Sepsis and septic shock: endothelial molecular pathogenesis associated with vascular microthrombotic disease
Identifieur interne : 000405 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000404; suivant : 000406Sepsis and septic shock: endothelial molecular pathogenesis associated with vascular microthrombotic disease
Auteurs : Jae C. ChangSource :
- Thrombosis Journal [ 1477-9560 ] ; 2019.
Abstract
In addition to protective “immune response”, sepsis is characterized by destructive “endothelial response” of the host, leading to endotheliopathy and its molecular dysfunction. Complement activation generates membrane attack complex (MAC). MAC causes channel formation to the cell membrane of pathogen, leading to death of microorganisms. In the host, MAC also may induce channel formation to innocent bystander endothelial cells (ECs) and ECs cannot be protected. This provokes endotheliopathy, which activates two independent molecular pathways: inflammatory and microthrombotic. Activated inflammatory pathway promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines and triggers inflammation. Activated microthrombotic pathway mediates platelet activation and exocytosis of unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers (ULVWF) from ECs and initiates microthrombogenesis. Excessively released ULVWF become anchored to ECs as long elongated strings and recruit activated platelets to assemble platelet-ULVWF complexes and form “microthrombi”. These microthrombi strings trigger disseminated intravascular microthrombosis (DIT), which is the underlying pathology of endotheliopathy-associated vascular microthrombotic disease (EA-VMTD). Sepsis-induced endotheliopathy promotes inflammation and DIT. Inflammation produces inflammatory response and DIT orchestrates consumptive thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a combined phenotype of inflammation and endotheliopathy-associated (EA)-VMTD. Successful therapeutic design for sepsis can be achieved by counteracting the pathologic microthrombogenesis.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12959-019-0198-4
PubMed: 31160889
PubMed Central: 6542012
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000405
Links to Exploration step
PMC:6542012Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Sepsis and septic shock: endothelial molecular pathogenesis associated with vascular microthrombotic disease</title><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jae C" sort="Chang, Jae C" uniqKey="Chang J" first="Jae C." last="Chang">Jae C. Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">31160889</idno><idno type="pmc">6542012</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6542012</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:6542012</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12959-019-0198-4</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000405</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000405</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000405</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000405</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Sepsis and septic shock: endothelial molecular pathogenesis associated with vascular microthrombotic disease</title><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jae C" sort="Chang, Jae C" uniqKey="Chang J" first="Jae C." last="Chang">Jae C. Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Thrombosis Journal</title><idno type="eISSN">1477-9560</idno><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par1">In addition to protective “immune response”, sepsis is characterized by destructive “endothelial response” of the host, leading to endotheliopathy and its molecular dysfunction. Complement activation generates membrane attack complex (MAC). MAC causes channel formation to the cell membrane of pathogen, leading to death of microorganisms. In the host, MAC also may induce channel formation to innocent bystander endothelial cells (ECs) and ECs cannot be protected. This provokes endotheliopathy, which activates two independent molecular pathways: inflammatory and microthrombotic. Activated inflammatory pathway promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines and triggers inflammation. Activated microthrombotic pathway mediates platelet activation and exocytosis of unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers (ULVWF) from ECs and initiates microthrombogenesis. Excessively released ULVWF become anchored to ECs as long elongated strings and recruit activated platelets to assemble platelet-ULVWF complexes and form “microthrombi”. These microthrombi strings trigger disseminated intravascular microthrombosis (DIT), which is the underlying pathology of endotheliopathy-associated vascular microthrombotic disease (EA-VMTD). Sepsis-induced endotheliopathy promotes inflammation and DIT. Inflammation produces inflammatory response and DIT orchestrates consumptive thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a combined phenotype of inflammation and endotheliopathy-associated (EA)-VMTD. Successful therapeutic design for sepsis can be achieved by counteracting the pathologic microthrombogenesis.