Psychosocial and Quality of Life Outcomes of Prosthetic Auricular Rehabilitation with CAD/CAM Technology
Identifieur interne : 000C77 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000C76; suivant : 000C78Psychosocial and Quality of Life Outcomes of Prosthetic Auricular Rehabilitation with CAD/CAM Technology
Auteurs : Chi Keung Tam [Hong Kong] ; Colman Patrick Mcgrath [Hong Kong] ; Samuel Mun Yin Ho [Hong Kong] ; Edmond Ho Nang Pow [Hong Kong] ; Henry Wai Kuen Luk [Hong Kong] ; Lim Kwong Cheung [Hong Kong]Source :
- International Journal of Dentistry [ 1687-8728 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2014/393571
PubMed: 24799904
PubMed Central: 3988852
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Psychosocial and Quality of Life Outcomes of Prosthetic Auricular Rehabilitation with CAD/CAM Technology</title><author><name sortKey="Tam, Chi Keung" sort="Tam, Chi Keung" uniqKey="Tam C" first="Chi Keung" last="Tam">Chi Keung Tam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgrath, Colman Patrick" sort="Mcgrath, Colman Patrick" uniqKey="Mcgrath C" first="Colman Patrick" last="Mcgrath">Colman Patrick Mcgrath</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Samuel Mun Yin" sort="Ho, Samuel Mun Yin" uniqKey="Ho S" first="Samuel Mun Yin" last="Ho">Samuel Mun Yin Ho</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Applied Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Applied Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>City University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pow, Edmond Ho Nang" sort="Pow, Edmond Ho Nang" uniqKey="Pow E" first="Edmond Ho Nang" last="Pow">Edmond Ho Nang Pow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luk, Henry Wai Kuen" sort="Luk, Henry Wai Kuen" uniqKey="Luk H" first="Henry Wai Kuen" last="Luk">Henry Wai Kuen Luk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Dental Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Dental Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, Lim Kwong" sort="Cheung, Lim Kwong" uniqKey="Cheung L" first="Lim Kwong" last="Cheung">Lim Kwong Cheung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24799904</idno><idno type="pmc">3988852</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988852</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3988852</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2014/393571</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000565</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000565</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000565</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000565</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000138</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000138</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000C77</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Psychosocial and Quality of Life Outcomes of Prosthetic Auricular Rehabilitation with CAD/CAM Technology</title><author><name sortKey="Tam, Chi Keung" sort="Tam, Chi Keung" uniqKey="Tam C" first="Chi Keung" last="Tam">Chi Keung Tam</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgrath, Colman Patrick" sort="Mcgrath, Colman Patrick" uniqKey="Mcgrath C" first="Colman Patrick" last="Mcgrath">Colman Patrick Mcgrath</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Samuel Mun Yin" sort="Ho, Samuel Mun Yin" uniqKey="Ho S" first="Samuel Mun Yin" last="Ho">Samuel Mun Yin Ho</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Applied Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Applied Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>City University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pow, Edmond Ho Nang" sort="Pow, Edmond Ho Nang" uniqKey="Pow E" first="Edmond Ho Nang" last="Pow">Edmond Ho Nang Pow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luk, Henry Wai Kuen" sort="Luk, Henry Wai Kuen" uniqKey="Luk H" first="Henry Wai Kuen" last="Luk">Henry Wai Kuen Luk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">Dental Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Dental Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, Lim Kwong" sort="Cheung, Lim Kwong" uniqKey="Cheung L" first="Lim Kwong" last="Cheung">Lim Kwong Cheung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country><wicri:regionArea>Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>The University of Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Dentistry</title><idno type="ISSN">1687-8728</idno><idno type="eISSN">1687-8736</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Introduction</italic>. The psychosocial and quality of life (QoL) of patients with deformed or missing ears are frequently compromised. The aim of this study is to develop innovative techniques using CAD/CAM technology in prosthetic auricular rehabilitation and provide improvement in the treatment outcomes, including their psychology and QoL. <italic>Methods</italic>. This is a preliminary clinical cohort study. Six patients requesting for auricular reconstruction were recruited and rehabilitated with implant-supported prosthesis using CAD/CAM technology. Different treatment outcomes including QoL and psychological changes were assessed at different time points. <italic>Results</italic>. A significant reduction in severity of depressive symptoms (<italic>P</italic> = 0.038) and an improving trend of satisfaction with life were found at 1 year postoperatively when compared with the preoperative findings. The domain scores in ‘‘Body image”, ‘‘Family/friends/strangers”, and ‘‘Mood” were also significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 1 year postoperatively than 1 week postoperatively. However, only 50% of the patients wear their auricular prosthesis regularly. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. This preliminary study has confirmed that implant-supported auricular prosthesis could induce improvement in the psychology and QoL with statistically significant differences in the domains of the body image, social interaction, and mood. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Dent</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJD</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Dentistry</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1687-8728</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1687-8736</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24799904</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3988852</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/393571</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Clinical Study</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Psychosocial and Quality of Life Outcomes of Prosthetic Auricular Rehabilitation with CAD/CAM Technology</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tam</surname><given-names>Chi Keung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McGrath</surname><given-names>Colman Patrick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ho</surname><given-names>Samuel Mun Yin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pow</surname><given-names>Edmond Ho Nang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luk</surname><given-names>Henry Wai Kuen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cheung</surname><given-names>Lim Kwong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Department of Applied Social Studies, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</aff><aff id="I5"><sup>5</sup>Dental Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Lim Kwong Cheung: <email>lkcheung@hku.hk</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Poramate Pitak-Arnnop</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>3</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>2014</volume><elocation-id>393571</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>3</day><month>1</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>9</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Chi