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<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Cone beam CT evaluation of the presence of anatomic accessory canals in the jaws</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eshak, M" sort="Eshak, M" uniqKey="Eshak M" first="M" last="Eshak">M. Eshak</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<addr-line>Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brooks, S" sort="Brooks, S" uniqKey="Brooks S" first="S" last="Brooks">S. Brooks</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<addr-line>Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</addr-line>
;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abdel Wahed, N" sort="Abdel Wahed, N" uniqKey="Abdel Wahed N" first="N" last="Abdel-Wahed">N. Abdel-Wahed</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<addr-line>Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Edwards, P C" sort="Edwards, P C" uniqKey="Edwards P" first="P C" last="Edwards">P C Edwards</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff4">
<addr-line>Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24670010</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4082258</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4082258</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4082258</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1259/dmfr.20130259</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Cone beam CT evaluation of the presence of anatomic accessory canals in the jaws</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eshak, M" sort="Eshak, M" uniqKey="Eshak M" first="M" last="Eshak">M. Eshak</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1">
<addr-line>Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brooks, S" sort="Brooks, S" uniqKey="Brooks S" first="S" last="Brooks">S. Brooks</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff2">
<addr-line>Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</addr-line>
;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abdel Wahed, N" sort="Abdel Wahed, N" uniqKey="Abdel Wahed N" first="N" last="Abdel-Wahed">N. Abdel-Wahed</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff3">
<addr-line>Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Edwards, P C" sort="Edwards, P C" uniqKey="Edwards P" first="P C" last="Edwards">P C Edwards</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff4">
<addr-line>Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Dentomaxillofacial Radiology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0250-832X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1476-542X</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
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<textClass></textClass>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<sec>
<title>Objectives:</title>
<p>To assess the prevalence, location and anatomical course of accessory canals of the jaws using cone beam CT.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods:</title>
<p>A retrospective analysis of 4200 successive cone beam CT scans, for patients of both genders and ages ranging from 7 to 88 years, was performed. They were exposed at the School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. After applying the exclusion criteria (the presence of severe ridge resorption, pre-existing implants, a previously reported history of craniofacial malformations or syndromes, a previous history of trauma or surgery, inadequate image quality and subsequent scans from the same individuals), 4051 scans were ultimately included in this study.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results:</title>
<p>Of the 4051 scans (2306 females and 1745 males) that qualified for inclusion in this study, accessory canals were identified in 1737 cases (42.9%; 1004 females and 733 males). 532 scans were in the maxilla (13.1%; 296 females and 236 males) and 1205 in the mandible (29.8%; 708 females and 497 males).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions:</title>
<p>A network of accessory canals bringing into communication the inner and outer cortical plates of the jaws was identified. In light of these findings, clinicians should carefully assess for the presence of accessory canals prior to any surgical intervention to decrease the risk for complications.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Dentomaxillofac Radiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Dentomaxillofac Radiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">dmfr</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Dentomaxillofacial Radiology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0250-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1476-542X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>The British Institute of Radiology.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24670010</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4082258</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-manuscript">13259</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1259/dmfr.20130259</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Cone beam CT evaluation of the presence of anatomic accessory canals in the jaws</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="left-running-head">CBCT evaluation of anatomic accessory canals</alt-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="right-running-head">M Eshak
<italic>et al</italic>
</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Eshak</surname>
<given-names>M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brooks</surname>
<given-names>S</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Abdel-Wahed</surname>
<given-names>N</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Edwards</surname>
<given-names>P C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
<addr-line>Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
<addr-line>Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</addr-line>
;</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
<addr-line>Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
<addr-line>Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.</addr-line>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">Correspondence to: Dr Maha Eshak. E-mail:
<email xlink:href="maha_mohamed@mu.edu.eg">maha_mohamed@mu.edu.eg</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>5</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>24</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<elocation-id>20130259</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>16</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2013</year>
<string-date>Received on July 16, 2013</string-date>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>12</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
<string-date>Revised on February 12, 2014</string-date>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>24</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
<string-date>Accepted on February 24, 2014</string-date>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2014 The Authors. Published by the British Institute of Radiology</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>The British Institute of Radiology</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="dmfr.20130259.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract>
<sec>
<title>Objectives:</title>
<p>To assess the prevalence, location and anatomical course of accessory canals of the jaws using cone beam CT.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods:</title>
<p>A retrospective analysis of 4200 successive cone beam CT scans, for patients of both genders and ages ranging from 7 to 88 years, was performed. They were exposed at the School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. After applying the exclusion criteria (the presence of severe ridge resorption, pre-existing implants, a previously reported history of craniofacial malformations or syndromes, a previous history of trauma or surgery, inadequate image quality and subsequent scans from the same individuals), 4051 scans were ultimately included in this study.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results:</title>
<p>Of the 4051 scans (2306 females and 1745 males) that qualified for inclusion in this study, accessory canals were identified in 1737 cases (42.9%; 1004 females and 733 males). 532 scans were in the maxilla (13.1%; 296 females and 236 males) and 1205 in the mandible (29.8%; 708 females and 497 males).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions:</title>
<p>A network of accessory canals bringing into communication the inner and outer cortical plates of the jaws was identified. In light of these findings, clinicians should carefully assess for the presence of accessory canals prior to any surgical intervention to decrease the risk for complications.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>accessory canals</kwd>
<x xml:space="preserve">; </x>
<kwd>incisive canal</kwd>
<x xml:space="preserve">; </x>
<kwd>lingual vascular canals</kwd>
<x xml:space="preserve">; </x>
<kwd>interforaminal</kwd>
<x xml:space="preserve">; </x>
<kwd>CBCT</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="7"></fig-count>
<table-count count="1"></table-count>
<ref-count count="36"></ref-count>
<page-count count="8"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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