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dempfle, Ce" uniqKey="Dempfle C">CE Dempfle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rhee, C" uniqKey="Rhee C">C Rhee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dantes, R" uniqKey="Dantes R">R Dantes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Epstein, L" uniqKey="Epstein L">L Epstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aird, Wc" uniqKey="Aird W">WC Aird</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peters, K" uniqKey="Peters K">K Peters</name></author><author><name sortKey="Unger, Re" uniqKey="Unger R">RE Unger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brunner, J" uniqKey="Brunner J">J Brunner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kirkpatrick, Cj" uniqKey="Kirkpatrick C">CJ Kirkpatrick</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lush, Cw" uniqKey="Lush C">CW Lush</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kvietys, Pr" uniqKey="Kvietys P">PR Kvietys</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ince, C" uniqKey="Ince C">C Ince</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mayeux, Pr" uniqKey="Mayeux P">PR Mayeux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, T" uniqKey="Nguyen T">T Nguyen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Esmon, Ct" uniqKey="Esmon C">CT Esmon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Der Poll, T" uniqKey="Van Der Poll T">T van der Poll</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levi, M" uniqKey="Levi M">M Levi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Brien, M" uniqKey="O Brien M">M O'Brien</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Semeraro, N" uniqKey="Semeraro N">N Semeraro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ammollo, Ct" uniqKey="Ammollo C">CT Ammollo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Semeraro, F" uniqKey="Semeraro F">F Semeraro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Colucci, M" uniqKey="Colucci M">M Colucci</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Okamoto, K" uniqKey="Okamoto K">K Okamoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tamura, T" uniqKey="Tamura T">T Tamura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sawatsubashi, Y" uniqKey="Sawatsubashi Y">Y Sawatsubashi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Umemura, Y" uniqKey="Umemura Y">Y Umemura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamakawa, K" uniqKey="Yamakawa K">K Yamakawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayakawa, M" uniqKey="Hayakawa M">M Hayakawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamasaki, T" uniqKey="Hamasaki T">T Hamasaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fujimi, S" uniqKey="Fujimi S">S Fujimi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levi, M" uniqKey="Levi M">M Levi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey=" Sterud, B" uniqKey=" Sterud B">B Østerud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bj Rklid, E" uniqKey="Bj Rklid E">E Bjørklid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lambris, Jd" uniqKey="Lambris J">JD Lambris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ricklin, D" uniqKey="Ricklin D">D Ricklin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Geisbrecht, Bv" uniqKey="Geisbrecht B">BV Geisbrecht</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kerr, H" uniqKey="Kerr H">H Kerr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richards, A" uniqKey="Richards A">A Richards</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lehto, T" uniqKey="Lehto T">T Lehto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meri, S" uniqKey="Meri S">S Meri</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brooimans, Ra" uniqKey="Brooimans R">RA Brooimans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Ark, Aa" uniqKey="Van Der Ark A">AA Van der Ark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomita, M" uniqKey="Tomita M">M Tomita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Es, La" uniqKey="Van Es L">LA Van Es</name></author><author><name sortKey="Daha, Mr" uniqKey="Daha M">MR Daha</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sugita, Y" uniqKey="Sugita Y">Y Sugita</name></author><author><name sortKey="Masuho, Y" uniqKey="Masuho Y">Y Masuho</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Helling, H" uniqKey="Helling H">H Helling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stephan, B" uniqKey="Stephan B">B Stephan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pindur, G" uniqKey="Pindur G">G Pindur</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcphaden, Ar" uniqKey="Mcphaden A">AR McPhaden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whaley, K" uniqKey="Whaley K">K Whaley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cross, Ar" uniqKey="Cross A">AR Cross</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glotz, D" uniqKey="Glotz D">D Glotz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mooney, N" uniqKey="Mooney N">N Mooney</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Osterud, B" uniqKey="Osterud B">B Osterud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bjorklid, E" uniqKey="Bjorklid E">E Bjorklid</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mackman, N" uniqKey="Mackman N">N Mackman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vincent, Jl" uniqKey="Vincent J">JL Vincent</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Backer, D" uniqKey="De Backer D">D De Backer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levi, M" uniqKey="Levi M">M Levi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schultz, M" uniqKey="Schultz M">M Schultz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Poll, T" uniqKey="Van Der Poll T">T van der Poll</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chousterman, Bg" uniqKey="Chousterman B">BG Chousterman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Swirski, Fk" uniqKey="Swirski F">FK Swirski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weber, Gf" uniqKey="Weber G">GF Weber</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ulloa, L" uniqKey="Ulloa L">L Ulloa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tracey, Kj" uniqKey="Tracey K">KJ Tracey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xing, K" uniqKey="Xing K">K Xing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murthy, S" uniqKey="Murthy S">S Murthy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liles, Wc" uniqKey="Liles W">WC Liles</name></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Jm" uniqKey="Singh J">JM