Oral health status, dental treatment needs, and barriers to dental care of elderly care home residents in Lodz, Poland
Identifieur interne : 000191 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000190; suivant : 000192Oral health status, dental treatment needs, and barriers to dental care of elderly care home residents in Lodz, Poland
Auteurs : Ewelina Gaszynska [Pologne] ; Franciszek Szatko [Pologne] ; Malgorzata Godala [Pologne] ; Tomasz Gaszynski [Pologne]Source :
- Clinical Interventions in Aging [ 1176-9092 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
To determine oral health status, dental treatment needs, and to identify barriers that prevent easy access to dental care by elderly care home residents in Lodz.
Studies in many countries show that oral health status of elderly care home residents is poor and there is an urgent need to improve it.
The study included 259 care home residents, aged 65 years and older. The oral examination was performed. In face-to-face interviews, subjects were asked about frequency of cleaning teeth and/or dentures, whether they needed assistance, and whether the assistance was available; they were also asked about the perceived dental needs, and about the time since their last visit to a dentist and the purpose of the visit. If they had not visited the dentist in the past 12 months, they were asked about reasons for failing to visit the dentist.
Forty-six percent of the subjects were edentulous. Only 5.8% of all participants had a sufficient number of functional natural teeth. Dental treatment was found to be necessary in 59.8% of the respondents. One in four subjects reported reduced ability of correctly cleaning teeth and dentures themselves, of whom only one-third were helped by others. An insufficient level of hygiene was found in every other subject. About 42% of residents had not visited a dentist for over 5 years, mainly due to organizational reasons.
Expanding the current scope of medical care for the elderly care home residents to include dental care would improve their currently poor oral health status.
Url:
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S69790
PubMed: 25284997
PubMed Central: 4181440
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Oral health status, dental treatment needs, and barriers to dental care of elderly care home residents in Lodz, Poland</title><author><name sortKey="Gaszynska, Ewelina" sort="Gaszynska, Ewelina" uniqKey="Gaszynska E" first="Ewelina" last="Gaszynska">Ewelina Gaszynska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-cia-9-1637">Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lodz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szatko, Franciszek" sort="Szatko, Franciszek" uniqKey="Szatko F" first="Franciszek" last="Szatko">Franciszek Szatko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-cia-9-1637">Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lodz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Godala, Malgorzata" sort="Godala, Malgorzata" uniqKey="Godala M" first="Malgorzata" last="Godala">Malgorzata Godala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-cia-9-1637">Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lodz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaszynski, Tomasz" sort="Gaszynski, Tomasz" uniqKey="Gaszynski T" first="Tomasz" last="Gaszynski">Tomasz Gaszynski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-cia-9-1637">Department of Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lodz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25284997</idno><idno type="pmc">4181440</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4181440</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4181440</idno><idno type="doi">10.2147/CIA.S69790</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000514</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000514</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000514</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000514</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000191</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000191</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Oral health status, dental treatment needs, and barriers to dental care of elderly care home residents in Lodz, Poland</title><author><name sortKey="Gaszynska, Ewelina" sort="Gaszynska, Ewelina" uniqKey="Gaszynska E" first="Ewelina" last="Gaszynska">Ewelina Gaszynska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-cia-9-1637">Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lodz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Szatko, Franciszek" sort="Szatko, Franciszek" uniqKey="Szatko F" first="Franciszek" last="Szatko">Franciszek Szatko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-cia-9-1637">Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lodz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Godala, Malgorzata" sort="Godala, Malgorzata" uniqKey="Godala M" first="Malgorzata" last="Godala">Malgorzata Godala</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-cia-9-1637">Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lodz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaszynski, Tomasz" sort="Gaszynski, Tomasz" uniqKey="Gaszynski T" first="Tomasz" last="Gaszynski">Tomasz Gaszynski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-cia-9-1637">Department of Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Lodz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical Interventions in Aging</title><idno type="ISSN">1176-9092</idno><idno type="eISSN">1178-1998</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>To determine oral health status, dental treatment needs, and to identify barriers that prevent easy access to dental care by elderly care home residents in Lodz.</p></sec><sec><title>Background</title><p>Studies in many countries show that oral health status of elderly care home residents is poor and there is an urgent need to improve it.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The study included 259 care home residents, aged 65 years and older. The oral examination was performed. In face-to-face interviews, subjects were asked about frequency of cleaning teeth and/or dentures, whether they needed assistance, and whether the assistance was available; they were also asked about the perceived dental needs, and about the time since their last visit to a dentist and the purpose of the visit. If they had not visited the dentist in the past 12 months, they were asked about reasons for failing to visit the dentist.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Forty-six percent of the subjects were edentulous. Only 5.8% of all participants had a sufficient number of functional natural teeth. Dental treatment was found to be necessary in 59.8% of the respondents. One in four subjects reported reduced ability of correctly cleaning teeth and dentures themselves, of whom only one-third were helped by others. An insufficient level of hygiene was found in every other subject. About 42% of residents had not visited a dentist for over 5 years, mainly due to organizational reasons.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Expanding the current scope of medical care for the elderly care home residents to include dental care would improve their currently poor oral health status.