CovidV2, Pmc, Corpus, bibRecord, 000963

Synthesis and the Biological Activity of Phosphonylated 1,2,3-Triazolenaphthalimide Conjugates

Identifieur interne : 000963 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000962; suivant : 000964

Synthesis and the Biological Activity of Phosphonylated 1,2,3-Triazolenaphthalimide Conjugates

Auteurs : Iwona E. Głowacka ; Rafał Gulej ; Piotr Grzonkowski ; Graciela Andrei ; Dominique Schols ; Robert Snoeck ; Dorota G. Piotrowska

Source :

Molecules [ 1420-3049 ] ; 2016.

RBID : PMC:6273621

Abstract

A novel series of diethyl {4-[(5-substituted-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)-methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}alkylphosphonates designed as analogues of amonafide was synthesized. All phosphonates were assessed for antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses and several of them showed potency against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) [EC₅₀ (50% effective concentration) = 27.6–91.5 μM]. Compound 16b exhibited the highest activity against a thymidine kinase-deficient (TK⁻) VZV strain (EC₅₀ = 27.59 μM), while 16d was the most potent towards TK⁺ VZV (EC₅₀ = 29.91 μM). Cytostatic properties of the compounds 14a–i–17a–i were studied on L1210, CEM, HeLa and HMEC-1 cell lines and most of them were slightly cytostatic for HeLa [IC₅₀ (50% inhibitory concentration) = 29–130 µM] and L1210 cells [IC₅₀ (50% inhibitory concentration) = 14–142 µM].

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273621

DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111420
PubMed: 27792200
PubMed Central: 6273621