Singh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aird, Wc" uniqKey="Aird W">WC Aird</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nolan, Dj" uniqKey="Nolan D">DJ Nolan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ginsberg, M" uniqKey="Ginsberg M">M Ginsberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Israely, E" uniqKey="Israely E">E Israely</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mccall, Li" uniqKey="Mccall L">LI McCall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siqueira Neto, Jl" uniqKey="Siqueira Neto J">JL Siqueira-Neto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mckerrow, Jh" uniqKey="Mckerrow J">JH McKerrow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Obrig, Tg" uniqKey="Obrig T">TG Obrig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Louise, Cb" uniqKey="Louise C">CB Louise</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lingwood, Ca" uniqKey="Lingwood C">CA Lingwood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boyd, B" uniqKey="Boyd B">B Boyd</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barley Maloney, L" uniqKey="Barley Maloney L">L Barley-Maloney</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zeng, H" uniqKey="Zeng H">H Zeng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goldsmith, Cs" uniqKey="Goldsmith C">CS Goldsmith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maines, Tr" uniqKey="Maines T">TR Maines</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caugant, Da" uniqKey="Caugant D">DA Caugant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maiden, Mc" uniqKey="Maiden M">MC Maiden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Khafaji, A" uniqKey="Al Khafaji A">A Al-Khafaji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nadim, Mk" uniqKey="Nadim M">MK Nadim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kellum, Ja" uniqKey="Kellum J">JA Kellum</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hadjihambi, A" uniqKey="Hadjihambi A">A Hadjihambi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arias, N" uniqKey="Arias N">N Arias</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheikh, M" uniqKey="Sheikh M">M Sheikh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kalaiselvan, S" uniqKey="Kalaiselvan S">S Kalaiselvan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sankar, S" uniqKey="Sankar S">S Sankar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramamurthy, M" uniqKey="Ramamurthy M">M Ramamurthy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghosh, Ar" uniqKey="Ghosh A">AR Ghosh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nandagopal, B" uniqKey="Nandagopal B">B Nandagopal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sridharan, G" uniqKey="Sridharan G">G Sridharan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Petejova, N" uniqKey="Petejova N">N Petejova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martinek, A" uniqKey="Martinek A">A Martinek</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Xp" uniqKey="Zhang X">XP Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tian, H" uniqKey="Tian H">H Tian</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bernal Monterde, V" uniqKey="Bernal Monterde V">V Bernal Monterde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campillo Arregui, A" uniqKey="Campillo Arregui A">A Campillo Arregui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sostres Homedes, C" uniqKey="Sostres Homedes C">C Sostres Homedes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Gil, A" uniqKey="Garcia Gil A">A García Gil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sim N Marco, Ma" uniqKey="Sim N Marco M">MA Simón Marco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Serrano Aull, Mt" uniqKey="Serrano Aull M">MT Serrano Aulló</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sonavane, A" uniqKey="Sonavane A">A Sonavane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baradkar, V" uniqKey="Baradkar V">V Baradkar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salunkhe, P" uniqKey="Salunkhe P">P Salunkhe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S">S Kumar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sch Fer, A" uniqKey="Sch Fer A">A Schäfer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bauersachs, J" uniqKey="Bauersachs J">J Bauersachs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coenen, Dm" uniqKey="Coenen D">DM Coenen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mastenbroek, Tg" uniqKey="Mastenbroek T">TG Mastenbroek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cosemans, Jmem" uniqKey="Cosemans J">JMEM Cosemans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turner, Na" uniqKey="Turner N">NA Turner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moake, J" uniqKey="Moake J">J Moake</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Valentijn, Km" uniqKey="Valentijn K">KM Valentijn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Driel, Lf" uniqKey="Van Driel L">LF van Driel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mourik, Mj" uniqKey="Mourik M">MJ Mourik</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bernardo, A" uniqKey="Bernardo A">A Bernardo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ball, C" uniqKey="Ball C">C Ball</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nolasco, L" uniqKey="Nolasco L">L Nolasco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, H" uniqKey="Choi H">H Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moake, Jl" uniqKey="Moake J">JL Moake</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, Jf" uniqKey="Dong J">JF Dong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chauhan, Ak" uniqKey="Chauhan A">AK Chauhan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goerge, T" uniqKey="Goerge T">T Goerge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, Sw" uniqKey="Schneider S">SW