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Pe" uniqKey="Petersen P">PE Petersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, T" uniqKey="Yamamoto T">T Yamamoto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kandelman, D" uniqKey="Kandelman D">D Kandelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Pe" uniqKey="Petersen P">PE Petersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ueda, H" uniqKey="Ueda H">H Ueda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marino, R" uniqKey="Marino R">R Marino</name></author><author><name 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article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Interv Aging</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Clin Interv Aging</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Clinical Interventions in Aging</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1176-9092</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1178-1998</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25284997</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4181440</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/CIA.S69790</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cia-9-1637</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Oral health status, dental treatment needs, and barriers to dental care of elderly care home residents in Lodz, Poland</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gaszynska</surname><given-names>Ewelina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-cia-9-1637">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-cia-9-1637"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Szatko</surname><given-names>Franciszek</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-cia-9-1637">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Godala</surname><given-names>Malgorzata</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-cia-9-1637">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gaszynski</surname><given-names>Tomasz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-cia-9-1637">3</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-cia-9-1637"><label>1</label>Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</aff><aff id="af2-cia-9-1637"><label>2</label>Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</aff><aff id="af3-cia-9-1637"><label>3</label>Department of Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-cia-9-1637">Correspondence: Ewelina Gaszynska, Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion, Medical University of Lodz, Jaracza 63, 90-253 Lodz, Poland, Email <email>ewelina.gaszynska@umed.lodz.pl</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><fpage>1637</fpage><lpage>1644</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 Gaszynska et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of the License are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>To determine oral health status, dental treatment needs, and to identify barriers that prevent easy access to dental care by elderly care home residents in Lodz.</p></sec><sec><title>Background</title><p>Studies in many countries show that oral health status of elderly care home residents is poor and there is an urgent need to improve it.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The study included 259 care home residents, aged 65 years and older. The oral examination was performed. In face-to-face interviews, subjects were asked about frequency of cleaning teeth and/or dentures, whether they needed assistance, and whether the assistance was available; they were also asked about the perceived dental needs, and about the time since their last visit to a dentist and the purpose of the visit. If they had not visited the dentist in the past 12 months, they were asked about reasons for failing to visit the dentist.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Forty-six percent of the subjects were edentulous. Only 5.8% of all participants had a sufficient number of functional natural teeth. Dental treatment was found to be necessary in 59.8% of the respondents. One in four subjects reported reduced ability of correctly cleaning teeth and dentures themselves, of whom only one-third were helped by others. An insufficient level of hygiene was found in every other subject. About 42% of residents had not visited a dentist for over 5 years, mainly due to organizational reasons.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Expanding the current scope of medical care for the elderly care home residents to include dental care would improve their currently poor oral health status.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>dental care</kwd><kwd>institutionalized elderly</kwd><kwd>treatment needs</kwd><kwd>oral behaviors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-cia-9-1637" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Distribution of denture hygiene practices.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="cia-9-1637Fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-cia-9-1637" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Distribution of natural teeth cleaning.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="cia-9-1637Fig2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-cia-9-1637" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Time since the last visit of the subjects to the dentist.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="cia-9-1637Fig3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4-cia-9-1637" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>The reason for the last visit to the dentist.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="cia-9-1637Fig4"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-cia-9-1637" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Distribution of mean DMFT, mean number of teeth present, mean number of functional teeth, and number of edentulous respondents by sex</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sex</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DMFT<break></break>mean ± SD</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of remaining teeth<break></break>mean ± SD</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of functional teeth<break></break>mean ± SD</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of edentulous respondents<break></break>n (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Male</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.2±5.0</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.8±7.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.8±11.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40 (41.2%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Female</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">162</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.6±5.4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.9±6.9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.5±12.8</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79 (48.8%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">259</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.6±5.2</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6±7.3</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.6±12.4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119 (46%)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-cia-9-1637"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> DMFT, decayed, missing, and filled teeth; SD, standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-cia-9-1637" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Dental status of examined elderly respondents</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of remaining natural teeth</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of respondents (percentage of all respondents)</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prosthetic rehabilitation</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of respondents (percentage of edentulous or dentate respondents, respectively)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 natural teeth (edentulousness)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119 (46%)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Do not use denture<break></break>Use only one dentur<break></break>Use both dentures</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60 (50.5%)<break></break>48 (40.3%)<break></break>11 (9.2%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1–9 natural teeth</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 (26.6%)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Do not use dentures</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59 (42.1%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10–19 natural teeth</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49 (18.9%)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Use dentures</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66 (47.2%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 or more natural teeth</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22 (8.5%)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Do not need prostheses (sufficient number of natural occluding teeth)</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (10.7%)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-cia-9-1637" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Comparison between groups with acceptable and unacceptable oral hygiene according to mucosal plaque score (MPS)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acceptabl<break></break>MPS ≤<break></break>n=148</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unacceptabl<break></break>MPS ><break></break>n=82</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Teeth cleaned at least twice a day</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-cia-9-1637">a</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Teeth cleaned once a day or less frequently</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Conservative treatment needed</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.725<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-cia-9-1637">b</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tooth removal needed</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.006<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-cia-9-1637">a</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Prosthetic treatment needed</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.037<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-cia-9-1637">a</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No dental treatment needed</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Visit to dentist within the last 12 months</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.025<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-cia-9-1637">a</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Visit to dentist more than 12 months ago</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Activity of daily living</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.6±4.5</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.29±4.48</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.107<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn5-cia-9-1637">c</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of medications prescribed</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.84±2.93</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.97±3.01</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.482<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn5-cia-9-1637">c</xref></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn2-cia-9-1637"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Eleven patients (six men, five women) are not included because of the simultaneous absence of teeth and dentures, N=248.</p></fn><fn id="tfn3-cia-9-1637"><label>a</label><p><italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup> test;</p></fn><fn id="tfn4-cia-9-1637"><label>b</label><p>Fisher’s exact test;</p></fn><fn id="tfn5-cia-9-1637"><label>c</label><p>Kruskal–Wallis test.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t4-cia-9-1637" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Main reason for not visiting the dentist within the last 12 months mentioned by the respondents (n=193)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Main reason for not visiting the dentist within the last 12 months</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of the respondents (percentage of the respondents)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Felt no such need</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45 (23.3%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Had other major health problems</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44 (22.8%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Experienced problems with accessibility</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51 (26.4%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Did not believe that a dentist could help</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37 (19.2%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Expected high costs</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (2.6%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Were afraid of pain</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (2.6%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Other reasons</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (3.1%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">193 (100%)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t5-cia-9-1637" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Multiple logistic regression analysis showing odds ratio (OR) for visit to the dentist more than 12 months ago</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variables</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OR</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95% CI</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of present teeth</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.071</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.026–1.117</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.002</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Activity of daily living score</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.101</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.017–1.192</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.017</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cleaning teeth and/or dentures less than twice a day</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.515</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.267–0.992</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.047</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn6-cia-9-1637"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> In the model were included variables that appeared significant in univariate analyses calculated for: number of remaining teeth, number of functional teeth, number of prescribed medications, activity of daily living, systemic ailments, cleaning teeth less frequently than twice a day (<italic>P</italic><0.05), adjusted for age, sex, and education.</p></fn><fn id="tfn7-cia-9-1637"><p><bold>Abbreviation:</bold> CI, confidence interval.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Pologne</li></country></list><tree><country name="Pologne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gaszynska, Ewelina" 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