Links to Exploration step

PMC:6273621

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Glowacka, Iwona E" sort="Glowacka, Iwona E" uniqKey="Glowacka I" first="Iwona E." last="Głowacka">Iwona E. Głowacka</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-molecules-21-01420">Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;<email>rafal.gulej@stud.umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (R.G.);<email>grzonkowskipiotr4@gmail.com</email>
 (P.G.);<email>dorota.piotrowska@umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (D.G.P.)</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Gulej, Rafal" sort="Gulej, Rafal" uniqKey="Gulej R" first="Rafał" last="Gulej">Rafał Gulej</name>
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 (R.G.);<email>grzonkowskipiotr4@gmail.com</email>
 (P.G.);<email>dorota.piotrowska@umed.lodz.pl</email>
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<author><name sortKey="Grzonkowski, Piotr" sort="Grzonkowski, Piotr" uniqKey="Grzonkowski P" first="Piotr" last="Grzonkowski">Piotr Grzonkowski</name>
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 (R.G.);<email>grzonkowskipiotr4@gmail.com</email>
 (P.G.);<email>dorota.piotrowska@umed.lodz.pl</email>
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<author><name sortKey="Andrei, Graciela" sort="Andrei, Graciela" uniqKey="Andrei G" first="Graciela" last="Andrei">Graciela Andrei</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Snoeck, Robert" sort="Snoeck, Robert" uniqKey="Snoeck R" first="Robert" last="Snoeck">Robert Snoeck</name>
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 (G.A.);<email>Dominique.Schols@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (D.S.);<email>Robert.Snoeck@rega.kleuven.be</email>
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<author><name sortKey="Piotrowska, Dorota G" sort="Piotrowska, Dorota G" uniqKey="Piotrowska D" first="Dorota G." last="Piotrowska">Dorota G. Piotrowska</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-molecules-21-01420">Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;<email>rafal.gulej@stud.umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (R.G.);<email>grzonkowskipiotr4@gmail.com</email>
 (P.G.);<email>dorota.piotrowska@umed.lodz.pl</email>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Synthesis and the Biological Activity of Phosphonylated 1,2,3-Triazolenaphthalimide Conjugates</title>
<author><name sortKey="Glowacka, Iwona E" sort="Glowacka, Iwona E" uniqKey="Glowacka I" first="Iwona E." last="Głowacka">Iwona E. Głowacka</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-molecules-21-01420">Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;<email>rafal.gulej@stud.umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (R.G.);<email>grzonkowskipiotr4@gmail.com</email>
 (P.G.);<email>dorota.piotrowska@umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (D.G.P.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gulej, Rafal" sort="Gulej, Rafal" uniqKey="Gulej R" first="Rafał" last="Gulej">Rafał Gulej</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-molecules-21-01420">Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;<email>rafal.gulej@stud.umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (R.G.);<email>grzonkowskipiotr4@gmail.com</email>
 (P.G.);<email>dorota.piotrowska@umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (D.G.P.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grzonkowski, Piotr" sort="Grzonkowski, Piotr" uniqKey="Grzonkowski P" first="Piotr" last="Grzonkowski">Piotr Grzonkowski</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-molecules-21-01420">Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;<email>rafal.gulej@stud.umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (R.G.);<email>grzonkowskipiotr4@gmail.com</email>
 (P.G.);<email>dorota.piotrowska@umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (D.G.P.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andrei, Graciela" sort="Andrei, Graciela" uniqKey="Andrei G" first="Graciela" last="Andrei">Graciela Andrei</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-molecules-21-01420">Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;<email>Graciela.Andrei@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (G.A.);<email>Dominique.Schols@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (D.S.);<email>Robert.Snoeck@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (R.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schols, Dominique" sort="Schols, Dominique" uniqKey="Schols D" first="Dominique" last="Schols">Dominique Schols</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-molecules-21-01420">Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;<email>Graciela.Andrei@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (G.A.);<email>Dominique.Schols@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (D.S.);<email>Robert.Snoeck@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (R.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snoeck, Robert" sort="Snoeck, Robert" uniqKey="Snoeck R" first="Robert" last="Snoeck">Robert Snoeck</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-molecules-21-01420">Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;<email>Graciela.Andrei@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (G.A.);<email>Dominique.Schols@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (D.S.);<email>Robert.Snoeck@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (R.S.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piotrowska, Dorota G" sort="Piotrowska, Dorota G" uniqKey="Piotrowska D" first="Dorota G." last="Piotrowska">Dorota G. Piotrowska</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-molecules-21-01420">Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;<email>rafal.gulej@stud.umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (R.G.);<email>grzonkowskipiotr4@gmail.com</email>
 (P.G.);<email>dorota.piotrowska@umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (D.G.P.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Molecules</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1420-3049</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>A novel series of diethyl {4-[(5-substituted-1,3-dioxo-1<italic>H</italic>
-benzo[<italic>de</italic>
]isoquinolin-2(3<italic>H</italic>
)-yl)-methyl]-1<italic>H</italic>
-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}alkylphosphonates designed as analogues of amonafide was synthesized. All phosphonates were assessed for antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses and several of them showed potency against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) [EC<sub>50</sub>
 (50% effective concentration) = 27.6–91.5 μM]. Compound <bold>16b</bold>
 exhibited the highest activity against a thymidine kinase-deficient (TK<sup>−</sup>
) VZV strain (EC<sub>50</sub>
 = 27.59 μM), while <bold>16d</bold>
 was the most potent towards TK<sup>+</sup>
 VZV (EC<sub>50</sub>
 = 29.91 μM). Cytostatic properties of the compounds <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
–<bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 were studied on L1210, CEM, HeLa and HMEC-1 cell lines and most of them were slightly cytostatic for HeLa [IC<sub>50</sub>
 (50% inhibitory concentration) = 29–130 µM] and L1210 cells [IC<sub>50</sub>
 (50% inhibitory concentration) = 14–142 µM].</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
  <front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Molecules</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Molecules</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">molecules</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Molecules</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1420-3049</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name>
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</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27792200</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6273621</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/molecules21111420</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">molecules-21-01420</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
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</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Synthesis and the Biological Activity of Phosphonylated 1,2,3-Triazolenaphthalimide Conjugates</article-title>
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</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gulej</surname>
<given-names>Rafał</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-molecules-21-01420">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grzonkowski</surname>
<given-names>Piotr</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-molecules-21-01420">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Andrei</surname>
<given-names>Graciela</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-molecules-21-01420">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schols</surname>
<given-names>Dominique</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-molecules-21-01420">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Snoeck</surname>
<given-names>Robert</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-molecules-21-01420">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Piotrowska</surname>
<given-names>Dorota G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-molecules-21-01420">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Hadjipavlou-Litina</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Academic Editor</role>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="af1-molecules-21-01420"><label>1</label>
Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;<email>rafal.gulej@stud.umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (R.G.);<email>grzonkowskipiotr4@gmail.com</email>
 (P.G.);<email>dorota.piotrowska@umed.lodz.pl</email>
 (D.G.P.)</aff>
<aff id="af2-molecules-21-01420"><label>2</label>
Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium;<email>Graciela.Andrei@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (G.A.);<email>Dominique.Schols@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (D.S.);<email>Robert.Snoeck@rega.kleuven.be</email>
 (R.S.)</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="c1-molecules-21-01420"><label>*</label>
Correspondence: <email>iwona.glowacka@umed.lodz.pl</email>
; Tel.: +48-42-677-92-37; Fax: +48-42-678-83-98</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<elocation-id>1420</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>03</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>20</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 by the authors.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>
).</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>A novel series of diethyl {4-[(5-substituted-1,3-dioxo-1<italic>H</italic>
-benzo[<italic>de</italic>
]isoquinolin-2(3<italic>H</italic>
)-yl)-methyl]-1<italic>H</italic>
-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}alkylphosphonates designed as analogues of amonafide was synthesized. All phosphonates were assessed for antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses and several of them showed potency against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) [EC<sub>50</sub>
 (50% effective concentration) = 27.6–91.5 μM]. Compound <bold>16b</bold>
 exhibited the highest activity against a thymidine kinase-deficient (TK<sup>−</sup>
) VZV strain (EC<sub>50</sub>
 = 27.59 μM), while <bold>16d</bold>
 was the most potent towards TK<sup>+</sup>
 VZV (EC<sub>50</sub>
 = 29.91 μM). Cytostatic properties of the compounds <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
–<bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 were studied on L1210, CEM, HeLa and HMEC-1 cell lines and most of them were slightly cytostatic for HeLa [IC<sub>50</sub>
 (50% inhibitory concentration) = 29–130 µM] and L1210 cells [IC<sub>50</sub>
 (50% inhibitory concentration) = 14–142 µM].</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>azidophosphonates</kwd>
<kwd>acyclonucleotides</kwd>
<kwd>naphthalimides</kwd>
<kwd>1,2,3-triazoles</kwd>
<kwd>cycloaddition</kwd>
<kwd>antiviral</kwd>
<kwd>cytostatic</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body><sec id="sec1-molecules-21-01420"><title>1. Introduction</title>
<p>Pharmacologically important natural as well as synthetic compounds having various heterocyclic systems including powerful pharmacophores such as triazoles and naphthalimides are of special interest. Numerous compounds of the 1,2,3-triazole family have shown a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial [<xref rid="B1-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
,<xref rid="B2-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>
], antifungal [<xref rid="B3-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>
,<xref rid="B4-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>
,<xref rid="B5-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
,<xref rid="B6-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
], anticancer [<xref rid="B7-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
,<xref rid="B8-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>
,<xref rid="B9-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>
,<xref rid="B10-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>
,<xref rid="B11-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
], antiviral [<xref rid="B12-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
,<xref rid="B13-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>
,<xref rid="B14-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
,<xref rid="B15-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">15</xref>
,<xref rid="B16-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
] and antiallergic effects [<xref rid="B17-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>
]. Furthermore, substituted 1,2,3-triazoles have also been used as agrochemicals, dyes, photostabilisers and corrosion inhibitors [<xref rid="B18-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>
,<xref rid="B19-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>
,<xref rid="B20-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>
]. Various biological activities of substituted 1,2,3-triazoles are closely related to their chemical reactivity since they are able to form hydrogen bonds, could be protonated at the physiological pH and are resistant to oxidation and reduction as well as to enzymatic hydrolysis to name the most important features.</p>
<p>Naphthalimide derivatives such as mitonafide [<xref rid="B21-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
,<xref rid="B22-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>
,<xref rid="B23-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>
], amonafide [<xref rid="B21-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
,<xref rid="B22-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>
,<xref rid="B23-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>
,<xref rid="B24-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>
,<xref rid="B25-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>
], azonafide [<xref rid="B26-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>
,<xref rid="B27-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>
,<xref rid="B28-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>
], DMP-840 [<xref rid="B29-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>
] and elinafide (Lu-79553) [<xref rid="B30-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>
,<xref rid="B31-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>
] exhibit intercalating properties [<xref rid="B21-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
,<xref rid="B22-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>
]. However, the clinical use of these compounds has been limited due to their low therapeutic indices as well as poor water-solubility [<xref rid="B32-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>
]. In order to improve therapeutic properties of naphthalimides, many efforts have been undertaken towards synthesizing novel derivatives with higher activity and lower toxicity.</p>
<p>The concept of combining two pharmacophoric fragments of biologically active compounds into a single molecule is commonly applied aiming at improvement of activities and eventually to avoid serious side effects of the known candidates. Having this idea in mind several structural analogues of amonafide have been synthesized over the years (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="molecules-21-01420-f001">Figure 1</xref>
).</p>
<p>Qian and Li reported the synthesis of 6-(1,2,3-triazole)-1,8-naphthalimides <bold>1</bold>
 and proved their cytotoxic activity [<xref rid="B33-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>
]. Furthermore, 5-substituted analogues <bold>2</bold>
 were also obtained and their cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HeLa and 7721 cells was evaluated [<xref rid="B34-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>
]. Among all tested compounds <bold>2</bold>
, derivatives having a 2-(<italic>N</italic>
,<italic>N</italic>
-dimethylamino)ethyl group at the imide nitrogen and phenyl at C4 in the 1,2,3-triazole ring or alternatively lacking this substituent were found the most active (IC<sub>50</sub>
 in the 0.258–0.725 μM range) with inhibition abilities higher than that of amonafide, used as a control. On the other hand, antifungal and antimicrobial properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives <bold>3</bold>
 were examined and several compounds exhibited even better activity against some tested strains than orbifloxacin, chloromycin and fluconazole used as reference drugs [<xref rid="B35-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>
]. Among bis(1,2,3-triazole)-conjugates of naphthalimides <bold>4</bold>
, a derivative substituted with 3,4-dichlorophenyl groups exhibited better inhibitory activity toward <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>
 than norfloxacin and chloromycin with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1 μg/mL [<xref rid="B36-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>
].</p>
<p>These achievements prompted us to propose a new modification at the imide nitrogen of amonafide <bold>14</bold>
–<bold>17</bold>
 by installation of N1-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles decorated at the end of the alkyl chain with phosphonoalkyl groups. We aimed to understand the influence of the phosphonate group on the biological activity of the designed amonafide analogues. On the other hand, compounds <bold>14</bold>
–<bold>17</bold>
 resemble analogues of acyclic nucleotides in which the phosphate group is replaced with a phosphonate moiety and a naphthalimide fragment serves as a modified nucleobase. Thus, in principle compounds <bold>14</bold>
–<bold>17</bold>
 may primarily act as intercalators (through a naphthalimide ring) but also by a phosphonate activation and termination of DNA/RNA synthesis.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec2-molecules-21-01420"><title>2. Results and Discussion</title>
