Prevalence, Correlates, and Prognosis of Peripheral Artery Disease in Rural Ecuador—Rationale, Protocol, and Phase I Results of a Population-Based Survey: An Atahualpa Project-Ancillary Study
Identifieur interne : 000583 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000582; suivant : 000584Prevalence, Correlates, and Prognosis of Peripheral Artery Disease in Rural Ecuador—Rationale, Protocol, and Phase I Results of a Population-Based Survey: An Atahualpa Project-Ancillary Study
Auteurs : Oscar H. Del Brutto [Équateur, États-Unis] ; Mark J. Sedler [États-Unis] ; Robertino M. Mera [États-Unis] ; Pablo R. Castillo [États-Unis] ; Elizabeth H. Cusick [États-Unis] ; Jadry A. Gruen [États-Unis] ; Kelsie J. Phelan [États-Unis] ; Victor J. Del Brutto [Équateur] ; Mauricio Zambrano [Équateur] ; David L. Brown [États-Unis]Source :
- International Journal of Vascular Medicine [ 2090-2824 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2014/643589
PubMed: 25389500
PubMed Central: 4217317
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Prevalence, Correlates, and Prognosis of Peripheral Artery Disease in Rural Ecuador—Rationale, Protocol, and <italic>Phase I</italic> Results of a Population-Based Survey: An Atahualpa Project-Ancillary Study</title><author><name sortKey="Del Brutto, Oscar H" sort="Del Brutto, Oscar H" uniqKey="Del Brutto O" first="Oscar H." last="Del Brutto">Oscar H. Del Brutto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo-Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo-Ecuador, Guayaquil</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Air Center 3542, P.O. Box 522970, Miami, Fl 33152-2970, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Air Center 3542, P.O. Box 522970, Miami, Fl 33152-2970</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sedler, Mark J" sort="Sedler, Mark J" uniqKey="Sedler M" first="Mark J." last="Sedler">Mark J. Sedler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mera, Robertino M" sort="Mera, Robertino M" uniqKey="Mera R" first="Robertino M." last="Mera">Robertino M. Mera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Gastroenterology Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Gastroenterology Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castillo, Pablo R" sort="Castillo, Pablo R" uniqKey="Castillo P" first="Pablo R." last="Castillo">Pablo R. Castillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Sleep Disorders Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Sleep Disorders Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cusick, Elizabeth H" sort="Cusick, Elizabeth H" uniqKey="Cusick E" first="Elizabeth H." last="Cusick">Elizabeth H. Cusick</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gruen, Jadry A" sort="Gruen, Jadry A" uniqKey="Gruen J" first="Jadry A." last="Gruen">Jadry A. Gruen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phelan, Kelsie J" sort="Phelan, Kelsie J" uniqKey="Phelan K" first="Kelsie J." last="Phelan">Kelsie J. Phelan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Del Brutto, Victor J" sort="Del Brutto, Victor J" uniqKey="Del Brutto V" first="Victor J." last="Del Brutto">Victor J. Del Brutto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Community Center, Villa Club Etapa Cosmos Mz 15 Villa 42, Atahualpa, Daule, Guayas, Ecuador</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Community Center, Villa Club Etapa Cosmos Mz 15 Villa 42, Atahualpa, Daule, Guayas</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zambrano, Mauricio" sort="Zambrano, Mauricio" uniqKey="Zambrano M" first="Mauricio" last="Zambrano">Mauricio Zambrano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Community Center, Villa Club Etapa Cosmos Mz 15 Villa 42, Atahualpa, Daule, Guayas, Ecuador</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Community Center, Villa Club Etapa Cosmos Mz 15 Villa 42, Atahualpa, Daule, Guayas</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, David L" sort="Brown, David L" uniqKey="Brown D" first="David L." last="Brown">David L. Brown</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO 63110</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25389500</idno><idno type="pmc">4217317</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4217317</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4217317</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2014/643589</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000583</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000583</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000583</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000583</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Prevalence, Correlates, and Prognosis of Peripheral Artery Disease in Rural Ecuador—Rationale, Protocol, and <italic>Phase I</italic> Results of a Population-Based Survey: An Atahualpa Project-Ancillary Study</title><author><name sortKey="Del Brutto, Oscar H" sort="Del Brutto, Oscar H" uniqKey="Del Brutto O" first="Oscar H." last="Del Brutto">Oscar H. Del Brutto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo-Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo-Ecuador, Guayaquil</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Air Center 3542, P.O. Box 522970, Miami, Fl 33152-2970, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Air Center 3542, P.O. Box 522970, Miami, Fl 33152-2970</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sedler, Mark J" sort="Sedler, Mark J" uniqKey="Sedler M" first="Mark J." last="Sedler">Mark J. Sedler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mera, Robertino M" sort="Mera, Robertino M" uniqKey="Mera R" first="Robertino M." last="Mera">Robertino M. Mera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Gastroenterology Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Gastroenterology Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Castillo, Pablo R" sort="Castillo, Pablo R" uniqKey="Castillo P" first="Pablo R." last="Castillo">Pablo R. Castillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Sleep Disorders Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Sleep Disorders Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cusick, Elizabeth H" sort="Cusick, Elizabeth H" uniqKey="Cusick E" first="Elizabeth H." last="Cusick">Elizabeth H. Cusick</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gruen, Jadry A" sort="Gruen, Jadry A" uniqKey="Gruen J" first="Jadry A." last="Gruen">Jadry A. Gruen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phelan, Kelsie J" sort="Phelan, Kelsie J" uniqKey="Phelan K" first="Kelsie J." last="Phelan">Kelsie J. Phelan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Del