Schneider</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Dd" uniqKey="Wagner D">DD Wagner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Feng, S" uniqKey="Feng S">S Feng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eyler, Sj" uniqKey="Eyler S">SJ Eyler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pourrat, O" uniqKey="Pourrat O">O Pourrat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coudroy, R" uniqKey="Coudroy R">R Coudroy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pierre, F" uniqKey="Pierre F">F Pierre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gandhi, C" uniqKey="Gandhi C">C Gandhi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Motto, Dg" uniqKey="Motto D">DG Motto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jensen, M" uniqKey="Jensen M">M Jensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lentz, Sr" uniqKey="Lentz S">SR Lentz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chauhan, Ak" uniqKey="Chauhan A">AK Chauhan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fujioka, M" uniqKey="Fujioka M">M Fujioka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hayakawa, K" uniqKey="Hayakawa K">K Hayakawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mishima, K" uniqKey="Mishima K">K Mishima</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dinarello, Ca" uniqKey="Dinarello C">CA Dinarello</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Hm" uniqKey="Gross H">HM Gross</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zell, Ja" uniqKey="Zell J">JA Zell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Joyce, De" uniqKey="Joyce D">DE Joyce</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nelson, Dr" uniqKey="Nelson D">DR Nelson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grinnell, Bw" uniqKey="Grinnell B">BW Grinnell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kaukonen, Km" uniqKey="Kaukonen K">KM Kaukonen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bailey, M" uniqKey="Bailey M">M Bailey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pilcher, D" uniqKey="Pilcher D">D Pilcher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Dj" uniqKey="Cooper D">DJ Cooper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bellomo, R" uniqKey="Bellomo R">R Bellomo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brun Buisson, C" uniqKey="Brun Buisson C">C Brun-Buisson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Warkentin, Te" uniqKey="Warkentin T">TE Warkentin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thachil, J" uniqKey="Thachil J">J Thachil</name></author><author><name sortKey="Warkentin, Te" uniqKey="Warkentin T">TE Warkentin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Venkata, C" uniqKey="Venkata C">C Venkata</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kashyap, R" uniqKey="Kashyap R">R Kashyap</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farmer, Jc" uniqKey="Farmer J">JC Farmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Afessa, B" uniqKey="Afessa B">B Afessa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Greco, E" uniqKey="Greco E">E Greco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lupia, E" uniqKey="Lupia E">E Lupia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bosco, O" uniqKey="Bosco O">O Bosco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vizio, B" uniqKey="Vizio B">B Vizio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montrucchio, G" uniqKey="Montrucchio G">G Montrucchio</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Tc" uniqKey="Nguyen T">TC Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carcillo, Ja" uniqKey="Carcillo J">JA Carcillo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levi, M" uniqKey="Levi M">M Levi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lowenberg, Ec" uniqKey="Lowenberg E">EC Löwenberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schriber, Jr" uniqKey="Schriber J">JR Schriber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Freedman, Jj" uniqKey="Freedman J">JJ Freedman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brandwein, Jm" uniqKey="Brandwein J">JM Brandwein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, Z" uniqKey="Wang Z">Z Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Z" uniqKey="Yu Z">Z Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Su, J" uniqKey="Su J">J Su</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, L" uniqKey="Cao L">L Cao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, X" uniqKey="Zhao X">X Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruan, C" uniqKey="Ruan C">C Ruan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Booth, Kk" uniqKey="Booth K">KK Booth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Terrell, Dr" uniqKey="Terrell D">DR Terrell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vesely, Sk" uniqKey="Vesely S">SK Vesely</name></author><author><name sortKey="George, Jn" uniqKey="George J">JN George</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lopes Da Silva, R" uniqKey="Lopes Da Silva R">R Lopes da Silva</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsai, Hm" uniqKey="Tsai H">HM Tsai</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sadler, Je" uniqKey="Sadler J">JE Sadler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moake, Jl" uniqKey="Moake J">JL Moake</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miyata, T" uniqKey="Miyata T">T Miyata</name></author><author><name sortKey="George, Jn" uniqKey="George J">JN George</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shipstone, A" uniqKey="Shipstone A">A Shipstone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Llenado Lee, Ma" uniqKey="Llenado Lee M">MA Llenado-Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Naqvi, Ta" uniqKey="Naqvi T">TA Naqvi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baumann, Ma" uniqKey="Baumann