Keung Tam et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Introduction</italic>. The psychosocial and quality of life (QoL) of patients with deformed or missing ears are frequently compromised. The aim of this study is to develop innovative techniques using CAD/CAM technology in prosthetic auricular rehabilitation and provide improvement in the treatment outcomes, including their psychology and QoL. <italic>Methods</italic>. This is a preliminary clinical cohort study. Six patients requesting for auricular reconstruction were recruited and rehabilitated with implant-supported prosthesis using CAD/CAM technology. Different treatment outcomes including QoL and psychological changes were assessed at different time points. <italic>Results</italic>. A significant reduction in severity of depressive symptoms (<italic>P</italic> = 0.038) and an improving trend of satisfaction with life were found at 1 year postoperatively when compared with the preoperative findings. The domain scores in ‘‘Body image”, ‘‘Family/friends/strangers”, and ‘‘Mood” were also significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 1 year postoperatively than 1 week postoperatively. However, only 50% of the patients wear their auricular prosthesis regularly. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. This preliminary study has confirmed that implant-supported auricular prosthesis could induce improvement in the psychology and QoL with statistically significant differences in the domains of the body image, social interaction, and mood. Our present findings can inform research design and hypotheses generation of future studies.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Case illustration of a patient with microtia. (a) Patient's right ear showing microtia. (b) Patient's left ear showing normal shaped ear. (c) Two implants were placed into the mastoid bone. (d) Wound closure with healing abutment exposed. (e) Patient's right ear showing the auricular prosthesis.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2014-393571.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>(a) Prosthesis position checked with<italic> Soft Touch</italic> (BrainLAB) digitized probe. (b) Screen shot of checking of the prosthesis position using the<italic> Soft Touch</italic> digitized probe to compare with preplanned position intraoperatively.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2014-393571.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Persistent adverse periabutment skin response around the gold alloy abutments.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IJD2014-393571.003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Intra-operative complications encountered.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Complications encountered</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Superior implant </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inferior implant </th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>n</italic> = 6</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>n</italic> = 6</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">During implant placement</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Dura exposure</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Dura perforation</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Bleeding</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">During immediate placement <break></break>of ear prosthesis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Retention</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Inadequate retention</td><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Unsuccessful bonding</td><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Prosthesis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> poor marginal accuracy</td><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">1 </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Poor stability</td><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">0 </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Inadequate function</td><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Asymmetrical/Poor position</td><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Wrong color matching</td><td align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">1</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Significance of changes in mean PCS scores of the SF-36 over the study period.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Physical component score</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value*</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pre-operative</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 week</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.007*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 months</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.065</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 months</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.055</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 year</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.156</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*<italic>P</italic> value derived from paired <italic>t</italic>-test comparison with pre-operative scores.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Significance of changes in mean MCS scores of the SF-36 over the study period.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mental component score</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pre-op</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 week</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.256</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 months</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.783</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 months</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.693</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 year</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.233</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*<italic>P</italic> value derived from paired <italic>t</italic>-test comparison with pre-operative scores.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Significance of changes in mean TOMCP-52 scores over the study period. </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TOMCP-52</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value*</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 week</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 months</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.245</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 months</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.353</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 year</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.030*</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*<italic>P</italic> value derived from paired <italic>t</italic>-test comparison with Week 1 scores.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>TOMCP scores over the time points.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Domain score</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 week (mean/SD)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 months (mean/SD/<italic>P</italic>)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 months (mean/SD/<italic>P</italic>)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 year (mean/SD/<italic>P</italic>)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fit and Retention</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.3/31.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.5/14.8/0.682</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.1/19.0/0.714</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.1/14.9/0.370</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Comfort </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.7/17.