Brutto, Victor J" sort="Del Brutto, Victor J" uniqKey="Del Brutto V" first="Victor J." last="Del Brutto">Victor J. Del Brutto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Community Center, Villa Club Etapa Cosmos Mz 15 Villa 42, Atahualpa, Daule, Guayas, Ecuador</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Community Center, Villa Club Etapa Cosmos Mz 15 Villa 42, Atahualpa, Daule, Guayas</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zambrano, Mauricio" sort="Zambrano, Mauricio" uniqKey="Zambrano M" first="Mauricio" last="Zambrano">Mauricio Zambrano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Community Center, Villa Club Etapa Cosmos Mz 15 Villa 42, Atahualpa, Daule, Guayas, Ecuador</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>Community Center, Villa Club Etapa Cosmos Mz 15 Villa 42, Atahualpa, Daule, Guayas</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, David L" sort="Brown, David L" uniqKey="Brown D" first="David L." last="Brown">David L. Brown</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO 63110</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Vascular Medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">2090-2824</idno><idno type="eISSN">2090-2832</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Background</italic>. Little is known on the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in developing countries. <italic>Study design</italic>. Population-based study in Atahualpa. In <italic>Phase I</italic>, the Edinburgh claudication questionnaire (ECQ) was used for detection of suspected symptomatic PAD; persons with a negative ECQ but a pulse pressure ≥65 mmHg were suspected of asymptomatic PAD. In <italic>Phase II</italic>, the ankle-brachial index will be used to test reliability of screening instruments and to determine PAD prevalence. In <italic>Phase III</italic>, participants will be followed up to estimate the relevance of PAD as a predictor of vascular outcomes. <italic>Results</italic>. During <italic>Phase I</italic>, 665 Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years were enrolled (mean age: 59.5 ± 12.6 years, 58% women). A poor cardiovascular health status was noticed in 464 (70%) persons of which 27 (4%) had a stroke and 14 (2%) had ischemic heart disease. Forty-four subjects (7%) had suspected symptomatic PAD and 170 (26%) had suspected asymptomatic PAD. Individuals with suspected PAD were older, more often women, and had a worse cardiovascular profile than those with nonsuspected PAD. <italic>Conclusions</italic>. Prevalence of suspected PAD in this underserved population is high. Subsequent phases of this study will determine whether prompt detection of PAD is useful to reduce the incidence of catastrophic vascular diseases in the region.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Omran, A R" uniqKey="Omran A">A. R. Omran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lavados, P M" uniqKey="Lavados P">P. M. Lavados</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hennis, A J M" uniqKey="Hennis A">A. J. M. Hennis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandes, J G" uniqKey="Fernandes J">J. G. Fernandes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Medina, M T" uniqKey="Medina M">M. T. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Vasc Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Vasc Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJVM</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Vascular Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2090-2824</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2090-2832</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25389500</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4217317</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/643589</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Prevalence, Correlates, and Prognosis of Peripheral Artery Disease in Rural Ecuador—Rationale, Protocol, and <italic>Phase I</italic> Results of a Population-Based Survey: An Atahualpa Project-Ancillary Study</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Del Brutto</surname><given-names>Oscar H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sedler</surname><given-names>Mark J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mera</surname><given-names>Robertino M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Castillo</surname><given-names>Pablo R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cusick</surname><given-names>Elizabeth H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gruen</surname><given-names>Jadry A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Phelan</surname><given-names>Kelsie J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Del Brutto</surname><given-names>Victor J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zambrano</surname><given-names>Mauricio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brown</surname><given-names>David L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo-Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Air Center 3542, P.O. Box 522970, Miami, Fl 33152-2970, USA</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Sciences Center, L-4 Room 158, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Gastroenterology Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA</aff><aff id="I5"><sup>5</sup>Sleep Disorders Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA</aff><aff id="I6"><sup>6</sup>Community Center, Villa Club Etapa Cosmos Mz 15 Villa 42, Atahualpa, Daule, Guayas, Ecuador</aff><aff id="I7"><sup>7</sup>Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Oscar H. Del Brutto: <email>oscardelbrutto@hotmail.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Robert M. Schainfeld</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>2014</volume><elocation-id>643589</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>23</day><month>5</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Oscar H. Del Brutto et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Background</italic>. Little is known on the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in developing countries. <italic>Study design</italic>. Population-based study in Atahualpa. In <italic>Phase I</italic>, the Edinburgh claudication questionnaire (ECQ) was used for detection of suspected symptomatic PAD; persons with a negative ECQ but a pulse pressure ≥65 mmHg were suspected of asymptomatic PAD. In <italic>Phase II</italic>, the ankle-brachial index will be used to test reliability of screening instruments and to determine PAD prevalence. In <italic>Phase III</italic>, participants will be followed up to estimate the relevance of PAD as a predictor of vascular outcomes. <italic>Results</italic>. During <italic>Phase I</italic>, 665 Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years were enrolled (mean age: 59.5 ± 12.6 years, 58% women). A poor cardiovascular health status was noticed in 464 (70%) persons of which 27 (4%) had a stroke and 14 (2%) had ischemic heart disease. Forty-four subjects (7%) had suspected symptomatic PAD and 170 (26%) had suspected asymptomatic PAD. Individuals with suspected PAD were older, more often women, and had a worse cardiovascular profile than those with nonsuspected PAD. <italic>Conclusions</italic>. Prevalence of suspected PAD in this underserved population is high. Subsequent phases of this study will determine whether prompt detection of PAD is useful to reduce the incidence of catastrophic vascular diseases in the region.