A Carapace-Like Bony ‘Body Tube’ in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation
Identifieur interne : 000B30 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000B29; suivant : 000B31A Carapace-Like Bony ‘Body Tube’ in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation
Auteurs : Xiao-Hong Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Ryosuke Motani [États-Unis] ; Long Cheng [République populaire de Chine] ; Da-Yong Jiang [République populaire de Chine] ; Olivier Rieppel [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094396
PubMed: 24718682
PubMed Central: 3981804
Affiliations:
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Le document en format XML
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A Carapace-Like Bony ‘Body Tube’ in an Early Triassic Marine Reptile and the Onset of Marine Tetrapod Predation</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Xiao Hong" sort="Chen, Xiao Hong" uniqKey="Chen X" first="Xiao-Hong" last="Chen">Xiao-Hong Chen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Motani, Ryosuke" sort="Motani, Ryosuke" uniqKey="Motani R" first="Ryosuke" last="Motani">Ryosuke Motani</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Cheng, Long" sort="Cheng, Long" uniqKey="Cheng L" first="Long" last="Cheng">Long Cheng</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Rieppel, Olivier" sort="Rieppel, Olivier" uniqKey="Rieppel O" first="Olivier" last="Rieppel">Olivier Rieppel</name>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Parahupehsuchus longus</italic>
is a new species of marine reptile from the Lower Triassic of Yuan’an County, Hubei Province, China. It is unique among vertebrates for having a body wall that is completely surrounded by a bony tube, about 50 cm long and 6.5 cm deep, comprising overlapping ribs and gastralia. This tube and bony ossicles on the back are best interpreted as anti-predatory features, suggesting that there was predation pressure upon marine tetrapods in the Early Triassic. There is at least one sauropterygian that is sufficiently large to feed on <italic>Parahupehsuchus</italic>
in the Nanzhang-Yuan’an fauna, together with six more species of potential prey marine reptiles with various degrees of body protection. Modern predators of marine tetrapods belong to the highest trophic levels in the marine ecosystem but such predators did not always exist through geologic time. The indication of marine-tetrapod feeding in the Nanzhang-Yuan’an fauna suggests that such a trophic level emerged for the first time in the Early Triassic. The recovery from the end-Permian extinction probably proceeded faster than traditionally thought for marine predators. <italic>Parahupehsuchus</italic>
has superficially turtle-like features, namely expanded ribs without intercostal space, very short transverse processes, and a dorsal outgrowth from the neural spine. However, these features are structurally different from their turtle counterparts. Phylogeny suggests that they are convergent with the condition in turtles, which has a fundamentally different body plan that involves the folding of the body wall. Expanded ribs without intercostal space evolved at least twice and probably even more among reptiles.</p>
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