Association of Mandible Anatomy with Age, Gender, and Dental Status: A Radiographic Study
Identifieur interne : 000556 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000555; suivant : 000557Association of Mandible Anatomy with Age, Gender, and Dental Status: A Radiographic Study
Auteurs : Revant H. Chole [Inde] ; Ranjitkumar N. Patil [Inde] ; Swati Balsaraf Chole [Inde] ; Shailesh Gondivkar [Inde] ; Amol R. Gadbail [Inde] ; Monal B. Yuwanati [Inde]Source :
- ISRN Radiology [ 2314-4084 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
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DOI: 10.5402/2013/453763
PubMed: 24959560
PubMed Central: 4045553
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Association of Mandible Anatomy with Age, Gender, and Dental Status: A Radiographic Study</title><author><name sortKey="Chole, Revant H" sort="Chole, Revant H" uniqKey="Chole R" first="Revant H." last="Chole">Revant H. Chole</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha 751024, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha 751024</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patil, Ranjitkumar N" sort="Patil, Ranjitkumar N" uniqKey="Patil R" first="Ranjitkumar N." last="Patil">Ranjitkumar N. Patil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balsaraf Chole, Swati" sort="Balsaraf Chole, Swati" uniqKey="Balsaraf Chole S" first="Swati" last="Balsaraf Chole">Swati Balsaraf Chole</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Public Health Dentistry, Shri Aurobindo Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453111, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health Dentistry, Shri Aurobindo Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453111</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gondivkar, Shailesh" sort="Gondivkar, Shailesh" uniqKey="Gondivkar S" first="Shailesh" last="Gondivkar">Shailesh Gondivkar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MGVM's Dental College, Nashik, Maharashtra 422003, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MGVM's Dental College, Nashik, Maharashtra 422003</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gadbail, Amol R" sort="Gadbail, Amol R" uniqKey="Gadbail A" first="Amol R." last="Gadbail">Amol R. Gadbail</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra 442004, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra 442004</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuwanati, Monal B" sort="Yuwanati, Monal B" uniqKey="Yuwanati M" first="Monal B." last="Yuwanati">Monal B. Yuwanati</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Department of Oral Pathology, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhanpur Bypass Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462037, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhanpur Bypass Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462037</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24959560</idno><idno type="pmc">4045553</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4045553</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4045553</idno><idno type="doi">10.5402/2013/453763</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000556</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000556</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000556</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000556</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Association of Mandible Anatomy with Age, Gender, and Dental Status: A Radiographic Study</title><author><name sortKey="Chole, Revant H" sort="Chole, Revant H" uniqKey="Chole R" first="Revant H." last="Chole">Revant H. Chole</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha 751024, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha 751024</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Patil, Ranjitkumar N" sort="Patil, Ranjitkumar N" uniqKey="Patil R" first="Ranjitkumar N." last="Patil">Ranjitkumar N. Patil</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balsaraf Chole, Swati" sort="Balsaraf Chole, Swati" uniqKey="Balsaraf Chole S" first="Swati" last="Balsaraf Chole">Swati Balsaraf Chole</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Public Health Dentistry, Shri Aurobindo Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453111, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health Dentistry, Shri Aurobindo Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453111</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gondivkar, Shailesh" sort="Gondivkar, Shailesh" uniqKey="Gondivkar S" first="Shailesh" last="Gondivkar">Shailesh Gondivkar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MGVM's Dental College, Nashik, Maharashtra 422003, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MGVM's Dental College, Nashik, Maharashtra 422003</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gadbail, Amol R" sort="Gadbail, Amol R" uniqKey="Gadbail A" first="Amol R." last="Gadbail">Amol R. Gadbail</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra 442004, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra 442004</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yuwanati, Monal B" sort="Yuwanati, Monal B" uniqKey="Yuwanati M" first="Monal B." last="Yuwanati">Monal B. Yuwanati</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">Department of Oral Pathology, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhanpur Bypass Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462037, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oral Pathology, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhanpur Bypass Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462037</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">ISRN Radiology</title><idno type="eISSN">2314-4084</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Introduction</italic>. Gonial angle and antegonial region are important landmarks in mandible which is influenced by gender, age, and dental status. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth and to investigate their relationship to gender, age group, and dental status. <italic>Materials and Methods</italic>. A total of 1060 panoramic radiographs were evaluated: the dentulous group, 854 subjects and the edentulous group, 206 subjects. The patients were grouped into six age groups of 10-years each. Gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth were measured from panoramic radiographs. <italic>Results and Discussion</italic>. Corelation of age with gonial angle, antegonial angle and antegonial depth was not significant. Significant difference in mandibular angle was found between males and females. Males had significantly smaller antegonial angle and greater antegonial depth than females. Significant difference was found for gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth between right and left sides of mandible. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. Gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth can be implicated as a forensic tool for gender determination but not suitable for age determination.