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Culturally adapted Spanish translation of the Edinburgh claudication questionnaire [<italic>with original English version</italic>] used in Atahualpa residents. </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Usted siente dolor o una sensación desagradable en una o ambas piernas cuando camina? [<italic>Do you get a pain or discomfort in your leg(s) when you walk?</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> □<sub>1</sub> Si [<italic>yes</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> □<sub>2</sub> No [<italic>no</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> □<sub>3</sub> No puedo caminar [<italic>I am unable to walk</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Si usted contestó que “si” a la pregunta 1, por favor responda las siguientes preguntas. En caso contrario, no hay necesidad de seguir adelante. [<italic>If you answered “yes” to question (1), please answer the following questions. Otherwise you need not continue.</italic>]</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Este dolor a veces comienza cuando usted se encuentra quieto, de pie o sentado? [<italic>Does this pain ever begin when you are standing still or sitting?</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> □<sub>1</sub> Si [<italic>yes</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> □<sub>2</sub> No [<italic>no</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(3) Este dolor se presenta cuando usted camina cuesta arriba o de prisa? [<italic>Do you get it if you walk uphill or hurry?</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> □<sub>1</sub> Si [<italic>yes</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> □<sub>2</sub> No [<italic>no</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(4) Este dolor se presenta cuando usted camina a paso normal a nivel de la tierra? [<italic>Do you get it when you walk at an ordinary pace on the level?</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> □<sub>1</sub> Si [<italic>yes</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> □<sub>2</sub> No [<italic>no</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(5) Que sucede con este dolor si usted deja de caminar y se queda parado? [<italic>What happens to it if you stand still?</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> □<sub>1</sub> Suele persistir por más de 10 minutos [<italic>Usually continues more than 10 minutes</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> □<sub>2</sub> Suele desaparecer en 10 minutos o menos [<italic>Usually disappears in 10 minutes or less</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(6) Señale con una “x” en este dibujo en que parte (de las piernas) siente usted el dolor o la sensación desagradable [<italic>Where do you get this pain or discomfort? Mark the place(s) with “x” on the diagram below</italic>]</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Operational categories of PAD suspicion used in the Atahualpa Project.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Suspected Symptomatic PAD </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(i) Positive Edinburgh claudication questionnaire and <break></break>increased pulse pressure∗</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(ii) Positive Edinburgh claudication questionnaire and normal <break></break>pulse pressure</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Suspected Asymptomatic PAD </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative Edinburgh claudication questionnaire and <break></break>increased pulse pressure∗</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Nonsuspected PAD </italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative Edinburgh claudication questionnaire and normal <break></break>pulse pressure</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>*</sup>Defined as ≥65 mmHg.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Cardiovascular health metrics and status according to the American Heart Association.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cardiovascular Health Metrics</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Smoking: ideal (never or quit >1 year), intermediate (quit ≤1 year), and poor (current smoker). </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Body mass index: ideal (<25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), intermediate (25 to <30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and poor (≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>).</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(3) Physical activity: ideal (≥150 minutes/week moderate intensity or ≥75 minutes/week vigorous intensity or equivalent combination), intermediate (1–149 minutes/week moderate intensity or 1–74 minutes/week vigorous intensity or equivalent combination), and poor (no moderate and vigorous activity).</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(4) Diet: ideal (4-5 healthy components), intermediate (2-3 healthy components), and poor (0-1 healthy component); based on 5 health dietary components (≥4.5 cups fruits and vegetables/day, ≥two 3.5-oz servings fish/week, ≥three 1-oz equivalent servings fiber-rich whole grains/day, <1,500 mg sodium/day, and ≤450 kcal sugar-sweetened beverages/week).</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(5) Total cholesterol: ideal (untreated and <200 mg/dL), intermediate (treated to <200 mg/dL or 200–239 mg/dL), and poor (≥240 mg/dL). </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(6) Blood pressure: ideal (untreated and <120/<80 mmHg), intermediate (treated to <120/<80 mmHg or 120–139/80–89 mmHg), and poor (≥140/90 mmHg).</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(7) Fasting glucose: ideal (untreated and <100 mg/dL), intermediate (treated to <100 mg/dL or 100–125/mg/dL), and poor (≥126 mg/dL).