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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Functional Neuroanatomy of the Basal Ganglia</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lanciego, Jose L" sort="Lanciego, Jose L" uniqKey="Lanciego J" first="José L." last="Lanciego">José L. Lanciego</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luquin, Natasha" sort="Luquin, Natasha" uniqKey="Luquin N" first="Natasha" last="Luquin">Natasha Luquin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Obeso, Jose A" sort="Obeso, Jose A" uniqKey="Obeso J" first="José A." last="Obeso">José A. Obeso</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">23071379</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3543080</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3543080</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3543080</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1101/cshperspect.a009621</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Functional Neuroanatomy of the Basal Ganglia</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lanciego, Jose L" sort="Lanciego, Jose L" uniqKey="Lanciego J" first="José L." last="Lanciego">José L. Lanciego</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luquin, Natasha" sort="Luquin, Natasha" uniqKey="Luquin N" first="Natasha" last="Luquin">Natasha Luquin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Obeso, Jose A" sort="Obeso, Jose A" uniqKey="Obeso J" first="José A." last="Obeso">José A. Obeso</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2157-1422</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The “basal ganglia” refers to a group of subcortical nuclei responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions. Proposed more than two decades ago, the classical basal ganglia model shows how information flows through the basal ganglia back to the cortex through two pathways with opposing effects for the proper execution of movement. Although much of the model has remained, the model has been modified and amplified with the emergence of new data. Furthermore, parallel circuits subserve the other functions of the basal ganglia engaging associative and limbic territories. Disruption of the basal ganglia network forms the basis for several movement disorders. This article provides a comprehensive account of basal ganglia functional anatomy and chemistry and the major pathophysiological changes underlying disorders of movement. We try to answer three key questions related to the basal ganglia, as follows: What are the basal ganglia? What are they made of? How do they work? Some insight on the canonical basal ganglia model is provided, together with a selection of paradoxes and some views over the horizon in the field.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cshperspectmed</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">cshperspectmed</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2157-1422</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23071379</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3543080</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1101/cshperspect.a009621</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">a009621</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>071</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Perspectives</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Functional Neuroanatomy of the Basal Ganglia</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="left-running">J.L. Lanciego et al.</alt-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="right-running">Basal Ganglia Components and Circuits</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lanciego</surname>
<given-names>José L.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luquin</surname>
<given-names>Natasha</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Obeso</surname>
<given-names>José A.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Neuroscience, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA & CIBERNED), University of Navarra Medical College, Pamplona, Spain</aff>
<author-notes><corresp><italic>Correspondence:</italic>
<email>jobeso@unav.es</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<elocation-id>a009621</elocation-id>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="cshperspectmed-PKD-a009621.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>The “basal ganglia” refers to a group of subcortical nuclei responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviors, and emotions. Proposed more than two decades ago, the classical basal ganglia model shows how information flows through the basal ganglia back to the cortex through two pathways with opposing effects for the proper execution of movement. Although much of the model has remained, the model has been modified and amplified with the emergence of new data. Furthermore, parallel circuits subserve the other functions of the basal ganglia engaging associative and limbic territories. Disruption of the basal ganglia network forms the basis for several movement disorders. This article provides a comprehensive account of basal ganglia functional anatomy and chemistry and the major pathophysiological changes underlying disorders of movement. We try to answer three key questions related to the basal ganglia, as follows: What are the basal ganglia? What are they made of? How do they work? Some insight on the canonical basal ganglia model is provided, together with a selection of paradoxes and some views over the horizon in the field.</p>
</abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="precis"><p>The basal ganglia are responsible for motor control, and their proper functioning requires dopamine to be released at the input nuclei. Dopamine dysfunction is associated with several movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s).</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="20"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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