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Francis Fish, S" uniqKey="Francis Fish S">S Francis Fish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Casey, Dm" uniqKey="Casey D">DM Casey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Emrich, Lj" uniqKey="Emrich L">LJ Emrich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ohm, E" uniqKey="Ohm E">E Ohm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silness, J" uniqKey="Silness J">J Silness</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mattila, K" uniqKey="Mattila K">K Mattila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altonen, M" uniqKey="Altonen M">M Altonen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haavikko, K" uniqKey="Haavikko K">K Haavikko</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dutra, V" uniqKey="Dutra V">V Dutra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Devlin, H" uniqKey="Devlin H">H Devlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Susin, C" uniqKey="Susin C">C Susin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xie, Qf" uniqKey="Xie Q">QF Xie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ainamo, A" uniqKey="Ainamo A">A Ainamo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raustia, Am" uniqKey="Raustia A">AM Raustia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salonen, Mam" uniqKey="Salonen M">MAM Salonen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huumonen, S" uniqKey="Huumonen S">S Huumonen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sipil, K" uniqKey="Sipil K">K SipilÄ</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haikola, B" uniqKey="Haikola B">B Haikola</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ceylan, G" uniqKey="Ceylan G">G Ceylan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yanikoglu, N" uniqKey="Yanikoglu N">N Yaníkoglu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, Ab" uniqKey="Yilmaz A">AB Yílmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ceylan, Y" uniqKey="Ceylan Y">Y Ceylan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bayda, B" uniqKey="Bayda B">B Baydaş</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yavuz, I" uniqKey="Yavuz I">I Yavuz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Da Suyu, Im" uniqKey="Da Suyu I">IM Dağsuyu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bolukba I, B" uniqKey="Bolukba I B">B Bölükbaşi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ceylan, I" uniqKey="Ceylan I">I Ceylan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ashkenazi, M" uniqKey="Ashkenazi M">M Ashkenazi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taubman, L" uniqKey="Taubman L">L Taubman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gavish, A" uniqKey="Gavish A">A Gavish</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shahabi, M" uniqKey="Shahabi M">M Shahabi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramazanzadeh, B" uniqKey="Ramazanzadeh B">B Ramazanzadeh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mokhber, N" uniqKey="Mokhber N">N Mokhber</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gungor, K" uniqKey="Gungor K">K Gungor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sagir, M" uniqKey="Sagir M">M Sagir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozer, I" uniqKey="Ozer I">I Ozer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yaniko Lu, N" uniqKey="Yaniko Lu N">N Yanikoğlu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, B" uniqKey="Yilmaz B">B Yilmaz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ghosh, S" uniqKey="Ghosh S">S Ghosh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vengal, M" uniqKey="Vengal M">M Vengal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pai, Km" uniqKey="Pai K">KM Pai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abhishek, K" uniqKey="Abhishek K">K Abhishek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">ISRN Radiol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">ISRN Radiol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ISRN.RADIOLOGY</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>ISRN Radiology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2314-4084</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24959560</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4045553</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5402/2013/453763</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Association of Mandible Anatomy with Age, Gender, and Dental Status: A Radiographic Study</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chole</surname><given-names>Revant H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Patil</surname><given-names>Ranjitkumar N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4894-5033</contrib-id><name><surname>Balsaraf Chole</surname><given-names>Swati</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gondivkar</surname><given-names>Shailesh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gadbail</surname><given-names>Amol R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yuwanati</surname><given-names>Monal B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I6"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha 751024, India</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Department of Public Health Dentistry, Shri Aurobindo Institute of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453111, India</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MGVM's Dental College, Nashik, Maharashtra 422003, India</aff><aff id="I5"><sup>5</sup>Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra 442004, India</aff><aff id="I6"><sup>6</sup>Department of Oral Pathology, Peoples Dental Academy, Bhanpur Bypass Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462037, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Monal B. Yuwanati: <email>monal9817@gmail.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editors: H. Akan and P. Cascone</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>2013</volume><elocation-id>453763</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>20</day><month>8</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>18</day><month>9</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 Revant H. Chole et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Introduction</italic>. Gonial angle and antegonial region are important landmarks in mandible which is influenced by gender, age, and dental status. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth and to investigate their relationship to gender, age group, and dental status. <italic>Materials and Methods</italic>. A total of 1060 panoramic radiographs were evaluated: the dentulous group, 854 subjects and the edentulous group, 206 subjects. The patients were grouped into six age groups of 10-years each. Gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth were measured from panoramic radiographs. <italic>Results and Discussion</italic>. Corelation of age with gonial angle, antegonial angle and antegonial depth was not significant. Significant difference in mandibular angle was found between males and females. Males had significantly smaller antegonial angle and greater antegonial depth than females. Significant difference was found for gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth between right and left sides of mandible. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. Gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth can be implicated as a forensic tool for gender determination but not suitable for age determination.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><graphic xlink:href="ISRN.RADIOLOGY2013-453763.001"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Sample distribution by gender, age group, and dental status.