Creosote bush lignans for human disease treatment and prevention: Perspectives on combination therapy
Identifieur interne : 000B12 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000B11; suivant : 000B13Creosote bush lignans for human disease treatment and prevention: Perspectives on combination therapy
Auteurs : John Gnabre [États-Unis] ; Robert Bates [États-Unis] ; Ru Chih Huang [États-Unis]Source :
- Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine [ 2225-4110 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The medicinal properties of the most successful plant in the deserts of the western hemisphere, the creosote bush (
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.024
PubMed: 26151022
PubMed Central: 4488564
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Creosote bush lignans for human disease treatment and prevention: Perspectives on combination therapy</title><author><name sortKey="Gnabre, John" sort="Gnabre, John" uniqKey="Gnabre J" first="John" last="Gnabre">John Gnabre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Mal-4 Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mal-4 Research Institute, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bates, Robert" sort="Bates, Robert" uniqKey="Bates R" first="Robert" last="Bates">Robert Bates</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Ru Chih" sort="Huang, Ru Chih" uniqKey="Huang R" first="Ru Chih" last="Huang">Ru Chih Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26151022</idno><idno type="pmc">4488564</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488564</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4488564</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.024</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000B12</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000B12</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000B12</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000B12</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Creosote bush lignans for human disease treatment and prevention: Perspectives on combination therapy</title><author><name sortKey="Gnabre, John" sort="Gnabre, John" uniqKey="Gnabre J" first="John" last="Gnabre">John Gnabre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Mal-4 Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mal-4 Research Institute, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bates, Robert" sort="Bates, Robert" uniqKey="Bates R" first="Robert" last="Bates">Robert Bates</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Ru Chih" sort="Huang, Ru Chih" uniqKey="Huang R" first="Ru Chih" last="Huang">Ru Chih Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine</title><idno type="eISSN">2225-4110</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The medicinal properties of the most successful plant in the deserts of the western hemisphere, the creosote bush (<italic>Larrea tridentata</italic>), are evidenced by the long traditional usage of the plants by the Native Americans Indian tribes in Southwestern North America and the Amerindians from South America. The plant is rich in simple bisphenyl lignans and tricyclic lignans known as cyclolignans. These compounds are responsible for many of the pharmacological activities of extracts of the plants. Some of these activities, namely antiherpes, antioxidant, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory, were known a century ago. Only recently have further studies revealed other crucial activities of the same plant molecules as powerful agents against human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and symptoms of aging. Molecular mechanisms underlying the antiviral and anticancer activities have been elucidated and involve the inhibition of SP1 dependent gene transcription. This review summarizes the recent findings on creosote bush lignans. We introduce the concept of a cocktail of safe well-characterized natural products from the creosote bush that would represent a bridge between oriental herbal medicines and Western drug-based therapies.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mahady, G B" uniqKey="Mahady G">G.B. Mahady</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xu, H" uniqKey="Xu H">H. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lv, M" uniqKey="Lv M">M. Lv</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tian, X" uniqKey="Tian X">X. Tian</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ionkova, I" uniqKey="Ionkova I">I. Ionkova</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Panossian, A" uniqKey="Panossian A">A. Panossian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wikman, G" uniqKey="Wikman G">G. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Tradit Complement Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Tradit Complement Med</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2225-4110</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26151022</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4488564</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S2225-4110(14)00038-8</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.11.024</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Creosote bush lignans for human disease treatment and prevention: Perspectives on combination therapy</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gnabre</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bates</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Ru Chih</given-names></name><email>rhuang@jhu.edu</email><xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">c</xref><xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">∗</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>Mal-4 Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>c</label>Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Mudd Hall, Baltimore, MD, USA</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>Corresponding author. Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. <email>rhuang@jhu.