</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cardiovascular Health Status</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(1) Ideal CVH status: all seven CVH metrics in the ideal range.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(2) Intermediate CVH status: CVH metrics in the ideal and intermediate range, but no poor metrics.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(3) Poor CVH status: at least one CVH metric in the poor range.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Characteristics of Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years according to pulse pressure levels.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Total series<break></break><italic>n</italic> = 665</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Pulse pressure (mmHg)</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥65 (<italic>n</italic> = 205)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><65 (<italic>n</italic> = 460)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.5 ± 12.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.4 ± 11.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.6 ± 10.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">384 (58%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134 (65%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">250 (54%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Up to primary school, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 426 (64%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">157 (77%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">269 (58%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol intake ≥50 g/day, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114 (17%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (11%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91 (20%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Current smokers, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (1.5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.659</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Body mass index, kg/m<sup>2</sup> (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 ± 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 ± 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 ± 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>⋯</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fasting glucose, mg/dL (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">140 ± 86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">142 ± 92</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">135 ± 83</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.332</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total cholesterol, mg/dL (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">199 ± 33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">198 ± 32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">199 ± 33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.716</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poor CVH status, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">464 (70%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187 (91%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">277 (60%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Severe edentulism, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">192 (29%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85 (41%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">107 (23%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stroke or ischemic heart disease, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 (6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 (12%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Characteristics of Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years according to the Edinburgh claudication questionnaire.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1"></th><th rowspan="2" colspan="1">Total series<break></break><italic>n</italic> = 665</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Edinburgh claudication questionnaire</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">positive (<italic>n</italic> = 44)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">negative (<italic>n</italic> = 621)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.5 ± 12.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.3 ± 11.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59 ± 12.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">384 (58%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (73%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">352 (57%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.054</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Up to primary school, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 426 (64%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 (68%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">396 (64%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol intake ≥50 g/day, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114 (17%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (11%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109 (18%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.396</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Current smokers, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (2.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (1.8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.809</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Body mass index, kg/m<sup>2</sup> (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 ± 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 ± 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 ± 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>⋯</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fasting glucose, mg/dL (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">140 ± 86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">173 ± 105</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">137 ± 84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total cholesterol, mg/dL (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">199 ± 33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">200 ± 30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">199 ± 33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.845</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poor CVH status, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">464 (70%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40 (91%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">424 (68%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Severe edentulism, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">192 (29%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (36%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176 (28%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.335</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stroke or ischemic heart disease, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 (6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37 (6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.610</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>Characteristics of Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years according to the categories of peripheral artery disease (PAD) suspicion. </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total series<break></break>(<italic>n</italic> = 665)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Suspected symptomatic PAD<break></break>(<italic>n</italic> = 44)∗</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Suspected asymptomatic PAD<break></break>(<italic>n</italic> = 170)<sup>§</sup></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nonsuspected PAD<break></break>(<italic>n</italic> = 451)<sup>‡</sup></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.5 ± 12.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.3 ± 11.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.1 ± 12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.6 ± 10.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Women, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">384 (58%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (73%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">108 (64%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">244 (54%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.015</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Up to primary school, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">426 (64%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 (68%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134 (79%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">262 (58%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alcohol intake ≥50 g/day, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114 (17%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (11%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (11%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90 (20%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Current smokers, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (2.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (1.2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (2%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.767</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Body mass index, kg/m<sup>2</sup> (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 ± 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 ± 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 ± 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 ± 5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>⋯</italic></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Systolic BP, mmHg (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">138 ± 25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">158 ± 26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">164 ± 27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 ± 13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diastolic BP, mmHg (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77 ± 12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78 ± 13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79 ± 15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77 ± 10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.159</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BP ≥140/90 mmHg, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">242 (36%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (73%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">138 (81%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72 (16%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fasting glucose, mg/dL (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">140 ± 86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">173 ± 105</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">148 ± 91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133 ± 81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.004</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">197 (30%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (48%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59 (35%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117 (26%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.003</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total cholesterol, mg/dL (mean ± SD)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">199 ± 33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">200 ± 30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">198 ± 32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">199 ± 33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.914</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Poor CVH status, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">464 (70%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40 (91%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">155 (91%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">269 (60%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Severe edentulism, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">192 (29%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (36%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72 (42%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104 (23%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stroke or ischemic heart disease, <italic>n</italic> (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41 (6%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (9%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (12%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0002</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>*</sup>Positive Edinburgh claudication questionnaire irrespective of pulse pressure levels; <sup>§</sup>increased pulse pressure levels and a negative Edinburgh claudication questionnaire; <sup>‡</sup>normal pulse pressure levels and a negative Edinburgh claudication questionnaire. </p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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