<sec id="sec2dot1-molecules-21-01420"><title>2.1. Chemistry</title>
<p>The synthetic strategy to the 1,2,3-triazole-containing naphthalimide derivatives <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
–<bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 is presented in <xref ref-type="scheme" rid="molecules-21-01420-sch001">Scheme 1</xref>
 and <xref ref-type="scheme" rid="molecules-21-01420-sch002">Scheme 2</xref>
. The syntheses of alkynes <bold>7</bold>
 [<xref rid="B37-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>
,<xref rid="B38-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>
,<xref rid="B39-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>
] and <bold>8</bold>
 [<xref rid="B40-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>
,<xref rid="B41-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>
,<xref rid="B42-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>
] have been previously described. For the purpose of this project both <bold>7</bold>
 and <bold>8</bold>
 were obtained following the known procedure described for <bold>8</bold>
 [<xref rid="B41-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>
], although it appeared to be a new approach to the preparation of a compound <bold>7</bold>
. The alkynes <bold>11</bold>
 and <bold>12</bold>
 were synthesized from commercially available 1,8-naphthalimic anhydride <bold>5</bold>
 as shown in <xref ref-type="scheme" rid="molecules-21-01420-sch001">Scheme 1</xref>
. The nitration of the anhydride <bold>5</bold>
 provided <bold>9</bold>
 [<xref rid="B43-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">43</xref>
] which was then reduced to give a compound <bold>10</bold>
 [<xref rid="B44-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>
]. The subsequent propargylation of <bold>9</bold>
 and <bold>10</bold>
 afforded the alkynes <bold>11</bold>
 and <bold>12</bold>
, respectively. Azidophosphonates <bold>13a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 [<xref rid="B45-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>
,<xref rid="B46-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>
,<xref rid="B47-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>
,<xref rid="B48-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>
,<xref rid="B49-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>
,<xref rid="B50-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>
] were previously obtained and fully characterized in our laboratory. The Cu(I)-catalyzed Hüisgen dipolar cycloaddition of <italic>N</italic>
-propargyl derivatives <bold>7</bold>
–<bold>8</bold>
/<bold>11</bold>
–<bold>12</bold>
 and the respective azidoalkylphosphonates <bold>13a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 [<xref rid="B45-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>
,<xref rid="B46-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>
,<xref rid="B47-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>
,<xref rid="B48-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>
,<xref rid="B49-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>
,<xref rid="B50-molecules-21-01420" ref-type="bibr">50</xref>
] allowed to construct naphthalimides <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
–<bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 having various phosphonoalkyl groups regioselectively installed at N-1 of the 1,2,3-triazole subunit (<xref ref-type="scheme" rid="molecules-21-01420-sch002">Scheme 2</xref>
). The chromatographic purification or crystallization gave pure <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
–<bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 in good to excellent yields. Their structures and purities were established by <sup>1</sup>
H, <sup>13</sup>
C and <sup>31</sup>
P NMR and IR techniques as well as by elemental analyses.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec2dot2-molecules-21-01420"><title>2.2. Antiviral Activity and Cytostatic/Cytotoxic Evaluation</title>
<p>Phosphonates <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
–<bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 were evaluated for their antiviral activities against a wide variety of DNA and RNA viruses using the following cell-based assays: (a) human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures: herpes simplex virus-1 (KOS strain), herpes simplex virus-2 (G strain), vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus-1 (TK<sup>−</sup>
 KOS ACV<sup>r</sup>
) and adenovirus-2, cytomegalovirus (AD-169 stain and Davis stains) and varicella-zoster virus (TK+ VZV stain and TK<sup>−</sup>
 VZV stain); (b) HeLa cell cultures: vesicular stomatitis virus, Coxsackie virus B4 and respiratory syncytial virus; (c) Vero cell cultures: para-influenza-3 virus, reovirus-1, Sindbis virus, Coxsackie virus B4, Punta Toro virus; (d) Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cell cultures: feline corona virus (FIPV) and feline herpes virus (FHV) and (e) Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell cultures: influenza A virus H1N1 subtype, influenza A virus H3N2 subtype and influenza B virus. Ganciclovir, cidofovir, acyclovir, brivudin, (<italic>S</italic>
)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine [(<italic>S</italic>
)-DHPA], <italic>Hippeastrum</italic>
 hybrid agglutinin (HHA), <italic>Urticadioica</italic>
 agglutinin (UDA), dextran sulfate (molecular weight 5000, DS-5000), ribavirin, oseltamivir carboxylate, amantadine and rimantadine were used as the reference compounds. The antiviral activity was expressed as the EC<sub>50</sub>
: the compound concentration required to reduce virus-induced cytopathogenicity by 50% (other viruses).</p>
<p>Among the synthesized compounds, several phosphonates <bold>14</bold>
, <bold>15</bold>
 and <bold>16</bold>
 slightly inhibited the replication of both TK<sup>+</sup>
 and TK<sup>−</sup>
 VZV strains with EC<sub>50</sub>
 in the 27.6–91.5 μM range, however with lower potency than that of acyclovir and brivudine, used as reference drugs (<xref rid="molecules-21-01420-t001" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>
).</p>
<p>The cytotoxicity of the tested compounds toward the uninfected host cells was defined as the minimum cytotoxic concentration (MCC) that causes a microscopically detectable alteration of normal cell morphology. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC<sub>50</sub>
), causing a 50% decrease in cell viability was determined using a colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2<italic>H</italic>
-tetrazolium (MTS) assay system. None of the tested compounds affected cell morphology of HEL, HeLa, Vero, MDCK and CRFK cells at concentrations up to 100 μM.</p>
<p>The cytostatic activity of the tested compounds was defined as the 50% cytostatic inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>
) causing a 50% decrease in cell proliferation and was determined against murine leukaemia L1210, human lymphocyte CEM, human cervix carcinoma HeLa and human dermal microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells (<xref rid="molecules-21-01420-t002" ref-type="table">Table 2</xref>
).</p>
<p>Among all tested compounds 1,2,3-triazole-amonafide conjugates <bold>15a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 having a bromine atom at C6 of the naphthalimide unit were the most cystostatic toward the tested tumor cell lines at concentrations as low as 14 μM being especially effective for L1210 (IC<sub>50</sub>
 = 14–42 μM). Conjugates <bold>16a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 containing the nitro group at C5 were slightly less active and showed moderate cytostatic effects toward HeLa cells (IC<sub>50</sub>
 = 29–132 μM). The replacement of the nitro by an amino group at C5 of the naphthalimide skeleton resulted in the decrease or even loss of the inhibitory capacity of the respective analogues (<bold>15a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 vs. <bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
). Similarly, negligible inhibitory properties against the proliferation of the tested cell lines were noticed for the series of naphthalimide phosphonates <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 (R = H).</p>
<p>The presence of the 1,2,3-triazole unit seems to be necessary for cytostatic activity of the tested compounds since naphthalimides devoid of this moiety appeared inactive (<bold>11</bold>
 vs. <bold>16a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 and <bold>8</bold>
 vs. <bold>15a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
). However, it was found that a compound <bold>7</bold>
 moderately inhibited (IC<sub>50</sub>
 = 48 μM) the proliferation of HeLa cells while naphthalimides <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 could be considered inactive (IC<sub>50</sub>
 = 150–>250 μM). Among the 1,2,3-triazoles with phosphonate linkers [compounds <bold>16</bold>
 (nitro) and <bold>15</bold>
 (bromo)], the compounds with longer fragments are generally associated with the higher potency, e.g., <bold>16c</bold>
 and <bold>15c</bold>
 (trimethylene), <bold>15d</bold>
 (tetramethylene) and <bold>15h</bold>
 (CH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
OCH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
), the lowest activity being observed for <bold>16e</bold>
 and <bold>15e</bold>
 [CH(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>
] as well as for <bold>16i</bold>
 and <bold>15i</bold>
 [CH<sub>2</sub>
NHC(O)CH<sub>2</sub>
] with shorter fragments.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec3-molecules-21-01420"><title>3. Experimental Section</title>
<sec id="sec3dot1-molecules-21-01420"><title>3.1. General Information</title>
<p><sup>1</sup>
H-NMR spectra were taken in CDCl<sub>3</sub>
 or DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
 on the following spectrometers: Mercury-200 (Varian NMR INSTRUMENT, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and Avance III (600 MHz) (Bruker Instruments, Karlsruhe, Germany) with TMS as an internal standard; chemical shifts δ are given in ppm with respect to TMS and coupling constants <italic>J</italic>
 in Hz. <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR spectra were recorded for CDCl<sub>3</sub>
 or DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
 solutions on a Bruker Avance III (600 MHz) spectrometer at 151 MHz. <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR spectra were taken in CDCl<sub>3</sub>
 or DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
 on Varian Mercury-200 and Bruker Avance III at 81 and 243 MHz.</p>
<p>IR spectral data were measured on an Infinity MI-60 FT-IR spectrometer (ATI Instruments North America—Mattson, Medison, WI, USA). Melting points were determined on a Boetius apparatus and are uncorrected. Elemental analyses were performed by the Microanalytical Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy (Medical University of Lodz) on a PE 2400 CHNS analyser (Perkin Elmer Corp., Norwalk, CT, USA).</p>
<p>The following adsorbents were used: column chromatography, silica gel 60 (70–230 mesh, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany); analytical TLC, Merck TLC plastic sheets silica gel 60 F<sub>254</sub>
. TLC plates were developed in chloroform–methanol solvent systems. Visualization of spots was effected with iodine vapors. All solvents were purified by methods described in the literature.</p>
<p>All microwave irradiation experiments were carried out in a RM 800 microwave reactor (Plazmatronika, Wrocław, Poland).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec3dot2-molecules-21-01420"><title>3.2. Synthesis of 2-(Prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione <italic>(<bold>7</bold>
)</italic>
</title>
<p>A suspension of a compound <bold>5</bold>
 (1.00 mmol), propargyl amine (1.05 mmol) in ethanol (15 mL) was stirred at 78 °C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered to give pure <bold>7</bold>
 as a white powder. Yield 90%; m.p. 239–240 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3244, 3001, 2996, 1734, 1689, 1331, 780 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.65 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.24 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.1 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.78 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.1 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 4.97 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.5 Hz, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C≡CCH<sub>2</sub>
), 2.20 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.5 Hz, 2H, HC≡CC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec3dot3-molecules-21-01420"><title>3.3. Synthesis of 5-Nitro-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione <italic>(<bold>11</bold>
)</italic>
</title>
<p>A suspension of compound <bold>9</bold>
 (1.00 mmol), propargyl amine (1.05 mmol) in ethanol (15 mL) was stirred at 78 °C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature then filtered to give <bold>11</bold>
 as an orange powder which was pure to be used in the next step without further purification. Yield 90%; m.p. = 213–214 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3257, 3082, 3064, 2992, 1711, 1672, 1344, 789 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 9.30 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 9.11 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.78 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.40 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.91 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 4.97 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.5 Hz, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C≡CCH<sub>2</sub>
), 2.20 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.5 Hz, 2H, HC≡CC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 162.45, 161.99, 146.30, 137.18, 134.69, 131.38, 130.52, 129.99, 129.76, 124.03, 123.66, 122.61, 79.37, 73.81, 29.90. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>15</sub>
H<sub>8</sub>
N<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>4</sub>
: C, 64.29; H, 2.88; N, 10.00. Found: C, 64.33; H, 3.02; N, 9.95.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec3dot4-molecules-21-01420"><title>3.4. Synthesis of 5-Amino-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione <italic>(<bold>12</bold>
)</italic>
</title>
<p>A suspension of compound <bold>10</bold>
 (1.00 mmol), propargyl amine (1.05 mmol) in ethanol (15 mL) was stirred at 78 °C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered to give <bold>12</bold>
 as orange needles which were pure to be used in the next step without further purification. Yield 92%; m.p. ˃250 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3406, 3373, 3209, 2999, 1730, 1693, 1445, 782 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 8.11 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.06 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.99 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.63 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.31 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 6.04 (s, 2H, NH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.75 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C≡CCH<sub>2</sub>
), 3.13 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 2H, HC≡CC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 163.48, 163.31, 148.42, 134.09, 132.41, 127.49, 126.20, 122.65, 122.38, 121.86, 120.97, 112.65, 80.00, 73.26, 29.47. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>15</sub>
H<sub>10</sub>
N<sub>2</sub>
O<sub>2</sub>
: C, 71.99; H, 4.03; N, 11.19. Found: C, 71.74; H, 3.98; N, 10.96.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec3dot5-molecules-21-01420"><title>3.5. General Procedure for Copper(I)-Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reactions</title>
<p>To a solution of azidoalkylphosphonate <bold>13a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 (1.00 mmol) in EtOH (1.0 mL) and H<sub>2</sub>
O (1.0 mL), CuSO<sub>4</sub>
 × 5H<sub>2</sub>
O (0.10 mmol), sodium ascorbate (0.20 mmol) and the respective <italic>N</italic>
-propargyl naphthalimides <bold>7/8</bold>
–<bold>11/12</bold>
 (1.00 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was microwave irradiated at 35–40 °C for 15 min. After removal of solvents the residue was suspended in chloroform (5 mL), filtered through a layer of Celite and concentrated in vacuo. Crude products were purified on silica gel columns with chloroform–methanol mixtures (100:1 or 50:1, <italic>v</italic>
/<italic>v</italic>
) or crystallized from the appropriate solvents to give the 1,2,3-triazoles <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
–<bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl {4-[1,3-Dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>14a</bold>
): Yield 81% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 110–111 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3446, 3245, 3234, 2983, 2931, 1700, 1659, 1236, 1023, 782, cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.54 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.16 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.1 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.86 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.70 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.1 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 5.49 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.71 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 13.0 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.15–4.00 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 1.24 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.81, 144.18, 134.14, 131.63, 131.46, 128.24, 126.92, 124.27, 122.51, 63.46 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.6 Hz, POC), 45.83 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 155.3 Hz, PC), 35.18, 16.24 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.7 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 16.57 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>20</sub>
H<sub>21</sub>
N<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P: C, 56.08; H, 4.94; N, 13.08. Found: C, 56.21; H, 4.76; N, 12.84.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(1,3-Dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>14b</bold>
): Yield 79% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 63–64 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3422, 3245, 2981, 2927, 1701, 1659, 1588, 1237, 1026, 780 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.62 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.22 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.75 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.69 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.51 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.62–4.48 (m, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.12–3.98 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.46–2.29 (m, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.26 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.85, 143.77, 134.78, 131.63, 131.49, 128.23, 126.95, 123.52, 122.51, 62.10 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.5 Hz, POC), 44.47 (PC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.23, 27.29 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 143.0 Hz, PC), 16.32 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.9 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 26.30 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>21</sub>