M">MA Baumann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naqvi, T" uniqKey="Naqvi T">T Naqvi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scully, M" uniqKey="Scully M">M Scully</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yu, Wl" uniqKey="Yu W">WL Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, T" uniqKey="Leung T">T Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soo, Y" uniqKey="Soo Y">Y Soo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, J" uniqKey="Lee J">J Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Ks" uniqKey="Wong K">KS Wong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ibernon, M" uniqKey="Ibernon M">M Ibernon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moreso, F" uniqKey="Moreso F">F Moreso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carreras, L" uniqKey="Carreras L">L Carreras</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scully, M" uniqKey="Scully M">M Scully</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hunt, Bj" uniqKey="Hunt B">BJ Hunt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benjamin, S" uniqKey="Benjamin S">S Benjamin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sarode, R" uniqKey="Sarode R">R Sarode</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Tc" uniqKey="Nguyen T">TC Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, A" uniqKey="Liu A">A Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, L" uniqKey="Liu L">L Liu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kathula, Sk" uniqKey="Kathula S">SK Kathula</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Warkentin, Te" uniqKey="Warkentin T">TE Warkentin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pai, M" uniqKey="Pai M">M Pai</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chang, Jc" uniqKey="Chang J">JC Chang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ikhlaque, N" uniqKey="Ikhlaque N">N Ikhlaque</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Panackel, C" uniqKey="Panackel C">C Panackel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, R" uniqKey="Thomas R">R Thomas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sebastian, B" uniqKey="Sebastian B">B Sebastian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mathai, Sk" uniqKey="Mathai S">SK Mathai</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcdonald, V" uniqKey="Mcdonald V">V McDonald</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laffan, M" uniqKey="Laffan M">M Laffan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benjamin, S" uniqKey="Benjamin S">S Benjamin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bevan, D" uniqKey="Bevan D">D Bevan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Machin, S" uniqKey="Machin S">S Machin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scully, Ma" uniqKey="Scully M">MA Scully</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dal Pizzol, F" uniqKey="Dal Pizzol F">F Dal-Pizzol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tomasi, Cd" uniqKey="Tomasi C">CD Tomasi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ritter, C" uniqKey="Ritter C">C Ritter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balasubramaniyam, N" uniqKey="Balasubramaniyam N">N Balasubramaniyam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kolte, D" uniqKey="Kolte D">D Kolte</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palaniswamy, C" uniqKey="Palaniswamy C">C Palaniswamy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mele, Ja" uniqKey="Mele J">JA Mele</name></author><author><name sortKey="Linder, S" uniqKey="Linder S">S Linder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Capozzi, A" uniqKey="Capozzi A">A Capozzi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hale, Aj" uniqKey="Hale A">AJ Hale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lasalvia, M" uniqKey="Lasalvia M">M LaSalvia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kirby, Je" uniqKey="Kirby J">JE Kirby</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kimball, A" uniqKey="Kimball A">A Kimball</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baden, R" uniqKey="Baden R">R Baden</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Qahtani, Sa" uniqKey="Qahtani S">SA Qahtani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bejan, C" uniqKey="Bejan C">C Bejan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Constantinescu, S" uniqKey="Constantinescu S">S Constantinescu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorob, G" uniqKey="Dorob G">G Dorobăţ</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorob, C" uniqKey="Dorob C">C Dorobăţ</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Dongen, Pw" uniqKey="Van Dongen P">PW van Dongen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eskes, Tk" uniqKey="Eskes T">TK Eskes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gimbrere, Js" uniqKey="Gimbrere J">JS Gimbrère</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snel, P" uniqKey="Snel P">P Snel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levi, M" uniqKey="Levi M">M Levi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scully, M" uniqKey="Scully M">M Scully</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Denecke, B" uniqKey="Denecke B">B Denecke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bigalke, B" uniqKey="Bigalke B">B Bigalke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haap, M" uniqKey="Haap M">M Haap</name></author><author><name sortKey="Overkamp, D" uniqKey="Overkamp D">D Overkamp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lehnert, H" uniqKey="Lehnert H">H Lehnert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, Cs" uniqKey="Haas C">CS Haas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Singer, M" uniqKey="Singer M">M Singer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deutschman, Cs" uniqKey="Deutschman