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.3/14.7/0.044*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.3/14.8/0.839</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.1/15.4/0.075</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Aesthetics</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.4/10.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70.4/9.1/0.251</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.7/9.6/0.666</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.6/15.1/0.037*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maintenance</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.1/20.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.8/17.2/0.158</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.9/17.8/0.224</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.7/17.8/0.270</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Body image</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.1/12.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.3/14.8/0.733</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.2/15.9/0.079</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.4/14.4/0.001*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leisure</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73.3/18.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.2/15.8/0.776</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.1/10.8/0.374</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.2/14.2/0.450</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Work/school</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71.3/21.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.2/12.7/0.842</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.0/11.0/0.530</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.9/10.3/0.550</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Family/friends/strangers</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57.4/15.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.3/19.1/0.833</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.9/8.4/0.402</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.9/12.9/0.047*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mood</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.3/9.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.7/11.7/0.304</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73.4/12.6/0.039*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81.7/15.5/0.003*</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sexuality</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.0/23.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73.6/28.1/0.771</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.2/21.6/0.415</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.2/14.7/0.518</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>*<italic>P</italic>-values ≤ 0.05 showing significant difference.</p></fn><fn><p><italic>P</italic>: <italic>P</italic>-value derived from paired <italic>t</italic>-test comparison with Week 1 scores.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>Clinical exposure of implants.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="3" colspan="1">Case</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Abutment length/mm</th><th align="center" colspan="10" rowspan="1">Clinical exposure/mm</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Sup</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Inf</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Immediate post-op</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">1-2 weeks post-op</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">1-month post-op</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">3-month post-op</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">6-month post-op</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sup</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inf</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sup</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inf</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sup</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inf</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sup</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inf</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sup</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inf</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.875</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.375</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Sup: superior implant; inf: inferior implant;</p></fn><fn><p><sup>#</sup>Patients who refused to wear the ear prosthesis since 3-month postop.</p></fn><fn><p>NA: Not Applicable.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 7</label><caption><p>Comparison of the clinical abutment exposure in patients willing and those unwilling to wear the ear prosthesis.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Immediate post-op</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">1-2 week post-op</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">6-month post-op</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sup</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inf</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sup</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inf</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sup</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Inf</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Willing to wear</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Mean exposure (mm)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.33</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Standard deviation</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Difference when compares with immediate post-op using pair <italic>t</italic>-test? (<italic>P</italic>-value)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No (0.15)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No (0.15)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No (0.14)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No (0.21)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unwilling to wear</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Mean exposure (mm)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.33</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Standard deviation</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.42</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Difference when compared with immediate post-op using pair <italic>t</italic>-test? (<italic>P</italic>-value)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes (0.02)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No (0.09)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yes (0.04)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No (0.23)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Hong Kong</li></country></list><tree><country name="Hong Kong"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tam, Chi Keung" sort="Tam, Chi Keung" uniqKey="Tam C" first="Chi Keung" last="Tam">Chi Keung Tam</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cheung, Lim Kwong" sort="Cheung, Lim Kwong" uniqKey="Cheung L" first="Lim Kwong" last="Cheung">Lim Kwong Cheung</name><name sortKey="Ho, Samuel Mun Yin" sort="Ho, Samuel Mun Yin" uniqKey="Ho S" first="Samuel Mun Yin" last="Ho">Samuel Mun Yin Ho</name><name sortKey="Luk, Henry Wai Kuen" sort="Luk, Henry Wai Kuen" uniqKey="Luk H" first="Henry Wai Kuen" last="Luk">Henry Wai Kuen Luk</name><name sortKey="Mcgrath, Colman Patrick" sort="Mcgrath, Colman Patrick" uniqKey="Mcgrath C" first="Colman Patrick" last="Mcgrath">Colman Patrick Mcgrath</name><name sortKey="Pow, Edmond Ho Nang" sort="Pow, Edmond Ho Nang" uniqKey="Pow E" first="Edmond Ho Nang" last="Pow">Edmond Ho Nang Pow</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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