Clipping the (tongue) tie
Identifieur interne : 000200 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000199; suivant : 000201Clipping the (tongue) tie
Auteurs : Nagate Raghavendra Reddy ; Yuvaraja Marudhappan ; Renuka Devi ; Sumit NarangSource :
- Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology [ 0972-124X ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Ankyloglossia is an uncommon congenital oral anomaly that can cause difficulty with breast-feeding and speech articulation. For many years, the subject of ankyloglossia has been controversial with practitioners of many specialties having widely different views regarding its significance and management. This study is about a series of five cases of ankyloglossia subjected to surgical correction by frenectomy procedure. Three cases were treated with electrocautery, one case with diode laser and one case with conventional scalpel technique. 1 week and 1 month post-operative follow-ups were done and healing was compared with the available literature. Manipulation of tissues was better in laser and electrocautery techniques when compared with scalpel. Post-operative complication of swelling and pain was seen in scalpel technique whereas it was largely uneventful in other techniques. Though, there was no difference in healing at the end of first month clinically, scalpel technique has shown better results in organization of muscle fibers. This clinical study indicates that laser and electrocautery treatment used for frenectomy operations provides better patient perception in terms of postoperative pain and function than that obtained by the scalpel technique. Considering the above advantages, when used correctly, the laser and electrocautery offers a safe, effective, acceptable and impressive alternative for frenectomy operations.
Url:
DOI: 10.4103/0972-124X.134590
PubMed: 25024558
PubMed Central: 4095637
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Clipping the (tongue) tie</title><author><name sortKey="Reddy, Nagate Raghavendra" sort="Reddy, Nagate Raghavendra" uniqKey="Reddy N" first="Nagate Raghavendra" last="Reddy">Nagate Raghavendra Reddy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marudhappan, Yuvaraja" sort="Marudhappan, Yuvaraja" uniqKey="Marudhappan Y" first="Yuvaraja" last="Marudhappan">Yuvaraja Marudhappan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Devi, Renuka" sort="Devi, Renuka" uniqKey="Devi R" first="Renuka" last="Devi">Renuka Devi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narang, Sumit" sort="Narang, Sumit" uniqKey="Narang S" first="Sumit" last="Narang">Sumit Narang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25024558</idno><idno type="pmc">4095637</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4095637</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4095637</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/0972-124X.134590</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000200</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000200</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Clipping the (tongue) tie</title><author><name sortKey="Reddy, Nagate Raghavendra" sort="Reddy, Nagate Raghavendra" uniqKey="Reddy N" first="Nagate Raghavendra" last="Reddy">Nagate Raghavendra Reddy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marudhappan, Yuvaraja" sort="Marudhappan, Yuvaraja" uniqKey="Marudhappan Y" first="Yuvaraja" last="Marudhappan">Yuvaraja Marudhappan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Devi, Renuka" sort="Devi, Renuka" uniqKey="Devi R" first="Renuka" last="Devi">Renuka Devi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Narang, Sumit" sort="Narang, Sumit" uniqKey="Narang S" first="Sumit" last="Narang">Sumit Narang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology</title><idno type="ISSN">0972-124X</idno><idno type="eISSN">0975-1580</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Ankyloglossia is an uncommon congenital oral anomaly that can cause difficulty with breast-feeding and speech articulation. For many years, the subject of ankyloglossia has been controversial with practitioners of many specialties having widely different views regarding its significance and management. This study is about a series of five cases of ankyloglossia subjected to surgical correction by frenectomy procedure. Three cases were treated with electrocautery, one case with diode laser and one case with conventional scalpel technique. 1 week and 1 month post-operative follow-ups were done and healing was compared with the available literature. Manipulation of tissues was better in laser and electrocautery techniques when compared with scalpel. Post-operative complication of swelling and pain was seen in scalpel technique whereas it was largely uneventful in other techniques. Though, there was no difference in healing at the end of first month clinically, scalpel technique has shown better results in organization of muscle fibers. This clinical study indicates that laser and electrocautery treatment used for frenectomy operations provides better patient perception in terms of postoperative pain and function than that obtained by the scalpel technique. Considering the above advantages, when used correctly, the laser and electrocautery offers a safe, effective, acceptable and impressive alternative for frenectomy operations.