Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future.
Identifieur interne : 000898 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000897; suivant : 000899Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future.
Auteurs : Nathan Kapata ; Chikwe Ihekweazu ; Francine Ntoumi ; Tajudeen Raji ; Pascalina Chanda-Kapata ; Peter Mwaba ; Victor Mukonka ; Matthew Bates ; John Tembo ; Victor Corman ; Sayoki Mfinanga ; Danny Asogun ; Linzy Elton ; Liã Bárbara Arruda ; Margaret J. Thomason ; Leonard Mboera ; Alexei Yavlinsky ; Najmul Haider ; David Simons ; Lara Hollmann ; Swaib A. Lule ; Francisco Veas ; Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid ; Osman Dar ; Sarah Edwards ; Francesco Vairo ; Timothy D. Mchugh ; Christian Drosten ; Richard Kock ; Giuseppe Ippolito ; Alimuddin ZumlaSource :
- International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases [ 1878-3511 ] ; 2020.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.049
PubMed: 32119980
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pubmed:32119980Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kapata, Nathan" sort="Kapata, Nathan" uniqKey="Kapata N" first="Nathan" last="Kapata">Nathan Kapata</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Zambia National Public Health Institute, Minsitry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: nkapata@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ihekweazu, Chikwe" sort="Ihekweazu, Chikwe" uniqKey="Ihekweazu C" first="Chikwe" last="Ihekweazu">Chikwe Ihekweazu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria. Electronic address: chikwe.ihekweazu@ncdc.gov.ng.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ntoumi, Francine" sort="Ntoumi, Francine" uniqKey="Ntoumi F" first="Francine" last="Ntoumi">Francine Ntoumi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University Marien NGouabi, Brazzaville, Congo; Institute for Tropical Medicine/University of Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: fntoumi@fcrm-congo.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raji, Tajudeen" sort="Raji, Tajudeen" uniqKey="Raji T" first="Tajudeen" last="Raji">Tajudeen Raji</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: TajudeenR@africa-union.org.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chanda Kapata, Pascalina" sort="Chanda Kapata, Pascalina" uniqKey="Chanda Kapata P" first="Pascalina" last="Chanda-Kapata">Pascalina Chanda-Kapata</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: pascykapata@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mwaba, Peter" sort="Mwaba, Peter" uniqKey="Mwaba P" first="Peter" last="Mwaba">Peter Mwaba</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: pbmwaba2000@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mukonka, Victor" sort="Mukonka, Victor" uniqKey="Mukonka V" first="Victor" last="Mukonka">Victor Mukonka</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: vmukonka@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bates, Matthew" sort="Bates, Matthew" uniqKey="Bates M" first="Matthew" last="Bates">Matthew Bates</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mbates@lincoln.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tembo, John" sort="Tembo, John" uniqKey="Tembo J" first="John" last="Tembo">John Tembo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>HerpeZ and UNZA-UCLMS Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: john.tembo@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corman, Victor" sort="Corman, Victor" uniqKey="Corman V" first="Victor" last="Corman">Victor Corman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: victor.corman@charite.de.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mfinanga, Sayoki" sort="Mfinanga, Sayoki" uniqKey="Mfinanga S" first="Sayoki" last="Mfinanga">Sayoki Mfinanga</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Electronic address: gsmfinanga@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Asogun, Danny" sort="Asogun, Danny" uniqKey="Asogun D" first="Danny" last="Asogun">Danny Asogun</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria. Electronic address: asogun2001@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elton, Linzy" sort="Elton, Linzy" uniqKey="Elton L" first="Linzy" last="Elton">Linzy Elton</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: linzy.elton@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arruda, Lia Barbara" sort="Arruda, Lia Barbara" uniqKey="Arruda L" first="Liã Bárbara" last="Arruda">Liã Bárbara Arruda</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: l.arruda@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomason, Margaret J" sort="Thomason, Margaret J" uniqKey="Thomason M" first="Margaret J" last="Thomason">Margaret J. Thomason</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.thomason@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mboera, Leonard" sort="Mboera, Leonard" uniqKey="Mboera L" first="Leonard" last="Mboera">Leonard Mboera</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Electronic address: leonard.mboera@sacids.org.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yavlinsky, Alexei" sort="Yavlinsky, Alexei" uniqKey="Yavlinsky A" first="Alexei" last="Yavlinsky">Alexei Yavlinsky</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Informatics, Faculty of Pop Health Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.yavlinsky@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haider, Najmul" sort="Haider, Najmul" uniqKey="Haider N" first="Najmul" last="Haider">Najmul Haider</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Electronic address: nhaider@rvc.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simons, David" sort="Simons, David" uniqKey="Simons D" first="David" last="Simons">David Simons</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Electronic address: dsimons19@rvc.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hollmann, Lara" sort="Hollmann, Lara" uniqKey="Hollmann L" first="Lara" last="Hollmann">Lara Hollmann</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: LHollmann@chathamhouse.org.