C">CS Deutschman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seymour, Cw" uniqKey="Seymour C">CW Seymour</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Annane, D" uniqKey="Annane D">D Annane</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Den Brinker, M" uniqKey="Den Brinker M">M den Brinker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joosten, Kf" uniqKey="Joosten K">KF Joosten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liem, O" uniqKey="Liem O">O Liem</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, D" uniqKey="Hamilton D">D Hamilton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, Md" uniqKey="Harris M">MD Harris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Foweraker, J" uniqKey="Foweraker J">J Foweraker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gresham, Ga" uniqKey="Gresham G">GA Gresham</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harms, D" uniqKey="Harms D">D Harms</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pape, Gr" uniqKey="Pape G">GR Pape</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bohle, A" uniqKey="Bohle A">A Bohle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cf, Wp" uniqKey="Cf W">WP CF</name></author><author><name sortKey="Troster, Ej" uniqKey="Troster E">EJ Troster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Damiani, D" uniqKey="Damiani D">D Damiani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carcillo, Ja" uniqKey="Carcillo J">JA Carcillo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Annane, D" uniqKey="Annane D">D Annane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maxime, V" uniqKey="Maxime V">V Maxime</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ibrahim, F" uniqKey="Ibrahim F">F Ibrahim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez, Jc" uniqKey="Alvarez J">JC Alvarez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abe, E" uniqKey="Abe E">E Abe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boudou, P" uniqKey="Boudou P">P Boudou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maxime, V" uniqKey="Maxime V">V Maxime</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lesur, O" uniqKey="Lesur O">O Lesur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Annane, D" uniqKey="Annane D">D Annane</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marik, Pe" uniqKey="Marik P">PE Marik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaloga, Gp" uniqKey="Zaloga G">GP Zaloga</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mckay, Dg" uniqKey="Mckay D">DG McKay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levi, M" uniqKey="Levi M">M Levi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Poll, T" uniqKey="Van Der Poll T">T van der Poll</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ten Cate, H" uniqKey="Ten Cate H">H Ten Cate</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hackeng, Tm" uniqKey="Hackeng T">TM Hackeng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia De Frutos, P" uniqKey="Garcia De Frutos P">P García de Frutos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levi, M" uniqKey="Levi M">M Levi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Poll, T" uniqKey="Van Der Poll T">T van der Poll</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gando, S" uniqKey="Gando S">S Gando</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levi, M" uniqKey="Levi M">M Levi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Toh, Ch" uniqKey="Toh C">CH Toh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bone, Rc" uniqKey="Bone R">RC Bone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balk, Ra" uniqKey="Balk R">RA Balk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cerra, Fb" uniqKey="Cerra F">FB Cerra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dellinger, Rp" uniqKey="Dellinger R">RP Dellinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fein, Am" uniqKey="Fein A">AM Fein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knaus, Wa" uniqKey="Knaus W">WA Knaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schein, Rm" uniqKey="Schein R">RM Schein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sibbald, Wj" uniqKey="Sibbald W">WJ Sibbald</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Balk, Ra" uniqKey="Balk R">RA Balk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ogura, H" uniqKey="Ogura H">H Ogura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gando, S" uniqKey="Gando S">S Gando</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iba, T" uniqKey="Iba T">T Iba</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stravitz, Rt" uniqKey="Stravitz R">RT Stravitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ellerbe, C" uniqKey="Ellerbe C">C Ellerbe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durkalski, V" uniqKey="Durkalski V">V Durkalski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reuben, A" uniqKey="Reuben A">A Reuben</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lisman, T" uniqKey="Lisman T">T Lisman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Wm" uniqKey="Lee W">WM Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Camous, L" uniqKey="Camous L">L Camous</name></author><author><name sortKey="Veyradier, A" uniqKey="Veyradier A">A Veyradier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Darmon, M" uniqKey="Darmon M">M Darmon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reid, Vl" uniqKey="Reid V">VL Reid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mclay, J" uniqKey="Mclay J">J McLay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ruffin, N" uniqKey="Ruffin N">N Ruffin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vasa, Cv" uniqKey="Vasa C">CV Vasa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Breakstone, S" uniqKey="Breakstone S">S Breakstone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Axman, W" uniqKey="Axman W">W