H<sub>23</sub>
N<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P × 0.5H<sub>2</sub>
O: C, 55.87; H, 5.36; N, 12.41. Found: C, 55.93; H, 5.15; N, 12.38.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 3-{4-[(1,3-Dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}propylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>14c</bold>
): Yield 78% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 131–132 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3440, 3143, 2984, 1703, 1662, 1590, 1236, 1050, 785, 755 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.64 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.22 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.77 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.69 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.53 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.41 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.12–4.03 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.20 (dqu, <italic>J</italic>
 = 21.7 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.72 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 18.6 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.0 Hz, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.30 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.84, 143.52, 134.12, 131.64, 131.48, 128.25, 126.92, 123.40, 122.55, 61.74 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.5 Hz, POC), 50.02 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 15.5 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.25, 23.65 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.5 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 22.66 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 143.5 Hz, PC), 16.39 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.2 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 29.99 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>25</sub>
N<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P: C, 57.89; H, 5.52; N, 12.27. Found: C, 57.73; H, 5.23; N, 12.26.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 4-{4-[(1,3-Dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}butylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>14d</bold>
): Yield 85% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 131–132 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3399, 3142, 3073, 2982, 2875, 1702, 1663, 1626, 1590, 1236, 1031, 786 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.61 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.0 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.20 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.0 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.74 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.63 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.50 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.30 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 2H, PCCCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.13–3.95 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.00 (qu, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 2H, PCCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.80–1.49 (m, 4H, PCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
 and PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.30 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.88, 143.73, 134.11, 131.63, 131.46, 128.25, 126.92, 123.13 122.56, 61.54 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, 2 × POC), 49.63, 35.27, 30.76 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 15.9 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 25.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 141.9 Hz, PC), 19.72 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.5 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 16.41 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 31.78 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>23</sub>
H<sub>27</sub>
N<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P: C, 58.72; H, 5.78; N, 11.91. Found: C, 58.66; H, 5.64; N, 11.86.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(1,3-Dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>14e</bold>
): Yield 80% (after crystallization from a methanol–diethyl ether mixture). A white solid; m.p. 186–188 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3300, 3192, 2983, 1704, 1690, 1221, 1040, 1024, 787 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.59 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.8 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.19 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.8 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.85 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.75 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 5.51 (AB, <italic>J</italic>
 = 14.5 Hz, 1H, C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>a</sub>
H<sub>b</sub>
), 5.49 (AB, <italic>J</italic>
 = 14.5 Hz, 1H, CH<sub>a</sub>
<italic>H</italic>
<sub>b</sub>
), 4.78 (ddd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 14.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.5 Hz, 1H, PCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>a</sub>
H<sub>b</sub>
), 4.38 (ddd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 14.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 9.6 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.5 Hz, 1H, PCCH<sub>a</sub>
<italic>H</italic>
<sub>b</sub>
), 4.35 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 9.6 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.5 Hz, 1H, PCH), 4.22–4.11 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 1.35 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 3H, POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
), 1.32 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 3H, POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.74, 143.38, 134.04, 131.50, 131.35, 128.07, 126.87, 124.98, 122.2, 67.19 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 164.6 Hz, PC), 63.58 and 63.24 (2 × d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.6 Hz, 2 × POC), 51.57 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 9.1 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.20, 16.42 and 16.38 (2 × d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, 2 × POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 19.89 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>21</sub>
H<sub>23</sub>
N<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 55.02; H, 5.06; N, 12.22. Found: C, 55.10; H, 4.88; N, 12.22.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 3-{4-[(1,3-Dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}-2-hydroxypropylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>14f</bold>
): Yield 90% (after crystallization from a methanol–diethyl ether mixture). A white solid; m.p. >260 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3430, 3148, 2986, 2930, 1776, 1740, 1237, 1029, 755 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.60 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.9 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.20 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.9 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.82 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.73 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 5.51 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.55–4.27 (m, 3H, PCCCH<sub>2</sub>
, OH), 4.19–3.96 (m, 5H, PCCH, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.06–1.67 (m, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
), 1.32 and 1.26 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 3H, POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.83, 143.63, 134.07, 131.59, 131.44, 128.21, 126.90, 124.85, 122.53, 65.62 (d, <italic>J =</italic>
 3.0 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 62.21 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.4 Hz, POC), 62.18 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.4 Hz, POC), 55.72 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 16.6 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.26, 30.59 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 139.8 Hz, PC), 16.30 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, 2 × POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 29.28 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>25</sub>
N<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 55.93; H, 5.33; N, 11.86. Found: C, 55.79; H, 5.14; N, 11.86.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(1,3-Dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethoxy-methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>14g</bold>
): Yield 82% (after crystallization from a methanol–diethyl ether mixture). A white solid; m.p. 154–155 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3319, 3148, 3068, 3988, 2980, 2908, 1704, 1662, 1590, 1237, 1029, 784, 756 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.60 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.0 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.19 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.0 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.77 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.74 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 5.50 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.50 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.9 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
OCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.15–4.00 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
) 3.95 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.9 Hz, 2H, PCOC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
), 3.74 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
O), 1.28 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.82, 143.76, 134.09, 131.63, 131.43, 128.24, 126.92, 123.90, 122.57, 71.35 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 10.1 Hz, PCO<italic>C</italic>
), 65.36 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 166.3 Hz, PC), 62.40 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.5 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 50.02, 35.25, 16.42 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, 2 × POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 21.16 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>25</sub>
N<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 55.93; H, 5.33; N, 11.86. Found: C, 55.90; H, 5.28; N, 11.84.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-(2-{4-[(1,3-Dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethoxy)ethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>14h</bold>
): Yield 79% (after crystallization from a methanol–diethyl ether mixture). A white solid; m.p. 156–158 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3352, 3144, 2985, 2932, 2906, 1703, 1662, 1237, 1028, 785, 754 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.60 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.9 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.22 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.9 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.78 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.74 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 5.59 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.47 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.3 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
OCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.11–3.97 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 3.77 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.3 Hz, 2H, PCCOC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
), 3.64 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 11.8 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.6 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
O), 2.03 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 18.7 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.6 Hz, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
O), 1.28 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.86, 143.56, 134.07, 131.63, 131.44, 128.25, 126.92, 124.28, 122.60, 68.90, 65.23 (PC<italic>C</italic>
O), 61.65 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 50.06, 35.27, 26.33 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 138.9 Hz, PC), 16.39 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.1 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 28.75 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>23</sub>
H<sub>27</sub>
N<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 56.79; H, 5.59; N, 11.52. Found: C, 56.72; H, 5.42; N, 11.70.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(1,3-Dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}acetamido-methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>14i</bold>
): Yield 91% (after column chromatography with chloroform–methanol mixtures (100:1 or 50:1, <italic>v</italic>
/<italic>v</italic>
)). A white powder; m.p. 170–171 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3355, 2974, 2930, 1660, 1626, 1237, 1050, 782 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.51 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.12 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.80 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.66 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 2H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.49 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.9 Hz, 1H, NHCO), 5.44 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 5.01 (s, 2H), 4.06–3.92 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 3.62 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 12.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.9 Hz, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
NH), 1.17 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 165.24 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.5 Hz, C=O), 163.82, 144.09, 134.15, 131.60, 131.48, 128.20, 126.93, 124.93, 122.47, 62.84 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.5 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 52.56, 35.17, 34.97 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 156.5 Hz, PC), 16.28 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.6 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 22.21 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>24</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 54.43; H, 4.98; N, 14.43. Found: C, 54.38; H, 4.82; N, 14.35.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl {4-[(6-Bromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>15a</bold>
): Yield 82% (after column chromatography with chloroform–methanol mixtures (100:1 and 50:1, <italic>v</italic>
/<italic>v</italic>
)). A white powder; m.p. 158–159 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3334, 3052, 3008, 2989, 2967, 1711, 1670, 1222, 1032, 757 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.67 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.8 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.59 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.5 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.46 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.8 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.05 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.8 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.88 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.86 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.5 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.8 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 5.53 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.74 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 13.0 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.15–4.00 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 1.29 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.24, 163.21, 143.87, 133.49, 132.28, 131.46, 131.13, 130.68, 130.52, 129.07, 128.08, 124.30, 122.94, 122.07, 63.45 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.4 Hz, POC), 45.63 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 156.4 Hz, PC), 35.26, 16.25 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.8 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 16.65 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>20</sub>
H<sub>20</sub>
BrN<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P: C, 47.35; H, 3.97; N, 11.04. Found: C, 47.31; H, 3.73; N, 10.99.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-(6-Bromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>15b</bold>
): Yield 80% (after crystallization from ethyl acetate). A white solid; m.p. 132–134 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3400, 3352, 3308, 2985, 2932, 1703, 1666, 1232, 1026, 779, 750 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.61 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.50 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.37 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.98 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.78 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.64 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.48 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.57–4.43 (m, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.07–3.93 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.41–2.29 (m, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.21 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.15, 163.14, 143.43, 133.42, 132.22, 131.38, 131.09, 130.58, 130.48, 128.94, 128.06, 123.58, 122.85, 121.98, 62.09 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.5 Hz, POC), 44.48 (PC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.28, 27.26 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 141.0 Hz, PC), 16.32 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.8 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 26.28 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>21</sub>
H<sub>22</sub>
BrN<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P: C, 48.38; H, 4.25; N, 10.75. Found: C, 48.07; H, 4.10; N, 10.62.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 3-{4-[(6-Bromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}propylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>15c</bold>
): Yield 76% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 118–120 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3404, 2990, 2942, 2829, 1705, 1666, 1590, 1234, 1047, 1029, 752 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.68 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.56 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.42 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.04 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.84 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.67 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.49 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.40 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.15–3.96 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.18 (dqu, <italic>J</italic>
 = 21.0 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.72 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 18.9 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.0 Hz, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.28 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.29, 163.26, 143.50, 133.49, 132.31, 131.47, 131.12, 130.68, 130.51, 129.09, 128.08, 123.48, 122.97, 122.10, 61.76 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.5 Hz, POC), 50.02 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 15.1 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.32, 23.64 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.5 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 22.66 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 143.5 Hz, PC), 16.40 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.7 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 30.85 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>24</sub>
BrN<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P: C, 49.36; H, 4.52; N, 10.47. Found: C, 49.25; H, 4.44; N, 10.45.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 4-{4-[(6-Bromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}butylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>15d</bold>
): Yield 88% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 110–112 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3357, 2982, 2938, 2909, 2875, 1794, 1703, 1024, 962 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.67 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.57 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.42 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.04 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.84 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.63 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.48 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.31 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 2H, PCCCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.12–3.97 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.12–1.90 (m, 2H, PCCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.84–1.49 (m, 4H, PCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
 and PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.30 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.25, 163.22, 143.41, 133.43, 132.26, 131.43, 131.09, 130.65, 130.50, 129.05, 128.06, 123.17, 122.96, 122.08, 61.54 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.6 Hz, 2 × POC), 49.64, 35.33, 30.74 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 13.6 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 24.95 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 143.5 Hz, PC), 19.71 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.5 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 16.40 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 31.77 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>23</sub>
H<sub>26</sub>
BrN<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P: C, 50.29; H, 4.77; N, 10.20. Found: C, 50.11; H, 4.62; N, 10.00.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(6-Bromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>15e</bold>
): Yield 80% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 198–200 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3261, 2987, 2933, 2909, 1704, 1665, 1234, 1046, 1023, 753 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.50 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.44 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.26 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.94 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.88 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.75 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 5.41 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.79 (ddd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 11.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.3 Hz, 1H, PCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>a</sub>
H<sub>b</sub>
), 4.46 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 9.9 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.3 Hz, 1H, PCH), 4.38 (ddd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 11.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 9.9 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.0 Hz, 1H, PCCH<sub>a</sub>
<italic>H</italic>
<sub>b</sub>
), 4.21–4.06 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 1.31 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 3H, POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
), 1.29 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 3H, POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.09, 163.00, 143.05, 133.36, 132.15, 131.31, 131.07, 130.45, 128.78, 128.02, 126.87, 125.10, 122.73, 121.87, 67.20 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 164.6 Hz, PC), 63.40 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.6 Hz, POC), 63.25 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.6 Hz, POC), 51.64 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 9.1 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.27, 16.44 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
), 16.40 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 20.91 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>21</sub>
H<sub>22</sub>
BrN<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 46.94; H, 4.13; N, 10.43. Found: C, 47.07; H, 3.91; N, 10.48.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 3-{4-[(6-Bromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}-2-hydroxypropylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>15f</bold>
): Yield 85% (after crystallization from a methanol–diethyl ether mixture). A white solid; m.p. 152–153 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3330, 3155, 2986, 2909, 1704, 1664, 1234, 1027, 752 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.54 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.5 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.0 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.48 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.5 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.0 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.29 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.96 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.90 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.65 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.5 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.5 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 5.49 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.52–4.17 (m, 3H, PCCCH<sub>2</sub>
, OH), 4.16–3.95 (m, 5H, PCCH, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.10–1.60 (m, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
), 1.33 and 1.29 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 3H, POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.30, 163.28, 143.33, 133.47, 132.31, 131.47, 131.12, 130.64, 130.50, 129.05, 128.07, 124.95, 122.94, 122.07, 65.61 (d, <italic>J =</italic>
 4.4 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 62.30 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC), 62.20 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC), 55.75 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 17.6 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.34, 30.59 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 141.8 Hz, PC), 16.30 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, 2 × POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 29.21 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>24</sub>
BrN<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 47.93; H, 4.39; N, 10.16. Found: C, 47.94; H, 4.50; N, 10.16.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(6-Bromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethoxy-methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>15g</bold>
): Yield 90% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 127–128 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3441, 3148, 3087, 2985, 2935, 2908, 1704, 1665, 1234, 1027, 751 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.51 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.47 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.45 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.99 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.74 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.70 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.49 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.49 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.1 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
OCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.18–3.98 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 3.94 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.1 Hz, 2H, PCOC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
), 3.70 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.1 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
O), 1.30 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.25, 163.23, 143.32, 133.44, 132.26, 131.43, 131.19, 130.67, 130.45, 129.08, 128.08, 124.21, 123.00, 122.13, 71.32 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 9.1 Hz, PCO<italic>C</italic>
), 65.16 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 166.1 Hz, PC), 62.47 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.3 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 50.03, 35.32, 16.44 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.4 Hz, 2 × POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 21.17 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>24</sub>
BrN<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 47.93; H, 4.39; N, 10.16. Found: C, 48.07; H, 4.10; N, 9.97.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-(2-{4-[(6-Bromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethoxy)ethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>15h</bold>
): Yield 86% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 92–93 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3145, 3086, 2984, 2930, 2907, 2876, 1704, 1666, 1234, 1047, 751 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.72 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.0 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.55 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.0 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.49 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.10 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.84 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.76 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.52 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.49 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.3 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
OCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.18–3.95 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 3.79 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.3 Hz, 2H, PCCOC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
), 3.56 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 12.0 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.5 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
O), 2.03 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 18.4 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.5 Hz, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
O), 1.25 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 163.27, 163.25, 143.28, 133.40, 132.26, 131.43, 131.11, 130.66, 130.42, 129.09, 128.07, 124.31, 123.03, 122.16, 68.97, 65.24 (PC<italic>C</italic>
O), 61.63 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.7 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 50.08, 35.36, 26.10 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 140.1 Hz, PC), 16.40 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 28.76 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>23</sub>
H<sub>26</sub>
BrN<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 48.86; H, 4.64; N, 9.91. Found: C, 48.83; H, 4.56; N, 10.10.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(6-Bromo-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}acetamido-methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>15i</bold>
): Yield 88% (after column chromatography with chloroform–methanol mixtures (100:1 or 50:1, <italic>v</italic>
/<italic>v</italic>
)). A white solid; m.p. 173–174 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3240, 3148, 3071, 2987, 2932, 1703, 1665, 1234, 1025, 752 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.52 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.8 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.42 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.8 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.39 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.84 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.80 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.40 (brt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.9 Hz, 1H, NHCO), 5.56 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 5.01 (s, 2H), 4.16–3.98 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 3.62 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 12.4 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
NH), 1.12 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 165.26 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.5 Hz, C=O), 163.25, 163.24, 143.76, 133.49, 132.29, 131.45, 131.12, 130.62, 130.54, 128.99, 128.07, 125.02, 122.85, 121.98, 62.87 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.6 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 52.57, 35.25, 35.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 155.4 Hz, PC), 16.30 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.4 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 22.29 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>23</sub>
BrN<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 46.82; H, 4.11; N, 12.41. Found: C, 46.62; H, 3.90; N, 12.11.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl {4-[(5-Nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>16a</bold>
): Yield 71% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 147–148 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3335, 2988, 2939, 1698, 1711, 1670, 1244, 1110, 790, 757 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 9.24 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 9.07 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.73 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.4 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.36 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.4 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.88 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.4 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.4 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.84 ( s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.47 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.66 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 13.1 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.13–3.98 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 1.22 (2 × t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 162.70, 162.17, 146.36, 143.43, 135.78, 134.68, 131.05, 130.23, 129.12, 129.11, 124.52, 124.39, 124.35, 123.04, 63.50 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.6 Hz, POC), 45.36 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 155.6 Hz, PC), 35.47, 16.27 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.6 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 16.50 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>20</sub>
H<sub>20</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>7</sub>
P: C, 50.74; H, 4.26; N, 14.79. Found: C, 50.73; H, 3.99; N, 14.93.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(5-Nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>16b</bold>
): Yield 88% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). White needles; m.p. 170–171 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3284, 3142, 3079, 2934, 2910, 1713, 1667, 1244, 790, 703 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 9.26 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 9.08 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.74 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.38 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.89 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.68 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.46 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.58–4.45 (m, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.09–3.94 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.42‒2.24 (m, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.23 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 162.74, 162.23, 146.40, 143.04, 135.77, 134.72, 131.06, 130.25, 129.13, 129.13, 124.54, 124.46, 123.61, 123.07, 62.14 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC), 44.55 (PC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.50, 27.30 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 140.4 Hz, PC), 16.34 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.7 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 26.23 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>21</sub>
H<sub>22</sub>
N<sub>4</sub>
O<sub>7</sub>
P: C, 51.75; H, 4.55; N, 14.37. Found: C, 51.54; H, 4.43; N, 14.17.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 3-{4-[(5-Nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}propylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>16c</bold>
