride</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="3" colspan="1">0.002<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-medscimonit-20-938">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not in the last year</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">751 (51.6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">704 (48.4)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes, at least once</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75 (39.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114 (60.3)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Socio-economic position (schooling)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="4" colspan="1">0.565<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-medscimonit-20-938">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1<sup>st</sup> tertile</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">283 (51.5)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">266 (48.5)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2<sup>nd</sup> tertile</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">284 (50.7)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">259 (48.4)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3<sup>rd</sup> tertile</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">276 (49.3)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">276 (51.6)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Socio-economic position (occupation)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="4" colspan="1">0.652<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-medscimonit-20-938">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1<sup>st</sup> tertile</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">333 (49.0)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">346 (51.0)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2<sup>nd</sup> tertile</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">222 (51.9)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">271 (50.5)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3<sup>rd</sup> tertile</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">206 (48.1)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">266 (49.5)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-medscimonit-20-938"><label>*</label><p>Mann-Whitney;</p></fn><fn id="tfn2-medscimonit-20-938"><label>**</label><p>Chi square.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-medscimonit-20-938" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis for tooth brushing frequency in Mexican schoolchildren.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR (95% CI)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11 (1.04–1.18)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Sex</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Men</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-medscimonit-20-938">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Women</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.64 (1.26–2.14)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of children in the family</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87 (0.83–0.92)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Use of dental care</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not in the last year</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-medscimonit-20-938">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes, at least once</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.37 (1.17–1.62)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Application of topical fluoride</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Not in the last year</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-medscimonit-20-938">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.038</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Yes, at least once</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.39 (1.02–1.90)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn3-medscimonit-20-938"><label>*</label><p>Reference category.</p></fn><fn id="tfn4-medscimonit-20-938"><p>Adjusted odds ratios for the variables in the table plus father’s schooling. Confidence intervals were calculated with robust standard errors (adjusted for school clustering).</p></fn><fn id="tfn5-medscimonit-20-938"><p>Goodness of fit: Hosmer & Lemeshow c<sup>2</sup> (8)=9.29, p=0.3181.</p></fn><fn id="tfn6-medscimonit-20-938"><p>Specification Error: estimator =0.000; estimator<sup>2</sup> =0.921.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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