Reservoir Host Immune Responses to Emerging Zoonotic Viruses
Identifieur interne : 000755 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000754; suivant : 000756Reservoir Host Immune Responses to Emerging Zoonotic Viruses
Auteurs : Judith N. Mandl [États-Unis] ; Rafi Ahmed [États-Unis] ; Luis B. Barreiro [Canada] ; Peter Daszak [États-Unis] ; Jonathan H. Epstein [États-Unis] ; Herbert W. Virgin [États-Unis] ; Mark B. Feinberg [États-Unis]Source :
- Cell [ 0092-8674 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Zoonotic viruses, such as HIV, Ebola virus, coronaviruses, influenza A viruses, hantaviruses, or henipaviruses, can result in profound pathology in humans. In contrast, populations of the reservoir hosts of zoonotic pathogens often appear to tolerate these infections with little evidence of disease. Why are viruses more dangerous in one species than another? Immunological studies investigating quantitative and qualitative differences in the host-virus equilibrium in animal reservoirs will be key to answering this question, informing new approaches for treating and preventing zoonotic diseases. Integrating an understanding of host immune responses with epidemiological, ecological, and evolutionary insights into viral emergence will shed light on mechanisms that minimize fitness costs associated with viral infection, facilitate transmission to other hosts, and underlie the association of specific reservoir hosts with multiple emerging viruses. Reservoir host studies provide a rich opportunity for elucidating fundamental immunological processes and their underlying genetic basis, in the context of distinct physiological and metabolic constraints that contribute to host resistance and disease tolerance.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.003
PubMed: 25533784
PubMed Central: 4390999
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Zoonotic viruses, such as HIV, Ebola virus, coronaviruses, influenza A viruses, hantaviruses, or henipaviruses, can result in profound pathology in humans. In contrast, populations of the reservoir hosts of zoonotic pathogens often appear to tolerate these infections with little evidence of disease. Why are viruses more dangerous in one species than another? Immunological studies investigating quantitative and qualitative differences in the host-virus equilibrium in animal reservoirs will be key to answering this question, informing new approaches for treating and preventing zoonotic diseases. Integrating an understanding of host immune responses with epidemiological, ecological, and evolutionary insights into viral emergence will shed light on mechanisms that minimize fitness costs associated with viral infection, facilitate transmission to other hosts, and underlie the association of specific reservoir hosts with multiple emerging viruses. Reservoir host studies provide a rich opportunity for elucidating fundamental immunological processes and their underlying genetic basis, in the context of distinct physiological and metabolic constraints that contribute to host resistance and disease tolerance.</p>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0413066</journal-id>
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<title-group><article-title>Reservoir Host Immune Responses to Emerging Zoonotic Viruses</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mandl</surname>
<given-names>Judith N.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">7</xref>
<xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahmed</surname>
<given-names>Rafi</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barreiro</surname>
<given-names>Luis B.</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Epstein</surname>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Virgin</surname>
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<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY 10001, USA</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</aff>
<aff id="A6"><label>6</label>
Merck Vaccines, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="FN1"><label>*</label>
Correspondence: <email>mandlj@niaid.nih.gov</email>
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<fn id="FN2" fn-type="present-address"><label>7</label>
<p>Present address: Department of Physiology and Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada</p>
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<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>13</day>
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<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Elsevier Inc.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
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<abstract><p id="P1">Zoonotic viruses, such as HIV, Ebola virus, coronaviruses, influenza A viruses, hantaviruses, or henipaviruses, can result in profound pathology in humans. In contrast, populations of the reservoir hosts of zoonotic pathogens often appear to tolerate these infections with little evidence of disease. Why are viruses more dangerous in one species than another? Immunological studies investigating quantitative and qualitative differences in the host-virus equilibrium in animal reservoirs will be key to answering this question, informing new approaches for treating and preventing zoonotic diseases. Integrating an understanding of host immune responses with epidemiological, ecological, and evolutionary insights into viral emergence will shed light on mechanisms that minimize fitness costs associated with viral infection, facilitate transmission to other hosts, and underlie the association of specific reservoir hosts with multiple emerging viruses. Reservoir host studies provide a rich opportunity for elucidating fundamental immunological processes and their underlying genetic basis, in the context of distinct physiological and metabolic constraints that contribute to host resistance and disease tolerance.</p>
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