): Yield 80% (after crystallization from ethyl acetate). A white solid; m.p. 113–114 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3404, 3084, 2982, 2943, 1712, 1671, 1597, 1244, 1112, 1029, 791, 758 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 9.32 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 9.13 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.80 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.43 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.94 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.71 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.52 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.41 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.15–3.97 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.30–2.08 (m, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), ), 1.80–1.60 (m, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.29 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 162.76, 162.25, 146.37, 143.06, 135.77, 134.74, 131.07, 130.26, 129.11, 129.11, 124.56, 124.43, 123.39, 123.08, 61.79 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC), 50.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 15.1 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.50, 23.64 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.4 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 22.46 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 143.5 Hz, PC), 16.40 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.4 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 30.84 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>24</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>7</sub>
P: C, 52.70; H, 4.82; N, 13.97. Found: C, 52.75; H, 4.93; N, 14.01.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 4-{4-[(5-Nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}butylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>16d</bold>
): Yield 82% (after crystallization from ethyl an acetate–hexane mixture). White needles; m.p. 150–151 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3369, 3145, 3082, 2987, 1711, 1670, 1243, 1027, 791, 754 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 9.31 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 9.13 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.79 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.4 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.42 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.94 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.4 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.67 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.52 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.30 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 2H, PCCCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.13–3.95 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.07–1.92 (m, 2H, PCCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.82–1.53 (m, 4H, PCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
 and PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.28 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 162.75, 162.25, 146.38, 142.99, 135.73, 134.72, 131.06, 130.27, 129.11, 129.09, 124.59, 124.44, 123.28, 123.11, 61.59 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.6 Hz, 2 × POC), 49.71, 35.52, 30.76 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 15.8 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 25.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 141.9 Hz, PC), 19.72 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.9 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 16.41 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 31.73 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>23</sub>
H<sub>26</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>7</sub>
P: C, 53.59; H, 5.08; N, 13.59. Found: C, 53.56; H, 4.92; N, 13.55.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(5-Nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>16e</bold>
): Yield 83% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 212–213 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3302, 3130, 2973, 1710, 1694, 1228, 1027, 789 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 9.30 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 9.13 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.79 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.42 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.94 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.85 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.52 (AB, <italic>J</italic>
 = 14.2 Hz, 1H, C<italic>H<sub>a</sub>
</italic>
H<sub>b</sub>
), 5.49 (AB, <italic>J</italic>
 = 14.2 Hz, 1H, CH<sub>a</sub>
<italic>H<sub>b</sub>
</italic>
), 4.76 (ddd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 13.8 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.8 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.6 Hz, 1H, PCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>a</sub>
H<sub>b</sub>
), 4.52–4.27 (m, 2H, PCCH<sub>a</sub>
<italic>H</italic>
<sub>b</sub>
, PCH), 4.26–4.08 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 1.34 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 3H, POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
), 1.32 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 3H, POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 162.74, 162.21, 146.38, 142.78, 135.73, 134.70, 131.04, 130.23, 129.12, 129.08, 124.98, 124.55, 124.41, 123.08, 67.15 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 164.6 Hz, PC), 63.46 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.6 Hz, POC), 63.24 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.6 Hz, POC), 51.55 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 9.1 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.51, 16.44 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
), 16.40 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 20.63 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>21</sub>
H<sub>22</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>8</sub>
P: C, 50.10; H, 4.40; N, 13.91. Found: C, 55.02; H, 4.14; N, 13.86.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 3-{4-[(5-Nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}-2-hydroxypropylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>16f</bold>
): Yield 86% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A white solid; m.p. 176–177 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3279, 3135, 3080, 2986, 2931, 2830, 1709, 1667, 1232, 1033, 799, 755 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 9.31 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 9.13 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.79 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.4 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.43 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.94 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.4 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.86 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.53 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.56–4.31 (m, 3H, PCCCH<sub>2</sub>
, OH), 4.18–4.00 (m, 5H, PCCH, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.06–1.74 (m, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
), 1.31 and 1.30 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 3H, POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 162.75, 162.22, 146.39, 142.92, 135.70, 134.70, 131.06, 130.27, 129.09, 129.06, 124.96, 124.60, 124.44, 123.12, 65.59 (d, <italic>J =</italic>
 3.0 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 62.32 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.4 Hz, POC), 62.26 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.4 Hz, POC), 55.75 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 16.6 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.55, 30.56 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 140.4 Hz, PC), 16.36 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
), 16.32 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 29.28 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>24</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>8</sub>
P: C, 51.07; H, 4.68; N, 13.53. Found: C, 51.18; H, 4.43; N, 13.77.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(5-Nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethoxy-methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>16g</bold>
): Yield 82% (after crystallization from an ethyl acetate–hexane mixture). A yellow powder; m.p. 89–90 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3397, 3019, 1712, 1672, 1215, 1048, 757 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 9.30 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 9.12 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.78 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.44 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.94 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.82 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.51 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.52 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.8 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
OCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.18–4.04 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
) 3.95 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.8 Hz, 2H, PCOC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
), 3.75 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
O), 1.31 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 162.72, 162.21, 146.36, 142.92, 135.72, 134.67, 131.04, 130.26, 129.10, 129.07, 124.60, 124.37, 124.31, 123.11, 71.32 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 10.6 Hz, PCO<italic>C</italic>
), 65.34 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 166.1 Hz, PC), 62.50 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.5 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 50.04, 35.52, 16.46 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, 2 × POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 21.15 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>24</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>8</sub>
P: C, 51.07; H, 4.68; N, 13.53. Found: C, 51.10; H, 4.39; N, 13.62.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-(2-{4-[(5-Nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethoxy)ethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>16h</bold>
): Yield 89%; (after column chromatography with chloroform–methanol mixtures (100:1 or 50:1, <italic>v</italic>
/<italic>v</italic>
)). A yellow oil; IR (film): ν = 3363, 3018, 2992, 1711, 1670, 1216, 1053, 755 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 9.30 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 9.12 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.78 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.42 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.93 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.82 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.52 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.48 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.3 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
OCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.12–3.98 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 3.78 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.3 Hz, 2H, PCCOC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
), 3.66 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 12.1 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.6 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
O), 2.05 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 18.9 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.6 Hz, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
O), 1.29 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 162.76, 162.25, 146.40, 142.86, 135.67, 134.68, 131.06, 130.29, 129.10, 129.03, 124.65, 124.40, 124.37, 123.17, 68.96, 65.25 (PC<italic>C</italic>
O), 61.68 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 50.13, 35.57, 26.87 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 140.4 Hz, PC), 16.41 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.1 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 28.70 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>23</sub>
H<sub>26</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>8</sub>
P: C, 51.98; H, 4.93; N, 13.18. Found: C, 51.70; H, 4.67; N, 13.15.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(5-Nitro-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}acetamido-methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>16i</bold>
): Yield 91%. A white powder; m.p. 217–219 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3287, 3075, 2986, 2854, 1709, 1687, 1229, 1031, 758 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 9.51 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 9.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.82 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.5 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.6 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.72 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.6 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.70 (brt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.8 Hz, 1H, NH), 8.09 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.5 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.03 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 5.36 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 5.10 (s, 2H), 4.19–3.97 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 3.59 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 11.8 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
NH), 1.19 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 165.93 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.2 Hz, C=O), 162.97, 162.51, 146.36, 142.85, 137.00, 134.60, 131.39, 130.37, 130.04, 129.76, 125.41, 124.35, 123.57, 122.91, 62.30 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.5 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 51.87, 35.97, 34.65 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 155.5 Hz, PC), 16.65 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.6 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 22.27 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>23</sub>
N<sub>6</sub>
O<sub>8</sub>
P: C, 49.82; H, 4.37; N, 15.84. Found: C, 49.88; H, 4.07; N, 15.64.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl {4-[(5-Amino-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>17a</bold>
): Yield 75% (after column chromatography with chloroform–methanol mixtures (100:1 and 50:1, <italic>v</italic>
/<italic>v</italic>
)). A yellow oil; IR (film): ν = 3430, 3352, 3234, 2983, 2932, 1698, 1660, 1623, 1236, 1020, 784, 748 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 8.10 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.07 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.95 ( s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.64 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.32 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 6.01 (s, 2H, NH<sub>2</sub>
), 5.30 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 5.01 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 12.9 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.05–3.98 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 1.19 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 164.00, 163.82, 148.41, 143.74, 134.10, 132.23, 127.46, 126.08, 124.85, 122.91, 122.35, 122.11, 121.11, 112.45, 63.02 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.3 Hz, POC), 45.10 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 150.3 Hz, PC), 35.51, 16.47 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.8 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 17.22 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>20</sub>
H<sub>22</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P: C, 54.18; H, 5.00; N, 15.80. Found: C, 54.36; H, 4.83; N, 15.84.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(5-Amino-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>17b</bold>
): Yield 75% (after column chromatography with chloroform–methanol mixtures (100:1 and 50:1, <italic>v</italic>
/<italic>v</italic>
)). A yellow oil; IR (film): ν = 3443, 3356, 3233, 3147, 3063, 2986, 1698, 1661, 1626, 1220, 1027, 784, 752 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (200 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.26 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.98 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.4 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.86 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.70 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.54 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.22 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.4 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 5.46 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.62–4.49 (m, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.30 (s, 2H, NH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.12–3.97 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.47–2.30 (m, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.26 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 164.13, 163.84, 145.81, 143.92, 133.37, 131.85, 127.25, 126.92, 123.70, 123.02, 122.26, 122.19, 122.02, 113.90, 62.12 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.4 Hz, POC), 44.49 (PC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.15, 27.23 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 141.4 Hz, PC), 16.32 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.7 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (81 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 26.33 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>21</sub>
H<sub>24</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P: C, 55.14; H, 5.29; N, 15.31. Found: C, 55.36; H, 5.06; N, 15.25.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 3-{4-[(5-Amino-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}propylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>17c</bold>
): Yield 79% (after column chromatography with chloroform–methanol mixtures (100:1 and 50:1, <italic>v</italic>
/<italic>v</italic>
)). A white powder; m.p. 180–182 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3451, 3343, 3235, 3148, 3067, 2986, 1700, 1652, 1619, 1222, 1029, 794, 759 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.28 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.8 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.87 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.8 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.70 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.56 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.23 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 5.49 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.42 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.33 (s, 2H, NH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.11–4.04 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.21 (dqu, <italic>J</italic>