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chaubal, Tv" uniqKey="Chaubal T">TV Chaubal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dixit, Mb" uniqKey="Dixit M">MB Dixit</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hughes, Cl" uniqKey="Hughes C">CL Hughes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bass, Jw" uniqKey="Bass J">JW Bass</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pick, Rm" uniqKey="Pick R">RM Pick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Colvard, Md" uniqKey="Colvard M">MD Colvard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Steven, Ig" uniqKey="Steven I">IG Steven</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mario, Av" uniqKey="Mario A">AV Mario</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krejci, Rf" uniqKey="Krejci R">RF Krejci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kalkwarf, Kl" uniqKey="Kalkwarf K">KL Kalkwarf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krause Hohenstein, U" uniqKey="Krause Hohenstein U">U Krause-Hohenstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morosolli, Ar" uniqKey="Morosolli A">AR Morosolli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Veeck, Eb" uniqKey="Veeck E">EB Veeck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niccoli Filho, W" uniqKey="Niccoli Filho W">W Niccoli-Filho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gomes, Mf" uniqKey="Gomes M">MF Gomes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Das Gracas, V" uniqKey="Das Gracas V">V das Graças</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goulart, M" uniqKey="Goulart M">M Goulart</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Munisekhar, Ms" uniqKey="Munisekhar M">MS Munisekhar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mahendranath, Reddy K" uniqKey="Mahendranath R">Reddy K Mahendranath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Syed, Afroz Ahmed" uniqKey="Syed A">Afroz Ahmed Syed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Charu, Suri" uniqKey="Charu S">Suri Charu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Esther, Priyadarshini S" uniqKey="Esther P">Priyadarshini S Esther</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tuli, A" uniqKey="Tuli A">A Tuli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, A" uniqKey="Singh A">A Singh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Verco, Pj" uniqKey="Verco P">PJ Verco</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="case-report"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Indian Soc Periodontol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Indian Soc Periodontol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JISP</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0972-124X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">0975-1580</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25024558</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4095637</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">JISP-18-395</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/0972-124X.134590</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Case Report</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Clipping the (tongue) tie</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reddy</surname><given-names>Nagate Raghavendra</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marudhappan</surname><given-names>Yuvaraja</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Devi</surname><given-names>Renuka</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narang</surname><given-names>Sumit</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><italic>Department of Periodontics, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Kalvi Nagar, Thiruchengode, Namakkal (Dist), Tamilnadu, India</italic></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Dr. Nagate Raghavendra Reddy, Department of Periodontics, K.S.R. Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Kalvi Nagar, Thiruchengode, Namakkal (Dist), Tamilnadu, India. E-mail: <email xlink:href="nrreddy8@yahoo.co.in">nrreddy8@yahoo.co.in</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>May-Jun</season><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>395</fpage><lpage>398</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>4</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Ankyloglossia is an uncommon congenital oral anomaly that can cause difficulty with breast-feeding and speech articulation. For many years, the subject of ankyloglossia has been controversial with practitioners of many specialties having widely different views regarding its significance and management. This study is about a series of five cases of ankyloglossia subjected to surgical correction by frenectomy procedure. Three cases were treated with electrocautery, one case with diode laser and one case with conventional scalpel technique. 1 week and 1 month post-operative follow-ups were done and healing was compared with the available literature. Manipulation of tissues was better in laser and electrocautery techniques when compared with scalpel. Post-operative complication of swelling and pain was seen in scalpel technique whereas it was largely uneventful in other techniques. Though, there was no difference in healing at the end of first month clinically, scalpel technique has shown better results in organization of muscle fibers. This clinical study indicates that laser and electrocautery treatment used for frenectomy operations provides better patient perception in terms of postoperative pain and function than that obtained by the scalpel technique. Considering the above advantages, when used correctly, the laser and electrocautery offers a safe, effective, acceptable and impressive alternative for frenectomy operations.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Ankyloglossia</kwd><kwd>electrocautery</kwd><kwd>laser</kwd><kwd>scalpel</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro" id="sec1-1"><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>Ankyloglossia is a Greek term originating from two Greek words <italic>skolios</italic> (curved) and <italic>glossa</italic> (tongue). Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is a congenital condition, which occurs as a result of fusion between the tongue and floor of the mouth.[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>] Wallace in 1960 defined tongue-tie as a condition in which tip of the tongue cannot be protruded beyond the lower incisor teeth because of a short frenulum linguae. Tongue-tie can vary from a thin elastic membrane to a thickened, white nonelastic tissue.</p><p>In many individuals, ankyloglossia is asymptomatic; the condition may resolve spontaneously or affected individuals may learn to compensate adequately for their decreased lingual mobility. Some individuals, however, benefit from surgical intervention frenotomy, frenectomy and frenuloplasty for their tongue-tie. Patients should be educated about the possible long-term effects of tongue-tie so that they may make an informed choice regarding possible therapy. The prevalence of ankyloglossia reported in the literature varies from 0.1% to 10.7%. The prevalence is also higher in studies investigating neonates (1.72% to 10.7%) than in studies investigating children, adolescents, or adults (0.1% to 2.08%). It can be speculated that some milder forms of ankyloglossia may resolve with growth, explaining this age-related difference. There is some evidence that ankyloglossia can be a genetically transmissible pathology. It is unknown which genetic components regulate the phenotype and penetrance in the patients affected. More basic research is needed to clarify the exact etiopathogenesis of ankyloglossia. Ankyloglossia was also found associated in cases with some rare syndromes such as X-linked cleft palate syndrome, Kindler syndrome, Van der Woude syndrome and Opitz syndrome. Nevertheless, most ankyloglossias are observed in persons without any other congenital anomalies or diseases. Speech problems can occur when there is limited mobility of the tongue due to ankyloglossia. The difficulties in articulation are evident for consonants and sounds like “s, z, t, d, l, j, zh, ch, th, d” and it is especially difficult to roll an “r”.</p><sec id="sec2-1"><title>Kotlow's classification of ankyloglossia</title><p>Free tongue is defined as the length of the tongue from the insertion of lingual frenum into base of the tongue to the tip of the tongue. Clinically acceptable normal range of free tongue is greater than 16 mm. According to Kotlow's observation, ankyloglossia can be of four types depending on clinically available free tongue (protrusion of tongue).[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]</p><p><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Class I: Mild ankyloglossia (12-16 mm)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Class II: Moderate ankyloglossia (8-11 mm)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Class III: Severe ankyloglossia (3-7 mm)</p></list-item><list-item><p>Class IV: Complete ankyloglossia (<3 mm).</p></list-item></list></p></sec><sec id="sec2-2"><title>Lingual frenum: Anatomy and development</title><p>The root of the tongue is derived largely from hyoid arch material. Additions to the root are made from the third and perhaps the fourth branchial arches. As these processes of development continue, the body portion of the tongue gradually becomes free from the sides and the floor of the oral cavity. A median mucosal fold, which may vary in length, is left extending from the floor of the oral cavity to the undersurface of the tongue, not far from the tip. This inferior surface of the tongue is covered by smooth, thin mucosa which is reflected to the lingual or the oral side of the gingiva and the floor of the mouth. When the tongue is raised and elevated, a fold of this mucosa, the lingual frenulum, can be noted in the midline. On either side of the midline, a ridge of fimbriated mucosa extends forward and medially towards the tip of the tongue. Between these ridges and embedded in the undersurface of the tongue are lingual nerves, glands and vessels. Sometimes this attachment of lingual frenum with the tip of tongue restricts the movements of tongue giving rise to condition referred to as tongue-tie. In such conditions the aberrant lingual frenum consists of genioglossal muscle fibers.[<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]</p></sec><sec id="sec2-3"><title>Physiological functions and limitations</title><p>The lingual frenulum is important in various physiologic functions of the tongue:[<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]</p><p><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Its length and place of attachment affect the movement of the tip in speech and mastication. Speech is affected when extension or elevation of the tip is limited or when there is an inability to touch the palate with the dorsum of the tongue. Most persons with ankyloglossia, though aware of the condition, are able to compensate adequately and can pronounce many sounds properly or nearly so. There are some, however, who are unable to effect this compensation. The most common difficulty is in production of the “s” sound off the incisal edge of the lower incisor instead of behind the incisive papilla. Other sounds that cause trouble are “t,” ‘d,” “1,” and “n”</p></list-item><list-item><p>In the edentulous mouth even a well-compensated ankyloglossia may require surgical correction prior to the construction of full dentures</p></list-item><list-item><p>Inability to raise the tongue to the roof of the mouth may prevent development of an adult swallow and encourage continuation of the infantile swallow, which may lead to an open-bite. The lack of a free upward and backward movement of the tongue may result, in an exaggerated thrusting of the tongue against the anterior body of the mandible and produce a mandibular prognathism</p></list-item><list-item><p>Gingival recession on the lingual surfaces</p></list-item><list-item><p>Mandibular prognathism and maxillary hypo development due to the low position and the forward and downward pressure applied.</p></list-item></list></p></sec></sec><sec id="sec1-2"><title>CASE REPORT</title><p>A total of five cases, all classified as Kotlow's class III ankyloglossia, were selected from the department of periodontics. Informed consent was taken from all the patients. Institutional ethical committee clearance was obtained. The patients were young, belonging to age group between 17 and 25 years. There were four male patients and one female patient. All the patients presented with some kind of speech defect. All patients were able to protrude the tongue tip till the lower lip. Marginal tissue recession of 2 mm from the CEJ on the lingual aspect of 31, 41 was present in one of the cases [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1a</xref>].</p><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Frenectomy with conventional technique (Scalpel and Blade), (a) preoperative view, (b) operative view, (c) 1 week post-operative view, (d) 1 month post-operative view</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JISP-18-395-g001"></graphic></fig><sec id="sec2-4"><title>Frenectomy using scalpel</title><p>One case of frenectomy was performed with scalpel using blade no. 15 [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1b</xref>]. The procedure was carried under local anesthesia with 2% lignocaine hydrochloride. First a hemostat was inserted at the depth of the vestibule and clamped into position followed by giving two incisions at the superior and inferior aspect of the hemostat. This way the intervening frenum was removed. Muscle fibers were then removed with the help of hemostat. The wound edges were then approximated with 4-0 black silk sutures [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1b</xref>]. Analgesics and antibiotics were prescribed. Swelling and pain was present on the 1<sup>st</sup> postoperative day, which subsided with the continuation of medication. One week post-operative image showed the formation of slough over the operated site (extending along base of the tongue and floor of the mouth) indicating the process of healing [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1c</xref>]. Patient was advised tongue exercises after 1 week. One month post-operative image shows complete healing [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1d</xref>].</p></sec><sec id="sec2-5"><title>Frenectomy using electrocautery</title><p>Three cases of lingual frenectomy were performed using electrocautery. Frenum was held with hemostat at the depth of the vestibule and two incisions were placed using needle electrode [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2a</xref>,<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">b</xref>]. Muscle fibers were then separated using loop electrode. Coagulation was achieved by using ball electrode. Immediate post-operative views showed arrest of bleeding and no requisite for sutures [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2b</xref>]. Antibiotics and analgesics were prescribed. One week post-operative view showed presence of slough in the operated site indicating healing process [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2c</xref>]. One month post-operative view showed complete healing of tissues [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2d</xref>].</p><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Frenectomy with electrocautery, (a) preoperative view, (b) operative view, (c) 1 week post-operative view, (d) 1 month post-operative view</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JISP-18-395-g002"></graphic></fig></sec><sec id="sec2-6"><title>Frenectomy using laser</title><p>One case of lingual frenectomy was performed using laser. Tongue was raised to gain access and frenectomy performed using diode laser in a constant motion [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3a</xref>,<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">b</xref>]. Immediate post-operative images showed no signs of hemorrhage. Saline irrigation was given and there was no need for sutures[<xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref><xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>] [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3b</xref>]. One week post-operative image shows partial healing [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3c</xref>]. One month post-operative image shows complete healing with scar formation [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3d</xref>].</p><fig id="F3" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Frenectomy with laser, (a) preoperative view, (b) operative view, (c) 1 week post-operative view, (d) 1 month post-operative view</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JISP-18-395-g003"></graphic></fig><p>Many <italic>in vitro</italic> studies have tried to compare the healing after scalpel and electrosurgical excision of soft tissues. The importance of lateral heat generated during electrosurgical procedures and its adverse effects on wound healing has been documented in detail by Krejci <italic>et al</italic>. (1987).[<xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>] Morosolli <italic>et al</italic>. (2010)[<xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>] in their study evaluated and compared the healing process after surgical treatment of chemically induced lesions in the lateral edge of tongue of hamsters performed with scalpel, electrocautery and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) laser radiation. Following are the observations of histological sections made by Morosolli <italic>et al</italic>. (2010) in hamsters during healing period [Figures <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4a</xref>–<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">c</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figure 5a</xref>–<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">c</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>].</p><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Healing after 14 days, (a) with scalpel, (b) with electrocautery, (c) with laser</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JISP-18-395-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Healing after 28 days, (a) with scalpel, (b) with electrocautery, (c) with laser</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JISP-18-395-g005"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Demonstrates the comparison of healing process histologically after surgical excision of frenum by scalpel, electrocautery and laser</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JISP-18-395-g006"></graphic></table-wrap><p>The use of diode laser at high power settings have shown to produce charring of tissues and separation of epithelium from the underlying connective tissue thus advocating the use of low power settings with diode lasers.[<xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>]</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="discussion" id="sec1-3"><title>DISCUSSION</title><p>Optimal management of tongue-tie including timely and appropriate surgical intervention, followed by speech therapy when indicated, has the capacity to deliver pleasing results, often in a shorter time than expected. It is being so increasingly accepted by disciplines associated with infants, children and adults with tongue-tie that there is now no place for ‘wait and see’ policies when the frenum has been identified and diagnosed as abnormal, and early intervention is the optimal management.</p><p>The correction of ankyloglossia at an early age reduces the risk of latent complications. Therefore, surgery should be considered at any age depending on the patient's history of speech, feeding, or mechanical/social difficulties. Surgical techniques for the therapy of tongue-ties can be classified into three procedures. Frenotomy is a simple cutting of the frenulum. Frenectomy is defined as complete excision, i.e., removal of the whole frenulum. Frenuloplasty involves various methods to release the tongue-tie and correct the anatomic situation. There is no sufficient evidence in the literature concerning surgical treatment options for ankyloglossia to favor any one of the three main techniques.[<xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>]</p><p>In this case report, a series of five cases of ankyloglossia were subjected to surgical correction by frenectomy procedure. For three cases, surgical excision of lingual frenum was performed with electrocautery. The remaining two cases underwent surgical excision with laser and scalpel techniques, respectively. As it is evident from the literature, the manipulation of tissues was better in procedure with laser and electrocautery. Bleeding was less pronounced when compared to conventional scalpel method. First post-operative day showed swelling and pain in the conventional case whereas it was uneventful in electrocautery and laser cases. Post-operative healing is faster as there is no need for the undermining of muscular tissues and suturing with catgut, or suturing superficial tissues with resorbable sutures.[<xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>] <italic>In vitro</italic> studies have shown that healing does not show any considerable difference histologically when the three procedures are carried out on rats. Skeletal muscle fibers were better organized and dynamics of healing process were more rapid in scalpel group. Thus, though the approaches to the problem of not using the traditional scalpel have merits but further improvements can still be made considering the healing aspect. Healing was complete by first post-operative month. Speech therapy must include exercise for tongue such as oral kinesthesia (ability to feel the part and how they are moving) and DDK (diadochokinesis-ability to perform rapid, alternating movements) without which no significant improvement in speech will be achieved.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusion" id="sec1-4"><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>This clinical study indicates that laser and electrocautery treatment used for frenectomy operations provides better patient perception in terms of postoperative pain and function than that obtained by the scalpel technique. 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