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lule, Swaib A" sort="Lule, Swaib A" uniqKey="Lule S" first="Swaib A" last="Lule">Swaib A. Lule</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: swaiblule@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Veas, Francisco" sort="Veas, Francisco" uniqKey="Veas F" first="Francisco" last="Veas">Francisco Veas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier University, IRD UMR5569, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: francisco.veas@ird.fr.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdel Hamid, Muzamil Mahdi" sort="Abdel Hamid, Muzamil Mahdi" uniqKey="Abdel Hamid M" first="Muzamil Mahdi" last="Abdel Hamid">Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Electronic address: mahdi@iend.org.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dar, Osman" sort="Dar, Osman" uniqKey="Dar O" first="Osman" last="Dar">Osman Dar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Osman.Dar@phe.gov.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edwards, Sarah" sort="Edwards, Sarah" uniqKey="Edwards S" first="Sarah" last="Edwards">Sarah Edwards</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ethics and Governance, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: sarah.edwards@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vairo, Francesco" sort="Vairo, Francesco" uniqKey="Vairo F" first="Francesco" last="Vairo">Francesco Vairo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: francesco.vairo@inmi.it.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mchugh, Timothy D" sort="Mchugh, Timothy D" uniqKey="Mchugh T" first="Timothy D" last="Mchugh">Timothy D. Mchugh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: t.mchugh@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: christian.drosten@charite.de.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kock, Richard" sort="Kock, Richard" uniqKey="Kock R" first="Richard" last="Kock">Richard Kock</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Electronic address: rkock@rvc.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ippolito, Giuseppe" sort="Ippolito, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Ippolito G" first="Giuseppe" last="Ippolito">Giuseppe Ippolito</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Infectious Diseases - Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.ippolito@inmi.it.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.zumla@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kapata, Nathan" sort="Kapata, Nathan" uniqKey="Kapata N" first="Nathan" last="Kapata">Nathan Kapata</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Zambia National Public Health Institute, Minsitry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: nkapata@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ihekweazu, Chikwe" sort="Ihekweazu, Chikwe" uniqKey="Ihekweazu C" first="Chikwe" last="Ihekweazu">Chikwe Ihekweazu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria. Electronic address: chikwe.ihekweazu@ncdc.gov.ng.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ntoumi, Francine" sort="Ntoumi, Francine" uniqKey="Ntoumi F" first="Francine" last="Ntoumi">Francine Ntoumi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University Marien NGouabi, Brazzaville, Congo; Institute for Tropical Medicine/University of Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: fntoumi@fcrm-congo.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raji, Tajudeen" sort="Raji, Tajudeen" uniqKey="Raji T" first="Tajudeen" last="Raji">Tajudeen Raji</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: TajudeenR@africa-union.org.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chanda Kapata, Pascalina" sort="Chanda Kapata, Pascalina" uniqKey="Chanda Kapata P" first="Pascalina" last="Chanda-Kapata">Pascalina Chanda-Kapata</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: pascykapata@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mwaba, Peter" sort="Mwaba, Peter" uniqKey="Mwaba P" first="Peter" last="Mwaba">Peter Mwaba</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: pbmwaba2000@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mukonka, Victor" sort="Mukonka, Victor" uniqKey="Mukonka V" first="Victor" last="Mukonka">Victor Mukonka</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: vmukonka@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bates, Matthew" sort="Bates, Matthew" uniqKey="Bates M" first="Matthew" last="Bates">Matthew Bates</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mbates@lincoln.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tembo, John" sort="Tembo, John" uniqKey="Tembo J" first="John" last="Tembo">John Tembo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>HerpeZ and UNZA-UCLMS Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: john.tembo@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corman, Victor" sort="Corman, Victor" uniqKey="Corman V" first="Victor" last="Corman">Victor Corman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: victor.corman@charite.de.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mfinanga, Sayoki" sort="Mfinanga, Sayoki" uniqKey="Mfinanga S" first="Sayoki" last="Mfinanga">Sayoki Mfinanga</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Institute of Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Electronic address: gsmfinanga@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Asogun, Danny" sort="Asogun, Danny" uniqKey="Asogun D" first="Danny" last="Asogun">Danny Asogun</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria. Electronic address: asogun2001@yahoo.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elton, Linzy" sort="Elton, Linzy" uniqKey="Elton L" first="Linzy" last="Elton">Linzy Elton</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: linzy.elton@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arruda, Lia Barbara" sort="Arruda, Lia Barbara" uniqKey="Arruda L" first="Liã Bárbara" last="Arruda">Liã Bárbara Arruda</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: l.arruda@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomason, Margaret J" sort="Thomason, Margaret J" uniqKey="Thomason M" first="Margaret J" last="Thomason">Margaret J. Thomason</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.thomason@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mboera, Leonard" sort="Mboera, Leonard" uniqKey="Mboera L" first="Leonard" last="Mboera">Leonard Mboera</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Electronic address: leonard.mboera@sacids.org.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yavlinsky, Alexei" sort="Yavlinsky, Alexei" uniqKey="Yavlinsky A" first="Alexei" last="Yavlinsky">Alexei Yavlinsky</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Informatics, Faculty of Pop Health Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.yavlinsky@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haider, Najmul" sort="Haider, Najmul" uniqKey="Haider N" first="Najmul" last="Haider">Najmul Haider</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Electronic address: nhaider@rvc.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simons, David" sort="Simons, David" uniqKey="Simons D" first="David" last="Simons">David Simons</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Electronic address: dsimons19@rvc.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hollmann, Lara" sort="Hollmann, Lara" uniqKey="Hollmann L" first="Lara" last="Hollmann">Lara Hollmann</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: LHollmann@chathamhouse.org.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lule, Swaib A" sort="Lule, Swaib A" uniqKey="Lule S" first="Swaib A" last="Lule">Swaib A. Lule</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: swaiblule@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Veas, Francisco" sort="Veas, Francisco" uniqKey="Veas F" first="Francisco" last="Veas">Francisco Veas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier University, IRD UMR5569, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: francisco.veas@ird.fr.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdel Hamid, Muzamil Mahdi" sort="Abdel Hamid, Muzamil Mahdi" uniqKey="Abdel Hamid M" first="Muzamil Mahdi" last="Abdel Hamid">Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Dept of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Electronic address: mahdi@iend.org.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dar, Osman" sort="Dar, Osman" uniqKey="Dar O" first="Osman" last="Dar">Osman Dar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Osman.Dar@phe.gov.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Edwards, Sarah" sort="Edwards, Sarah" uniqKey="Edwards S" first="Sarah" last="Edwards">Sarah Edwards</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ethics and Governance, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: sarah.edwards@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vairo, Francesco" sort="Vairo, Francesco" uniqKey="Vairo F" first="Francesco" last="Vairo">Francesco Vairo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: francesco.vairo@inmi.it.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mchugh, Timothy D" sort="Mchugh, Timothy D" uniqKey="Mchugh T" first="Timothy D" last="Mchugh">Timothy D. Mchugh</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: t.mchugh@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: christian.drosten@charite.de.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kock, Richard" sort="Kock, Richard" uniqKey="Kock R" first="Richard" last="Kock">Richard Kock</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Electronic address: rkock@rvc.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ippolito, Giuseppe" sort="Ippolito, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Ippolito G" first="Giuseppe" last="Ippolito">Giuseppe Ippolito</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Institute for Infectious Diseases - Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.ippolito@inmi.it.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.zumla@ucl.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<series><title level="j">International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1878-3511</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date>
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<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1878-3511</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>93</Volume>
<PubDate><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>Feb</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Int. J. Infect. Dis.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>233-236</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1201-9712(20)30107-7</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.049</ELocationID>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kapata</LastName>
<ForeName>Nathan</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Zambia National Public Health Institute, Minsitry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: nkapata@gmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ihekweazu</LastName>
<ForeName>Chikwe</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria. Electronic address: chikwe.ihekweazu@ncdc.gov.ng.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ntoumi</LastName>
<ForeName>Francine</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University Marien NGouabi, Brazzaville, Congo; Institute for Tropical Medicine/University of Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: fntoumi@fcrm-congo.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raji</LastName>
<ForeName>Tajudeen</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: TajudeenR@africa-union.org.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chanda-Kapata</LastName>
<ForeName>Pascalina</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: pascykapata@gmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mwaba</LastName>
<ForeName>Peter</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: pbmwaba2000@gmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mukonka</LastName>
<ForeName>Victor</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: vmukonka@gmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bates</LastName>
<ForeName>Matthew</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom. Electronic address: mbates@lincoln.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tembo</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>HerpeZ and UNZA-UCLMS Project, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. Electronic address: john.tembo@gmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Corman</LastName>
<ForeName>Victor</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: victor.corman@charite.de.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mfinanga</LastName>
<ForeName>Sayoki</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Institute of Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Electronic address: gsmfinanga@yahoo.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Asogun</LastName>
<ForeName>Danny</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria. Electronic address: asogun2001@yahoo.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elton</LastName>
<ForeName>Linzy</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: linzy.elton@ucl.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arruda</LastName>
<ForeName>Liã Bárbara</ForeName>
<Initials>LB</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: l.arruda@ucl.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thomason</LastName>
<ForeName>Margaret J</ForeName>
<Initials>MJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: m.thomason@ucl.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mboera</LastName>
<ForeName>Leonard</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Electronic address: leonard.mboera@sacids.org.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yavlinsky</LastName>
<ForeName>Alexei</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Health Informatics, Faculty of Pop Health Sciences, UCL, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.yavlinsky@ucl.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Haider</LastName>
<ForeName>Najmul</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Electronic address: nhaider@rvc.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Simons</LastName>
<ForeName>David</ForeName>
<Initials>D</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Electronic address: dsimons19@rvc.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hollmann</LastName>
<ForeName>Lara</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: LHollmann@chathamhouse.org.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lule</LastName>
<ForeName>Swaib A</ForeName>
<Initials>SA</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: swaiblule@gmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Veas</LastName>
<ForeName>Francisco</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier University, IRD UMR5569, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: francisco.veas@ird.fr.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abdel Hamid</LastName>
<ForeName>Muzamil Mahdi</ForeName>
<Initials>MM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dept of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Electronic address: mahdi@iend.org.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dar</LastName>
<ForeName>Osman</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Osman.Dar@phe.gov.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Edwards</LastName>
<ForeName>Sarah</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ethics and Governance, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: sarah.edwards@ucl.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vairo</LastName>
<ForeName>Francesco</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: francesco.vairo@inmi.it.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McHugh</LastName>
<ForeName>Timothy D</ForeName>
<Initials>TD</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: t.mchugh@ucl.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drosten</LastName>
<ForeName>Christian</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany. Electronic address: christian.drosten@charite.de.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kock</LastName>
<ForeName>Richard</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. Electronic address: rkock@rvc.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ippolito</LastName>
<ForeName>Giuseppe</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Institute for Infectious Diseases - Lazzaro Spallanzani - IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.ippolito@inmi.it.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zumla</LastName>
<ForeName>Alimuddin</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.zumla@ucl.ac.uk.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016421">Editorial</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>28</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Canada</Country>
<MedlineTA>Int J Infect Dis</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>9610933</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1201-9712</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>19</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>3</Month>
<Day>3</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>3</Month>
<Day>3</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>3</Month>
<Day>3</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32119980</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">S1201-9712(20)30107-7</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.049</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</PubmedData>
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