 = 18.6 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.73 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 18.6 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.7 Hz, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.30 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 164.01, 163.83, 148.37, 143.72, 134.07, 132.14, 127.43, 126.05, 123.71, 122.96, 122.33, 122.16, 122.15, 112.40, 61.52 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.7 Hz, POC), 49.77 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 15.2 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.68, 23.83 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 3.5 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 22.32 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 143.2 Hz, PC), 16.65 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.5 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 30.01 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>26</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P: C, 56.05; H, 5.56; N, 14.86. Found: C, 55.80; H, 5.41; N, 14.60.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 4-{4-[(5-Amino-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}butylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>17d</bold>
): Yield 70% (after column chromatography with chloroform–methanol mixtures (100:1 and 50:1, <italic>v</italic>
/<italic>v</italic>
)). A yellow powder; m.p. 218–220 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3451, 3343, 3235, 3148, 3067, 2986, 1700, 1652, 1619, 1222, 1029, 794, 759 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.28 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.8 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.87 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 0.8 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.70 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.56 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.23 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 5.49 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.42 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 2H, PCCCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
),4.33 (s, 2H, NH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.20–4.00 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 2.02 (qu, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 2H, PCCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.80–1.60 (m, 4H, PCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
 and PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 1.30 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 163.99, 163.81, 148.39, 143.61, 134.08, 132.15, 127.42, 126.04, 123.55, 122.97, 122.34, 122.17, 121.14, 112.38, 61.26 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.0 Hz, 2 × POC), 49.16, 35.67, 30.64 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 16.0 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 24.28 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 138.9 Hz, PC), 19.62 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.7 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 16.69 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.7 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 30.91 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>23</sub>
H<sub>28</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>5</sub>
P: C, 56.90; H, 5.81; N, 14.43. Found: C, 56.95; H, 5.75; N, 14.69.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(5-Amino-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>17e</bold>
): Yield 80% (after crystallization from a methanol–diethyl ether mixture). A white powder; m.p. 170–172 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3420, 3330, 3233, 3154, 2982, 1700, 1650, 1620, 1228, 1049, 1016, 797, 757 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 8.10 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.05 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.00 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.99 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.63 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.30 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.3 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 6.00 (s, 2H, NH<sub>2</sub>
), 5.28 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.52 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 14.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 3.7 Hz, 1H, PCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>a</sub>
H<sub>b</sub>
), 4.38 (ddd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 14.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 10.1 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 1H, PCCH<sub>a</sub>
<italic>H</italic>
<sub>b</sub>
), 4.23–4.18 (m, 1H, PCH), 4.07–4.00 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 1.21 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 163.35, 163.30, 143.25, 137.05, 134.17, 131.67, 129.82, 127.07, 126.51, 123.20, 122.98, 122.19, 122.04, 121.04, 120.83, 120.51, 67.57 (d, <italic>J =</italic>
 168.4 Hz, P<italic>C</italic>
), 63.36 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.8 Hz, POC), 63.24 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.8 Hz, POC), 52.46 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 11.7 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 34.41, 16.60 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.7 Hz, 2 × POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 25.85 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>21</sub>
H<sub>24</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 53.28; H, 5.11; N, 14.79. Found: C, 53.55; H, 5.35; N, 14.59.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 3-{4-[(5-Amino-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}-2-hydroxypropylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>17f</bold>
): Yield 75%. (after crystallization from a methanol–diethyl ether mixture). An orange powder; m.p. 222–224 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3437, 3333, 3234, 3140, 3068, 3034, 2922, 1653, 1616, 1223, 1049, 778, 744 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 8.10 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.06 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.93 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.63 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.1 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.31 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 6.00 (brs, 2H, NH<sub>2</sub>
), 5.35 (brs, 1H, OH), 5.29 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.45 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 13.8 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 3.6 Hz, 1H, PCCC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>a</sub>
H<sub>b</sub>
), 4.26 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 13.8 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.7 Hz, 1H, PCCCH<sub>a</sub>
<italic>H</italic>
<sub>b</sub>
), 4.15–4.09 (m, 1H, PCCH), 4.02–3.93 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 1.97 (ddd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 18.0 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 15.4 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.3 Hz, 1H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>a</sub>
H<sub>b</sub>
), 1.88 (ddd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 18.0 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 15.4 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 1H, PCH<sub>a</sub>
<italic>H</italic>
<sub>b</sub>
), 1.21 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 3H, POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
), 1.20 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.0 Hz, 3H, POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 164.02, 163.84, 148.39, 143.29, 134.09, 132.16, 127.45, 126.05, 124.65, 122.98,122.34, 122.18, 121.14, 112.39, 65.45 (d, <italic>J =</italic>
 1.8 Hz, PC<italic>C</italic>
), 61.62 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.4 Hz, POC), 61.42 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.4 Hz, POC), 55.92 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 13.0 Hz, PCC<italic>C</italic>
), 35.62, 31.47 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 137.0 Hz, PC), 16.66 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.9 Hz, 2 × POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 27.89 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>26</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 54.21; H, 5.38; N, 14.37. Found: C, 53.92; H, 5.29; N, 14.15.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(5-Amino-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethoxy-methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>17g</bold>
): Yield 77% (after column chromatography with chloroform–methanol mixtures (100:1 or 50:1, <italic>v</italic>
/<italic>v</italic>
)). A yellow powder; m.p. 221–223 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3438, 3339, 3233, 3145, 2980, 2890, 1701, 1651, 1620, 1222, 1048, 1024, 791, 743 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 8.10 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.05 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.96 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.63 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.31 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 6.00 (brs, 2H, NH<sub>2</sub>
), 5.29 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.50 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.0 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
OCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 3.92–3.88 (m, 6H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
, PCOC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
), 3.80 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.3 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
O), 1.12 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 164.04, 163.80, 148.40, 143.56, 134.09, 132.17, 127.44, 126.06, 123.97, 122.97, 122.35, 122.17, 121.15, 112.40, 71.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 11.6 Hz, PCO<italic>C</italic>
), 64.31 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 163.1 Hz, PC), 62.16 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.3 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 49.47, 35.63, 16.63 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.3 Hz, 2 × POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 20.69 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>26</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 54.21; H, 5.38; N, 14.37. Found: C, 54.38; H, 5.46; N, 14.54.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-(2-{4-[(5-Amino-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}ethoxy)ethylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>17h</bold>
): Yield 77% (after column chromatography with chloroform–methanol mixtures (100:1 or 50:1, <italic>v</italic>
/<italic>v</italic>
)). An orange powder; m.p. 180–183 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3434, 3353, 3230, 2981, 2927, 1698, 1659, 1623, 1222, 1025, 787, 748 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 8.33 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.06 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.82 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.78 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.54 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.2 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz,1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.18 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 6.00 (brs, 2H, NH<sub>2</sub>
), 5.49 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 4.59 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.1 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
OCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
), 4.19–4.02 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 3.78 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.1 Hz, 2H, PCCOC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
), 3.65 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 15.4 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 2H, PCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
O), 2.16 (dt, <italic>J</italic>
 = 18.6 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
O), 1.35 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.1 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 164.02, 163.84, 148.38, 143.56, 134.08, 132.13, 127.41, 126.03, 124.00, 123.00, 122.33, 122.20, 121.16, 112.37, 68.69, 64.73(PC<italic>C</italic>
O), 61.36 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.4 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 49.71, 35.68, 26.28 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 137.2 Hz, PC), 16.64 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.6 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (243 MHz, CDCl<sub>3</sub>
): δ = 27.84 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>23</sub>
H<sub>28</sub>
N<sub>5</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 55.09; H, 5.63; N, 13.97. Found: C, 55.12; H, 5.36; N, 13.70.</p>
<p><italic>Diethyl 2-{4-[(5-Amino-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}acetamido-methylphosphonate</italic>
 (<bold>17i</bold>
): Yield 96%. A yellow powder; m.p. 222–224 °C; IR (KBr): ν = 3447, 3374, 3225, 3146, 2991, 2927, 1695, 1649, 1619, 1223, 1021, 779, 744 cm<sup>−1</sup>
; <sup>1</sup>
H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 8.73 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.5 Hz, 1H, NHCO), 8.10 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.05 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.1 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 8.00 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.95 (s, 1H, <italic>H</italic>
C5′), 7.63 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 8.1 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 7.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 7.31 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 2.2 Hz, 1H, H<sub>aromat.</sub>
), 6.00 (brs, 2H, NH<sub>2</sub>
), 5.30 (s, 2H, CH<sub>2</sub>
), 5.09 (s, 2H), 4.02–3.97 (m, 4H, 2 × POC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>3</sub>
), 3.60 (dd, <italic>J</italic>
 = 11.8 Hz, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.9 Hz, 2H, PC<italic>H</italic>
<sub>2</sub>
NH), 1.19 (t, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.9 Hz, 6H, 2 × POCH<sub>2</sub>
C<italic>H</italic>
<sub>3</sub>
); <sup>13</sup>
C-NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 165.97 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 4.5 Hz, C=O), 164.00, 163.82, 148.39, 143.40, 134.08, 132.19, 127.45, 126.08, 125.18, 122.93, 122.35, 122.13, 121.12, 112.43, 62.32 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 6.2 Hz, PO<italic>C</italic>
), 51.83, 35.58, 34.62 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 155.2 Hz, PC), 16.64 (d, <italic>J</italic>
 = 5.7 Hz, POC<italic>C</italic>
); <sup>31</sup>
P-NMR (121.5 MHz, DMSO-<italic>d</italic>
<sub>6</sub>
): δ = 22.29 ppm. Anal. Calcd. for C<sub>22</sub>
H<sub>25</sub>
N<sub>6</sub>
O<sub>6</sub>
P: C, 52.80; H, 5.04; N, 16.79. Found: C, 52.71; H, 4.86; N, 16.53.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec3dot6-molecules-21-01420"><title>3.6. Antiviral Activity Assays</title>
<p>The compounds were evaluated against the following viruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain KOS, thymidine kinase-deficient (TK<sup>−</sup>
) HSV-1 KOS strain resistant to ACV (ACV<sup>r</sup>
), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) strains Lyons and G, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strain Oka, TK<sup>−</sup>
 VZV strain 07−1, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strains AD-169 and Davis, vaccinia virus Lederle strain, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strain Long, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Coxsackie B4, Parainfluenza 3, Influenza virus A (subtypes H1N1, H3N2), influenza virus B, Reovirus-1, Sindbis, Reovirus-1, Punta Toro, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain III<sub>B</sub>
 and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 strain ROD. The antiviral, other than anti-HIV, assays were based on inhibition of virus-induced cytopathicity or plaque formation in human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts, African green monkey cells (Vero), human epithelial cells (HeLa) or Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK). Confluent cell cultures in microtiter 96-well plates were inoculated with 100 CCID<sub>50</sub>
 of virus (1 CCID<sub>50</sub>
 being the virus dose to infect 50% of the cell cultures) or with 20 plaque forming units (PFU) (VZV) in the presence of varying concentrations of the test compounds. Viral cytopathicity or plaque formation was recorded as soon as it reached completion in the control virus-infected cell cultures that were not treated with the test compounds. Antiviral activity was expressed as the EC<sub>50</sub>
 or compound concentration required to reduce virus-induced cytopathogenicity or viral plaque formation by 50%.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="sec3dot7-molecules-21-01420"><title>3.7. Cytostatic Activity Assays</title>
<p>All assays were performed in 96-well microtiter plates. To each well were added (5–7.5) × 10<sup>4</sup>
 tumor cells and a given amount of the test compound. The cells were allowed to proliferate for 48 h (murine leukemia L1210 cells) or 72 h (human lymphocytic CEM and human cervix carcinoma HeLa cells) at 37 °C in a humidified CO<sub>2</sub>
-controlled atmosphere. At the end of the incubation period, the cells were counted in a Coulter counter. The IC<sub>50</sub>
 (50% inhibitory concentration) was defined as the concentration of the compound that inhibited cell proliferation by 50%.</p>
</sec>
</sec>
<sec id="sec4-molecules-21-01420"><title>4. Conclusions</title>
<p>A novel series of diethyl {4-[(5-substituted-1,3-dioxo-1<italic>H</italic>
-benzo[<italic>de</italic>
]isoquinolin-2(3<italic>H</italic>
)-yl)-methyl]-1<italic>H</italic>
-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}alkylphosphonates has been synthesized in good to excellent yields via Cu(I)-catalyzed Hüisgen dipolar cycloaddition of <italic>N</italic>
-propargyl naphthalimides <bold>7/8</bold>
 and <bold>11/12</bold>
 with the respective azidoalkylphosphonates <bold>13a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 under microwave irradiation.</p>
<p>The synthesized phosphonates <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
–<bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 were evaluated against a variety of DNA and RNA viruses and several of them appeared slightly active against VZV (EC<sub>50</sub>
 = 27.6–91.5 μM). Among them, the compound <bold>16b</bold>
, which showed no potency toward the TK<sup>+</sup>
 VZV strain, was found the most active against the TK<sup>−</sup>
 VZV strain (EC<sub>50</sub>
 = 27.59 μM), with EC<sub>50</sub>
 values comparable to reference drugs. On the other hand, compound <bold>16d</bold>
 exhibited the highest activity against TK<sup>+</sup>
 VZV (EC<sub>50</sub>
 = 29.91 μM), athough lower than that of reference compounds.</p>
<p>Cytostatic properties of compounds <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