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>12</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>7</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>2</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University. Production and hosting by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University</copyright-holder><license license-type="CC BY-NC-ND" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The medicinal properties of the most successful plant in the deserts of the western hemisphere, the creosote bush (<italic>Larrea tridentata</italic>), are evidenced by the long traditional usage of the plants by the Native Americans Indian tribes in Southwestern North America and the Amerindians from South America. The plant is rich in simple bisphenyl lignans and tricyclic lignans known as cyclolignans. These compounds are responsible for many of the pharmacological activities of extracts of the plants. Some of these activities, namely antiherpes, antioxidant, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory, were known a century ago. Only recently have further studies revealed other crucial activities of the same plant molecules as powerful agents against human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and symptoms of aging. Molecular mechanisms underlying the antiviral and anticancer activities have been elucidated and involve the inhibition of SP1 dependent gene transcription. This review summarizes the recent findings on creosote bush lignans. We introduce the concept of a cocktail of safe well-characterized natural products from the creosote bush that would represent a bridge between oriental herbal medicines and Western drug-based therapies.</p></abstract><abstract abstract-type="graphical"><title>Graphical abstract</title><fig id="undfig1" position="anchor"><graphic xlink:href="fx1"></graphic></fig></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>creosote bush</kwd><kwd>lignans</kwd><kwd>nordihydroguaiaretic acid</kwd><kwd>viruses</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Major classes of lignans with prototype molecules. The dibenzylbutanes or linear lignans and the cyclolignans are found in most species of <italic>Larrea</italic> including the creosote bush.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="gr1"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2"><label>Fig. 2</label><caption><p>Three classes of compounds isolated from the creosote bush and contained in the proprietary Maximum Extract 1 (Me-1) formulation: dibenzylbutanes (linear lignans), cyclolignans, and flavonoids. Within these three groups, the compounds vary mostly in the number and positions of hydroxyl and methoxyl groups. The extract also contains smaller amounts of saponins, sterols, tannins, and other compounds<xref rid="bib9" ref-type="bibr"><sup>9</sup></xref>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="gr2"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3"><label>Fig. 3</label><caption><p>Important methylated lignans from creosote bush of medical relevance: Antiviral 3′-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid (Mal-4) and anticancer tetra-O-methylnordihydroquaiaretic acid (M4N). Other lignans isolated from the creosote bush also possess antiviral and anticancer activities.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="gr3"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4"><label>Fig. 4</label><caption><p>(A) Flash chromatography of creosote bush total extract to remove the bulk of volatile compounds (dark band eluting with solvent front), which is mainly responsible for the plant toxicity (personal communication). (B) Countercurrent chromatographic (CCC) purification of active components of the detoxified extract. A chromatographic fingerprint of the semipurified extract was first established. Active peaks were pooled into two majors fractions (Gr and Lo) based on their TLC patterns, and further resolved by CCC. The isolation studies are published elsewhere.<xref rid="bib15" ref-type="bibr"><sup>15</sup></xref> All compounds were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. As shown on <xref rid="fig2" ref-type="fig">Fig. 2</xref>, Me-1 formulation contains cyclolignans, several flavonoids and all linear lignans without NDGA, the cyclolignans, and several flavonoids, as shown on <xref rid="fig2" ref-type="fig">Fig. 2 (C)</xref> Blue capsules. Me-1 extract was formulated into blue capsules by a proprietary pharmaceutical capsule formulation after animal studies for safety (<xref rid="tbl1" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>). This final product encompasses all compounds of <xref rid="fig2" ref-type="fig">Fig. 2</xref>, including inactive ingredients of capsule formulation. The blue capsules demonstrated greater efficacy than any individual lignan when tested on humans as a dietary supplement.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="gr4"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tbl1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Toxicity testing of the Maximum Extract 1 (Me-1) formulation on animals. The purified Me-1 was formulated to be included in the animal feed and submitted to a month-long acute toxicity studies on rats (about 300 g females). The animals were divided into four groups of four animals/cage. The rats in the first cage received no drug in their feed (placebo). Rats in the second cage were given a dose of Me-1 five times (× 5) the equivalent of the human dose (200 mg for a 70 kg person). Rats in the remaining two cages received 15 times (× 15) and 50 times (× 50) the equivalent of the human dose, respectively. All the animals were fed for 28 days with Me-1 product under identical conditions as the placebo group. At the end of the study, the animals were sacrificed and all blood parameters, liver enzymes, and histology of the major organs were analyzed by state-of-the-art methods. There was no statistically significant difference between the drug-treated groups and the placebo, neither was any significant difference found among the drug-treated groups. Me-1 was then formulated into blue capsules using a proprietary pharmaceutical method of capsule formulation.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Drug</th><th>Dose (in feed daily for 1 mo)</th><th>Toxicity (compared to placebo)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Placebo (No Me-1)</td><td>0 mg</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Me-1 (× 5)</td><td>4.3 mg</td><td>No significant difference</td></tr><tr><td>Me-1 (× 15)</td><td>12.9 mg</td><td>No significant difference</td></tr><tr><td>Me-1 (× 50)</td><td>42.9</td><td>No significant difference</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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