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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Divergent Palate Morphology in Turtles and Birds Correlates With Differences in Proliferation and <italic>BMP2</italic> Expression During Embryonic Development</title><author><name sortKey="Abramyan, John" sort="Abramyan, John" uniqKey="Abramyan J" first="John" last="Abramyan">John Abramyan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jia Mien Leung, Kelvin" sort="Jia Mien Leung, Kelvin" uniqKey="Jia Mien Leung K" first="Kelvin" last="Jia-Mien Leung">Kelvin Jia-Mien Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richman, Joy Marion" sort="Richman, Joy Marion" uniqKey="Richman J" first="Joy Marion" last="Richman">Joy Marion Richman</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24323766</idno><idno type="pmc">4076469</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4076469</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4076469</idno><idno type="doi">10.1002/jez.b.22547</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000391</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000391</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Divergent Palate Morphology in Turtles and Birds Correlates With Differences in Proliferation and <italic>BMP2</italic> Expression During Embryonic Development</title><author><name sortKey="Abramyan, John" sort="Abramyan, John" uniqKey="Abramyan J" first="John" last="Abramyan">John Abramyan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jia Mien Leung, Kelvin" sort="Jia Mien Leung, Kelvin" uniqKey="Jia Mien Leung K" first="Kelvin" last="Jia-Mien Leung">Kelvin Jia-Mien Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richman, Joy Marion" sort="Richman, Joy Marion" uniqKey="Richman J" first="Joy Marion" last="Richman">Joy Marion Richman</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution</title><idno type="ISSN">1552-5007</idno><idno type="eISSN">1552-5015</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">During embryonic development, amniotes typically form outgrowths from the medial sides of the maxillary prominences called palatal shelves or palatine processes. In mammals the shelves fuse in the midline and form a bony hard palate that completely separates the nasal and oral cavities. In birds and lizards, palatine processes develop but remain unfused, leaving a natural cleft. Adult turtles do not possess palatine processes and unlike other amniotes, the internal nares open into the oral cavity. Here we investigate craniofacial ontogeny in the turtle, <italic>Emydura subglobosa</italic> to determine whether vestigial palatine processes develop and subsequently regress, or whether development fails entirely. We found that the primary palate in turtles develops similarly to other amniotes, but secondary palate ontogeny diverges. Using histology, cellular dynamics and in situ hybridization we found no evidence of palatine process development at any time during ontogeny of the face in the turtle. Furthermore, detailed comparisons with chicken embryos (the model organism most closely related to turtles from a molecular phylogeny perspective), we identified differences in proliferation and gene expression patterns that correlate with the differences in palate morphology. We propose that, in turtles, palatine process outgrowth is never initiated due to a lack of mesenchymal bone morphogenetic protein 2 (<italic>BMP2</italic>) expression in the maxillary mesenchyme, which in turn fails to induce the relatively higher cellular proliferation required for medial tissue outgrowth. It is likely that these differences between turtles and birds arose after the divergence of the lineage leading to modern turtles.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">101168228</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">30293</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Exp. Zool. B Mol. Dev. Evol.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1552-5007</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1552-5015</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24323766</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4076469</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/jez.b.22547</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS597258</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Divergent Palate Morphology in Turtles and Birds Correlates With Differences in Proliferation and <italic>BMP2</italic> Expression During Embryonic Development</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ABRAMYAN</surname><given-names>JOHN</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>JIA-MIEN LEUNG</surname><given-names>KELVIN</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>RICHMAN</surname><given-names>JOY MARION</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="CR1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="CR1"><label>*</label>Correspondence to: Life Sciences Institute, UBC, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3. <email>richman@dentistry.ubc.ca</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>6</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>2</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>322</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1002/jez.b.22547</pmc-comment>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2013 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p id="P1">During embryonic development, amniotes typically form outgrowths from the medial sides of the maxillary prominences called palatal shelves or palatine processes. In mammals the shelves fuse in the midline and form a bony hard palate that completely separates the nasal and oral cavities. In birds and lizards, palatine processes develop but remain unfused, leaving a natural cleft. Adult turtles do not possess palatine processes and unlike other amniotes, the internal nares open into the oral cavity. Here we investigate craniofacial ontogeny in the turtle, <italic>Emydura subglobosa</italic> to determine whether vestigial palatine processes develop and subsequently regress, or whether development fails entirely. We found that the primary palate in turtles develops similarly to other amniotes, but secondary palate ontogeny diverges. Using histology, cellular dynamics and in situ hybridization we found no evidence of palatine process development at any time during ontogeny of the face in the turtle. Furthermore, detailed comparisons with chicken embryos (the model organism most closely related to turtles from a molecular phylogeny perspective), we identified differences in proliferation and gene expression patterns that correlate with the differences in palate morphology. We propose that, in turtles, palatine process outgrowth is never initiated due to a lack of mesenchymal bone morphogenetic protein 2 (<italic>BMP2</italic>) expression in the maxillary mesenchyme, which in turn fails to induce the relatively higher cellular proliferation required for medial tissue outgrowth. It is likely that these differences between turtles and birds arose after the divergence of the lineage leading to modern turtles.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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