–<bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 were studied on L1210, CEM, HeLa and HMEC-1 cell lines and most of them were only slightly cytostatic for HeLa (IC<sub>50</sub>
 = 29–130 µM) and L1210 cells (IC<sub>50</sub>
 = 14–142 µM). Among all tested compounds <bold>14a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
–<bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
 derivatives substituted with a bromine atom at C6 (<bold>15b</bold>
 and <bold>15d</bold>
) were the most active. Based on a preliminary SAR analysis it was established that the presence of the 1,2,3-triazole unit is essential for the cytostatic activity. Furthermore, compounds with longer linkers [(CH<sub>2</sub>
)<sub>3</sub>
, (CH<sub>2</sub>
)<sub>4</sub>
 and CH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
OCH<sub>2</sub>
CH<sub>2</sub>
)] showed the higher cytostatic potency than those having shorter fragments [CH(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>
 and CH<sub>2</sub>
NHC(O)CH<sub>2</sub>
].</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back><ack><title>Acknowledgments</title>
<p>The authors wish to express their gratitude to Małgorzata Pluskota, Leentje Persoons, Lies Van Den Heurck, Ellen De Waegenaere and Lizette van Berckelaer for excellent technical assistance. The synthetic part of this work was supported by the Medical University of Lodz internal fund (503/3-014-1/503-01). The virological part of this work was supported by the KU Leuven (GOA 15/19 TBA).</p>
</ack>
<fn-group><fn><p><bold>Sample Availability:</bold>
 Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors.</p>
</fn>
</fn-group>
<notes><title>Author Contributions</title>
<p>Research group from Medical University of Lodz (Iwona E. Głowacka, Rafał Gulej, Piotr Grzonkowski and Dorota G. Piotrowska) conceived the research project, participated in all steps of the research, interpreted the results, discussed the experimental data and prepared the manuscript. Research group from KU Leuven (Graciela Andrei, Dominique Schols and Robert Snoeck) conducted the biological assays and provided the experimental procedures and results. All authors read, commented and approved the manuscript.</p>
</notes>
<notes notes-type="COI-statement"><title>Conflicts of Interest</title>
<p>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
</notes>
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<sec sec-type="display-objects"><title>Figure, Schemes and Tables</title>
<fig id="molecules-21-01420-f001" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>Examples of naphthalimides containing triazole units.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="molecules-21-01420-g001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="molecules-21-01420-sch001" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">molecules-21-01420-sch001_Scheme 1</object-id>
<label>Scheme 1</label>
<caption><p>Synthesis of the alkynes <bold>7</bold>
, <bold>8</bold>
, <bold>11</bold>
 and <bold>12</bold>
. <italic>Reagents and Conditions</italic>
: a. propargylamine, EtOH, reflux (3 h for <bold>7</bold>
, <bold>11</bold>
 and <bold>12</bold>
; 20 h for <bold>8</bold>
); b. HNO<sub>3</sub>
, H<sub>2</sub>
SO<sub>4</sub>
; c. SnCl<sub>2</sub>
, HCl.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="molecules-21-01420-sch001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="molecules-21-01420-sch002" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">molecules-21-01420-sch002_Scheme 2</object-id>
<label>Scheme 2</label>
<caption><p>Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles derivatives <bold>14a–i</bold>
–<bold>17a</bold>
–<bold>i</bold>
.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="molecules-21-01420-sch002"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="molecules-21-01420-t001" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">molecules-21-01420-t001_Table 1</object-id>
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>The antiviral activity and cytotoxicity against varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in HEL cell cultures.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Compound</th>
<th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">Antiviral Activity EC<sub>50</sub>
 (μM) <sup>a</sup>
</th>
<th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">Cytotoxicity (μM)</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TK<sup>+</sup>
 VZV Strain</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TK<sup>−</sup>
 VZV Strain</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cell Morphology (MCC) <sup>b</sup>
</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cell Growth (CC<sub>50</sub>
) <sup>c</sup>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>11</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.9</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14c</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.47</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14d</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.39</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.66</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14e</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.93</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14h</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.63</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15b</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.07</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15d</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.44</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.54</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15f</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.39</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15h</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.14</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70.83</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16a</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.11</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.47</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16b</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.59</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16c</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.82</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.82</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16d</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.91</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.85</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16e</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.63</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16f</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.66</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91.45</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16g</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.17</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16h</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.9</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.47</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>100</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" colspan="1"><bold>Amonafide</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.36</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.82</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.18</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.48</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.25</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" colspan="1"><bold>Acyclovir</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.51</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.51</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>440</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>440</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.35</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>440</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>440</td>
</tr>
<tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1"><bold>Brivudin</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.013</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.95</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>300</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>300</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.0078</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.72</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>300</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>300</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup>
 Effective concentration required to reduce virus plaque formation by 50%. Virus input was 100 plaque forming units (PFU); <sup>b</sup>
 Minimum cytotoxic concentration that causes a microscopically detectable alternation of cell morphology; <sup>c</sup>
 Cytotoxic concentration required to reduce cell growth by 50%, n.d.—not determined.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="molecules-21-01420-t002" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">molecules-21-01420-t002_Table 2</object-id>
<label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>The inhibitory effect of the tested compounds against the proliferation of murine leukemia (L1210), human T-lymphocyte (CEM) and human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa).</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Compound</th>
<th colspan="4" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">IC<sub>50</sub>
<sup>a</sup>
 (µM)</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L1210</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CEM</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HeLa</th>
<th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HMEC-1</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>7</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">206 ± 42</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48 ± 8</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">138 ± 38</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>8</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>11</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">177 ± 16</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">229 ± 18</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109 ± 5</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14a</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">187 ± 25</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14b</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">148 ± 59</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">204 ± 65</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14c</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">124 ± 19</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">172 ± 20</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14d</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">156 ± 40</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119 ± 3</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">150 ± 11</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">180 ± 54</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14e</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14f</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">158 ± 4</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">168 ± 26</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14g</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">168 ± 29</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">215 ± 49</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14h</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">196 ± 32</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">171 ± 25</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">154 ± 22</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">222 ± 39</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>14i</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15a</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28 ± 1</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60 ± 27</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88 ± 5</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">185 ± 40</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15b</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 ± 1</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56 ± 20</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62 ± 20</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">152 ± 1</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15c</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20 ± 3</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52 ± 34</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62 ± 1</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">152 ± 0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15d</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 ± 3</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22 ± 0</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55 ± 2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92 ± 43</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15e</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42 ± 15</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">196 ± 60</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15f</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 ± 3</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60 ± 13</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87 ± 21</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">152 ± 1</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15g</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 ± 3</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66 ± 20</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84 ± 16</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">152 ± 1</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15h</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 ± 2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29 ± 11</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61 ± 15</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">151 ± 0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15i</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31 ± 2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">137 ± 72</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16a</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66 ± 7</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 ± 1</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44 ± 19</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">154 ± 1</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16b</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">176 ± 37</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54 ± 21</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118 ± 71</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16c</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34 ± 9</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55 ± 23</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29 ± 17</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">136 ± 22</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16d</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70 ± 52</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95 ± 4</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81 ± 4</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">126 ± 37</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16e</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111 ± 39</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127 ± 14</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132 ± 2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16f</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68 ± 11</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71 ± 21</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42 ± 21</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">155 ± 6</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16g</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71 ± 1</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79 ± 4</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76 ± 8</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">148 ± 3</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16h</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64 ± 11</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66 ± 0</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56 ± 16</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">152 ± 1</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16i</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86 ± 6</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17a</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">177 ± 76</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">214 ± 5</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">101 ± 78</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17b</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120 ± 7</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 ± 12</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17c</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">≥250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17d</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116 ± 60</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17e</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72 ± 58</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17f</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">130 ± 77</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17g</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97 ± 42</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17h</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">142 ± 2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">109 ± 3</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66 ± 3</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>17i</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>250</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112 ± 58</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.d</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Amonafide</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 ± 0.4</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.54 ± 0.50</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0 ± 1.2</td>
<td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31 ± 0.00</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>a</sup>
 50% Inhibitory concentration or compound concentration required to inhibit tumor cell proliferation by 50%, n.d.—not determined.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
</back>
</pmc>
</record>

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Synthesis and the Biological Activity of Phosphonylated 1,2,3-Triazolenaphthalimide Conjugates

Synthesis and the Biological Activity of Phosphonylated 1,2,3-Triazolenaphthalimide Conjugates

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