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Characteristics</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of patients</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">566</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.39</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">494</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.60</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age group (yrs.)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 15–25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">240</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.64</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 26–35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">188</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.73</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 36–45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">174</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.41</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 46–55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">130</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.26</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 56–65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">162</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.28</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 66 and above</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">166</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.66</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dental status</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Dentulous</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">854 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.56</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Edentulous</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">206</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.43</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Distribution by gender and dental status (mean and standard deviation) for gonial angle, ante gonial angle, and ante gonial depth (mm).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Characteristics</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>t</italic> value</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="5" align="center" rowspan="1">Gonial angle</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118.056</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.47</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">3.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Significant <italic>P</italic> < 0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">123.109</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.439</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dental status</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Dentulous</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">1.147</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Not significant <italic>P</italic> > 0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Edentulous</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.84</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="center" rowspan="1">Ante gonial angle</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">162.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.39</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">3.848</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Significant <italic>P</italic> < 0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">167.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.27</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dental Status</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Dentulous</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">164.81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.34</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">1.107</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Not significant <italic>P</italic> > 0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Edentulous</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">163.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="center" rowspan="1">Ante gonial depth (mm)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Male</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.251</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.405</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">5.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Significant <italic>P</italic> < 0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Female</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5763</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dental Status</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Dentulous</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">1.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Not significant <italic>P</italic> > 0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Edentulous</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.84</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Mean and confidence interval of the gonial angle, antegonial angle, and antegonial depth.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Characteristics</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Right</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Left</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Total</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SE</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gonial angle</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.742</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">121.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.745</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>t</italic> calculated value</td><td align="center" colspan="6" rowspan="1">7.22, significant, <italic>P</italic>* < 0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ante gonial angle</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">164.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.775</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">163.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.87</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">164.81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.741</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>t</italic> calculated value</td><td align="center" colspan="6" rowspan="1">10.18, significant, <italic>P</italic>* < 0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ante gonial depth (mm)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.129</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.124</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.123</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>t</italic> calculated value</td><td align="center" colspan="6" rowspan="1">9.108</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>t</italic> tabulated value</td><td align="center" colspan="6" rowspan="1">1.98, significant, <italic>P</italic>* < 0.05</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*Comparison between right and left sides: <italic>P</italic> < 0.05 (significant).</p></fn><fn><p>SE: standard error of mean.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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