Comparison of the Replication of Influenza A Viruses in Chinese Ring-Necked Pheasants and Chukar Partridges
Identifieur interne : 000472 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000471; suivant : 000473Comparison of the Replication of Influenza A Viruses in Chinese Ring-Necked Pheasants and Chukar Partridges
Auteurs : Jennifer Humberd ; Yi Guan ; Robert G. WebsterSource :
- Journal of Virology [ 0022-538X ] ; 2006.
Abstract
We investigated the replication and transmission of avian influenza A viruses in two species thought to be intermediate hosts in the spread of influenza A viruses in live poultry markets: Chinese ring-necked pheasants and chukar partridges. All 15 hemagglutinin subtypes replicated in pheasants, and most subtypes transmitted to naïve contact pheasants, primarily via the fecal-oral route. Many viruses were shed from the gastrointestinal tract of experimentally inoculated pheasants for 14 days or longer. Virus was isolated from the cloacal swabs of one contact pheasant for an unprecedented 45 days. Chukar partridges were less susceptible to infection with avian influenza viruses. The viruses that replicated in chukar partridges were isolated for 7 days after experimental inoculation, predominantly from the respiratory tract. We detected high neutralizing antibody titers with correspondingly low levels of serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers in pheasants and chukar partridges when chicken red blood cells were used in serological analyses. When horse erythrocytes were used, antibody titers were comparable to those obtained by using the neutralization assay. More importantly, the results suggested that pheasants can serve as a reservoir of influenza virus. Because of their continuous asymptomatic infection and longer stay in the markets, pheasants are ideal “carriers” of influenza A viruses. Their continued presence in live markets contributes to the perpetuation and genetic interaction of influenza viruses there. On the basis of our findings, it does not make good sense to ban quail but not pheasants from the live markets.
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DOI: 10.1128/JVI.80.5.2151-2161.2006
PubMed: 16474123
PubMed Central: 1395373
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>We investigated the replication and transmission of avian influenza A viruses in two species thought to be intermediate hosts in the spread of influenza A viruses in live poultry markets: Chinese ring-necked pheasants and chukar partridges. All 15 hemagglutinin subtypes replicated in pheasants, and most subtypes transmitted to naïve contact pheasants, primarily via the fecal-oral route. Many viruses were shed from the gastrointestinal tract of experimentally inoculated pheasants for 14 days or longer. Virus was isolated from the cloacal swabs of one contact pheasant for an unprecedented 45 days. Chukar partridges were less susceptible to infection with avian influenza viruses. The viruses that replicated in chukar partridges were isolated for 7 days after experimental inoculation, predominantly from the respiratory tract. We detected high neutralizing antibody titers with correspondingly low levels of serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers in pheasants and chukar partridges when chicken red blood cells were used in serological analyses. When horse erythrocytes were used, antibody titers were comparable to those obtained by using the neutralization assay. More importantly, the results suggested that pheasants can serve as a reservoir of influenza virus. Because of their continuous asymptomatic infection and longer stay in the markets, pheasants are ideal “carriers” of influenza A viruses. Their continued presence in live markets contributes to the perpetuation and genetic interaction of influenza viruses there. On the basis of our findings, it does not make good sense to ban quail but not pheasants from the live markets.</p>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Virol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jvi</journal-id>
<journal-title>Journal of Virology</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0022-538X</issn>
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<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/JVI.80.5.2151-2161.2006</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Pathogenesis and Immunity</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>Comparison of the Replication of Influenza A Viruses in Chinese Ring-Necked Pheasants and Chukar Partridges</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Humberd</surname>
<given-names>Jennifer</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guan</surname>
<given-names>Yi</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref>
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<aff id="aff1">Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee,<label>1</label>
Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Medicine, Building 21, Sasson Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China,<label>2</label>
Joint Influenza Research Center (SUMC & HKU) Shantou Univeristy Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515031, People's Republic of China<label>3</label>
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<author-notes><fn id="cor1"><label>*</label>
<p>Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale Street, Memphis, TN 38105-2794. Phone: (901) 495-3400. Fax: (901) 523-2622. E-mail: <email>robert.webster@stjude.org</email>
.</p>
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<volume>80</volume>
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<lpage>2161</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>12</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2005</year>
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<date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2005</year>
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<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2006</copyright-year>
<abstract><p>We investigated the replication and transmission of avian influenza A viruses in two species thought to be intermediate hosts in the spread of influenza A viruses in live poultry markets: Chinese ring-necked pheasants and chukar partridges. All 15 hemagglutinin subtypes replicated in pheasants, and most subtypes transmitted to naïve contact pheasants, primarily via the fecal-oral route. Many viruses were shed from the gastrointestinal tract of experimentally inoculated pheasants for 14 days or longer. Virus was isolated from the cloacal swabs of one contact pheasant for an unprecedented 45 days. Chukar partridges were less susceptible to infection with avian influenza viruses. The viruses that replicated in chukar partridges were isolated for 7 days after experimental inoculation, predominantly from the respiratory tract. We detected high neutralizing antibody titers with correspondingly low levels of serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers in pheasants and chukar partridges when chicken red blood cells were used in serological analyses. When horse erythrocytes were used, antibody titers were comparable to those obtained by using the neutralization assay. More importantly, the results suggested that pheasants can serve as a reservoir of influenza virus. Because of their continuous asymptomatic infection and longer stay in the markets, pheasants are ideal “carriers” of influenza A viruses. Their continued presence in live markets contributes to the perpetuation and genetic interaction of influenza viruses there. On the basis of our findings, it does not make good sense to ban quail but not pheasants from the live markets.</p>
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