Axman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Molos, Ma" uniqKey="Molos M">MA Molos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Jc" uniqKey="Hall J">JC Hall</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liechti, Me" uniqKey="Liechti M">ME Liechti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zumsteg, V" uniqKey="Zumsteg V">V Zumsteg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hatz, Cf" uniqKey="Hatz C">CF Hatz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Herren, T" uniqKey="Herren T">T Herren</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adamski, J" uniqKey="Adamski J">J Adamski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Tc" uniqKey="Nguyen T">TC Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Yy" uniqKey="Han Y">YY Han</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oral, M" uniqKey="Oral M">M Oral</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, A" uniqKey="Yilmaz A">A Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, D" uniqKey="Yilmaz D">D Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Unal, N" uniqKey="Unal N">N Ünal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tulunay, M" uniqKey="Tulunay M">M Tulunay</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Busund, R" uniqKey="Busund R">R Busund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koukline, V" uniqKey="Koukline V">V Koukline</name></author><author><name sortKey="Utrobin, U" uniqKey="Utrobin U">U Utrobin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nedashkovsky, E" uniqKey="Nedashkovsky E">E Nedashkovsky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Tc" uniqKey="Nguyen T">TC Nguyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Yy" uniqKey="Han Y">YY Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kiss, Je" uniqKey="Kiss J">JE Kiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hall, Mw" uniqKey="Hall M">MW Hall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hassett, Ac" uniqKey="Hassett A">AC Hassett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaffe, R" uniqKey="Jaffe R">R Jaffe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orr, Ra" uniqKey="Orr R">RA Orr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Qu, L" uniqKey="Qu L">L Qu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kiss, Je" uniqKey="Kiss J">JE Kiss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dargo, G" uniqKey="Dargo G">G Dargo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carcillo, Ja" uniqKey="Carcillo J">JA Carcillo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hadem, J" uniqKey="Hadem J">J Hadem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hafer, C" uniqKey="Hafer C">C Hafer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, As" uniqKey="Schneider A">AS Schneider</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wiesner, O" uniqKey="Wiesner O">O Wiesner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beutel, G" uniqKey="Beutel G">G Beutel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fuehner, T" uniqKey="Fuehner T">T Fuehner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Simone, N" uniqKey="De Simone N">N De Simone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Racsa, L" uniqKey="Racsa L">L Racsa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bevan, S" uniqKey="Bevan S">S Bevan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matevosyan, K" uniqKey="Matevosyan K">K Matevosyan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valley, T" uniqKey="Valley T">T Valley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Girod, C" uniqKey="Girod C">C Girod</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sarode, R" uniqKey="Sarode R">R Sarode</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stegmayr, B" uniqKey="Stegmayr B">B Stegmayr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rimmer, E" uniqKey="Rimmer E">E Rimmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Houston, Bl" uniqKey="Houston B">BL Houston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, A" uniqKey="Kumar A">A Kumar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abou Setta, Am" uniqKey="Abou Setta A">AM Abou-Setta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Friesen, C" uniqKey="Friesen C">C Friesen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marshall, Jc" uniqKey="Marshall J">JC Marshall</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reeves, Jh" uniqKey="Reeves J">JH Reeves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Butt, Ww" uniqKey="Butt W">WW Butt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shann, F" uniqKey="Shann F">F Shann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Layton, Je" uniqKey="Layton J">JE Layton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, A" uniqKey="Stewart A">A Stewart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waring, Pm" uniqKey="Waring P">PM Waring</name></author><author><name sortKey="Presneill, Jj" uniqKey="Presneill J">JJ Presneill</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Palma, Lm" uniqKey="Palma L">LM Palma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langman, Cb" uniqKey="Langman C">CB Langman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kaplan, Bs" uniqKey="Kaplan B">BS Kaplan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruebner, Rl" uniqKey="Ruebner R">RL Ruebner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spinale, Jm" uniqKey="Spinale J">JM Spinale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Copelovitch, L" uniqKey="Copelovitch L">L Copelovitch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schwameis, M" uniqKey="Schwameis M">M Schwameis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schorgenhofer, C" uniqKey="Schorgenhofer C">C Schörgenhofer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Assinger, A" uniqKey="Assinger A">A Assinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steiner, Mm" uniqKey="Steiner M">MM Steiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jilma, B" uniqKey="Jilma B">B Jilma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Xl" uniqKey="Zheng X">XL Zheng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tersteeg, C" uniqKey="Tersteeg C">C Tersteeg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schiviz, A" uniqKey="Schiviz A">A Schiviz</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Meyer, Sf" uniqKey="De Meyer S">SF De Meyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plaimauer, B" uniqKey="Plaimauer B">B Plaimauer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scheiflinger, F" uniqKey="Scheiflinger F">F Scheiflinger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rottensteiner, H" uniqKey="Rottensteiner H">H Rottensteiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanhoorelbeke, K" uniqKey="Vanhoorelbeke K">K Vanhoorelbeke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Plaimauer, B" uniqKey="Plaimauer B">B Plaimauer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kremer Hovinga, Ja" uniqKey="Kremer Hovinga J">JA Kremer Hovinga</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scully, M" uniqKey="Scully M">M Scully</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cataland, Sr" uniqKey="Cataland S">SR Cataland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peyvandi, F" uniqKey="Peyvandi F">F Peyvandi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Thromb J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Thromb J</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Thrombosis Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1477-9560</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">31160889</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6542012</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">198</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12959-019-0198-4</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sepsis and septic shock: endothelial molecular pathogenesis associated with vascular microthrombotic disease</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-7684</contrib-id><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>Jae C.</given-names></name><address><phone>949-387-2207</phone><email>jaec@uci.edu</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0668 7243</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.266093.8</institution-id><institution>Department of Medicine,</institution><institution>University of California Irvine School of Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Irvine, CA USA</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>5</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>30</day><month>5</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><elocation-id>10</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day><month>4</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s). 2019</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><p id="Par1">In addition to protective “immune response”, sepsis is characterized by destructive “endothelial response” of the host, leading to endotheliopathy and its molecular dysfunction. Complement activation generates membrane attack complex (MAC). MAC causes channel formation to the cell membrane of pathogen, leading to death of microorganisms. In the host, MAC also may induce channel formation to innocent bystander endothelial cells (ECs) and ECs cannot be protected. This provokes endotheliopathy, which activates two independent molecular pathways: inflammatory and microthrombotic. Activated inflammatory pathway promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines and triggers inflammation. Activated microthrombotic pathway mediates platelet activation and exocytosis of unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers (ULVWF) from ECs and initiates microthrombogenesis. Excessively released ULVWF become anchored to ECs as long elongated strings and recruit activated platelets to assemble platelet-ULVWF complexes and form “microthrombi”. These microthrombi strings trigger disseminated intravascular microthrombosis (DIT), which is the underlying pathology of endotheliopathy-associated vascular microthrombotic disease (EA-VMTD). Sepsis-induced endotheliopathy promotes inflammation and DIT. Inflammation produces inflammatory response and DIT orchestrates consumptive thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a combined phenotype of inflammation and endotheliopathy-associated (EA)-VMTD. Successful therapeutic design for sepsis can be achieved by counteracting the pathologic microthrombogenesis.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Anti-microthrombotic therapy</kwd><kwd>C5b-9 (membrane attack complex [MAC])</kwd><kwd>Disseminated intravascular coagulation (“DIC”, ill-founded DIC)</kwd><kwd>Disseminated intravascular microthrombosis (DIT)</kwd><kwd>Endotheliopathy</kwd><kwd>Microthrombogenesis</kwd><kwd>Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS)</kwd><kwd>Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE)</kwd><kwd>TTP-like syndrome</kwd><kwd>Unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers (ULVWF)</kwd><kwd>Vascular microthrombotic disease (VMTD)</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2019</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/CovidV2/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000405 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 000405 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= CovidV2
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:6542012
|texte= Sepsis and septic shock: endothelial molecular pathogenesis associated with vascular microthrombotic disease
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:31160889" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidV2
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |