Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China.
Identifieur interne : 000796 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000795; suivant : 000797Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China.
Auteurs : Zhong Sun ; Karuppiah Thilakavathy ; S Suresh Kumar ; Guozhong He ; Shi V. LiuSource :
- International journal of environmental research and public health [ 1660-4601 ] ; 2020.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, China (epidemiology), Chiroptera, Coronavirus, Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (transmission), Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (physiology), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Pneumonia, Viral (transmission), SARS Virus (pathogenicity), Seasons, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (epidemiology), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (transmission), Social Conditions, Travel, Zoonoses.
- MESH :
- chemical , physiology : Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A.
- geographic , epidemiology : China.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- pathogenicity : SARS Virus.
- transmission : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
- Animals, Chiroptera, Coronavirus, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Seasons, Social Conditions, Travel, Zoonoses.
Abstract
Within last 17 years two widespread epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in China, which were caused by related coronaviruses (CoVs): SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Although the origin(s) of these viruses are still unknown and their occurrences in nature are mysterious, some general patterns of their pathogenesis and epidemics are noticeable. Both viruses utilize the same receptor-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-for invading human bodies. Both epidemics occurred in cold dry winter seasons celebrated with major holidays, and started in regions where dietary consumption of wildlife is a fashion. Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. The widespread existence of these bat-carried or -released viruses might have an easier time in breaking through human defenses when harsh winter makes human bodies more vulnerable. Once succeeding in making some initial human infections, spreading of the disease was made convenient with increased social gathering and holiday travel. These natural and social factors influenced the general progression and trajectory of the SARS epidemiology. However, some unique factors might also contribute to the origination of SARS in Wuhan. These factors are discussed in different scenarios in order to promote more research for achieving final validation.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051633
PubMed: 32138266
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pubmed:32138266Le document en format XML
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Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Eagle Institute of Molecular Medicine, Apex, NC 27523, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32138266</idno><idno type="pmid">32138266</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/ijerph17051633</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000796</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000796</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China.</title><author><name sortKey="Sun, Zhong" sort="Sun, Zhong" uniqKey="Sun Z" first="Zhong" last="Sun">Zhong Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thilakavathy, Karuppiah" sort="Thilakavathy, Karuppiah" uniqKey="Thilakavathy K" first="Karuppiah" last="Thilakavathy">Karuppiah Thilakavathy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, S Suresh" sort="Kumar, S Suresh" uniqKey="Kumar S" first="S Suresh" last="Kumar">S Suresh Kumar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Guozhong" sort="He, Guozhong" uniqKey="He G" first="Guozhong" last="He">Guozhong He</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Shi V" sort="Liu, Shi V" uniqKey="Liu S" first="Shi V" last="Liu">Shi V. Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Eagle Institute of Molecular Medicine, Apex, NC 27523, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International journal of environmental research and public health</title><idno type="eISSN">1660-4601</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>China (epidemiology)</term><term>Chiroptera</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (transmission)</term><term>Disease Outbreaks</term><term>Humans</term><term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (physiology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (transmission)</term><term>SARS Virus (pathogenicity)</term><term>Seasons</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (epidemiology)</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (transmission)</term><term>Social Conditions</term><term>Travel</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>China</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>SARS Virus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term><term>Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Chiroptera</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Disease Outbreaks</term><term>Humans</term><term>Seasons</term><term>Social Conditions</term><term>Travel</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Within last 17 years two widespread epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in China, which were caused by related coronaviruses (CoVs): SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Although the origin(s) of these viruses are still unknown and their occurrences in nature are mysterious, some general patterns of their pathogenesis and epidemics are noticeable. Both viruses utilize the same receptor-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-for invading human bodies. Both epidemics occurred in cold dry winter seasons celebrated with major holidays, and started in regions where dietary consumption of wildlife is a fashion. Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. The widespread existence of these bat-carried or -released viruses might have an easier time in breaking through human defenses when harsh winter makes human bodies more vulnerable. Once succeeding in making some initial human infections, spreading of the disease was made convenient with increased social gathering and holiday travel. These natural and social factors influenced the general progression and trajectory of the SARS epidemiology. However, some unique factors might also contribute to the origination of SARS in Wuhan. These factors are discussed in different scenarios in order to promote more research for achieving final validation.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32138266</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>18</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>25</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1660-4601</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>17</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>03</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>International journal of environmental research and public health</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int J Environ Res Public Health</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">E1633</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/ijerph17051633</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Within last 17 years two widespread epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in China, which were caused by related coronaviruses (CoVs): SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Although the origin(s) of these viruses are still unknown and their occurrences in nature are mysterious, some general patterns of their pathogenesis and epidemics are noticeable. Both viruses utilize the same receptor-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-for invading human bodies. Both epidemics occurred in cold dry winter seasons celebrated with major holidays, and started in regions where dietary consumption of wildlife is a fashion. Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. The widespread existence of these bat-carried or -released viruses might have an easier time in breaking through human defenses when harsh winter makes human bodies more vulnerable. Once succeeding in making some initial human infections, spreading of the disease was made convenient with increased social gathering and holiday travel. These natural and social factors influenced the general progression and trajectory of the SARS epidemiology. However, some unique factors might also contribute to the origination of SARS in Wuhan. 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