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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Effect of Spectral Transmittance through Red-Tinted Rodent Cages on Circadian Metabolism and Physiology in Nude Rats</title>
<author><name sortKey="Dauchy, Robert T" sort="Dauchy, Robert T" uniqKey="Dauchy R" first="Robert T" last="Dauchy">Robert T. Dauchy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff1">Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wren, Melissa A" sort="Wren, Melissa A" uniqKey="Wren M" first="Melissa A" last="Wren">Melissa A. Wren</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Comparative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dauchy, Erin M" sort="Dauchy, Erin M" uniqKey="Dauchy E" first="Erin M" last="Dauchy">Erin M. Dauchy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff1">Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hanifin, John P" sort="Hanifin, John P" uniqKey="Hanifin J" first="John P" last="Hanifin">John P. Hanifin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jablonski, Michael R" sort="Jablonski, Michael R" uniqKey="Jablonski M" first="Michael R" last="Jablonski">Michael R. Jablonski</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Warfield, Benjamin" sort="Warfield, Benjamin" uniqKey="Warfield B" first="Benjamin" last="Warfield">Benjamin Warfield</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brainard, George C" sort="Brainard, George C" uniqKey="Brainard G" first="George C" last="Brainard">George C. Brainard</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hill, Steven M" sort="Hill, Steven M" uniqKey="Hill S" first="Steven M" last="Hill">Steven M. Hill</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff1">Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mao, Lulu" sort="Mao, Lulu" uniqKey="Mao L" first="Lulu" last="Mao">Lulu Mao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff1">Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dupepe, Lynell M" sort="Dupepe, Lynell M" uniqKey="Dupepe L" first="Lynell M" last="Dupepe">Lynell M. Dupepe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Comparative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ooms, Tara G" sort="Ooms, Tara G" uniqKey="Ooms T" first="Tara G" last="Ooms">Tara G. Ooms</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Comparative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blask, David E" sort="Blask, David E" uniqKey="Blask D" first="David E" last="Blask">David E. Blask</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff1">Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24351763</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3838609</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3838609</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3838609</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000698</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000698</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Effect of Spectral Transmittance through Red-Tinted Rodent Cages on Circadian Metabolism and Physiology in Nude Rats</title>
<author><name sortKey="Dauchy, Robert T" sort="Dauchy, Robert T" uniqKey="Dauchy R" first="Robert T" last="Dauchy">Robert T. Dauchy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff1">Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wren, Melissa A" sort="Wren, Melissa A" uniqKey="Wren M" first="Melissa A" last="Wren">Melissa A. Wren</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Comparative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dauchy, Erin M" sort="Dauchy, Erin M" uniqKey="Dauchy E" first="Erin M" last="Dauchy">Erin M. Dauchy</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff1">Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hanifin, John P" sort="Hanifin, John P" uniqKey="Hanifin J" first="John P" last="Hanifin">John P. Hanifin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jablonski, Michael R" sort="Jablonski, Michael R" uniqKey="Jablonski M" first="Michael R" last="Jablonski">Michael R. Jablonski</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Warfield, Benjamin" sort="Warfield, Benjamin" uniqKey="Warfield B" first="Benjamin" last="Warfield">Benjamin Warfield</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brainard, George C" sort="Brainard, George C" uniqKey="Brainard G" first="George C" last="Brainard">George C. Brainard</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hill, Steven M" sort="Hill, Steven M" uniqKey="Hill S" first="Steven M" last="Hill">Steven M. Hill</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff1">Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mao, Lulu" sort="Mao, Lulu" uniqKey="Mao L" first="Lulu" last="Mao">Lulu Mao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff1">Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dupepe, Lynell M" sort="Dupepe, Lynell M" uniqKey="Dupepe L" first="Lynell M" last="Dupepe">Lynell M. Dupepe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Comparative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ooms, Tara G" sort="Ooms, Tara G" uniqKey="Ooms T" first="Tara G" last="Ooms">Tara G. Ooms</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Comparative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blask, David E" sort="Blask, David E" uniqKey="Blask D" first="David E" last="Blask">David E. Blask</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff1">Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1559-6109</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Light entrains normal circadian rhythms of physiology and metabolism in all mammals. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that spectral transmittance (color) of light passing through cages affects these responses in rats. Here, we addressed the hypothesis that red tint alters the circadian nocturnal melatonin signal and circadian oscillation of other metabolic and physiologic functions. Female nude rats (Hsd:RH-<italic>Foxn1<sup>rnu</sup>
</italic>
; <italic>n</italic>
= 12 per group) were maintained on a 12:12-h light (300 lx; 123.0 μW/cm<sup>2</sup>
; lights on 0600):dark regimen in standard polycarbonate translucent clear or red-tinted cages. After 1 wk, rats underwent 6 low-volume blood draws via cardiocentesis over a 4-wk period. Plasma melatonin levels were low during the light phase (1.0 ± 0.2 pg/mL) in rats in both types of cages but were significantly lower in red-tinted (105.0 ± 2.4 pg/mL) compared with clear (154.8 ± 3.8 pg/mL) cages during the dark. Normal circadian rhythm of plasma total fatty acid was identical between groups. Although phase relationships of circadian rhythms in glucose, lactic acid, pO<sub>2</sub>
, and pCO<sub>2</sub>
were identical between groups, the levels of these analytes were lower in rats in red-tinted compared with clear cages. Circadian rhythms of plasma corticosterone, insulin, and leptin were altered in terms of phasing, amplitude, and duration in rats in red-tinted compared with clear cages. These findings indicate that spectral transmittance through red-colored cages significantly affects circadian regulation of neuroendocrine, metabolic, and physiologic parameters, potentially influencing both laboratory animal health and wellbeing and scientific outcomes.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jaalas</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1559-6109</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Association for Laboratory Animal Science</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24351763</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3838609</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2013000745</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Husbandry</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Effect of Spectral Transmittance through Red-Tinted Rodent Cages on Circadian Metabolism and Physiology in Nude Rats</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dauchy</surname>
<given-names>Robert T</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wren</surname>
<given-names>Melissa A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dauchy</surname>
<given-names>Erin M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hanifin</surname>
<given-names>John P</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jablonski</surname>
<given-names>Michael R</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Warfield</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brainard</surname>
<given-names>George C</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hill</surname>
<given-names>Steven M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mao</surname>
<given-names>Lulu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dupepe</surname>
<given-names>Lynell M</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ooms</surname>
<given-names>Tara G</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blask</surname>
<given-names>David E</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
Departments of Structural and Cellular Biology and</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
Comparative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane, Louisiana</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>
Corresponding author. Email: <email>rdauchy@tulane.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><month>11</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>745</fpage>
<lpage>755</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>12</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>7</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>20</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© American Association for Laboratory Animal Science</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Light entrains normal circadian rhythms of physiology and metabolism in all mammals. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that spectral transmittance (color) of light passing through cages affects these responses in rats. Here, we addressed the hypothesis that red tint alters the circadian nocturnal melatonin signal and circadian oscillation of other metabolic and physiologic functions. Female nude rats (Hsd:RH-<italic>Foxn1<sup>rnu</sup>
</italic>
; <italic>n</italic>
= 12 per group) were maintained on a 12:12-h light (300 lx; 123.0 μW/cm<sup>2</sup>
; lights on 0600):dark regimen in standard polycarbonate translucent clear or red-tinted cages. After 1 wk, rats underwent 6 low-volume blood draws via cardiocentesis over a 4-wk period. Plasma melatonin levels were low during the light phase (1.0 ± 0.2 pg/mL) in rats in both types of cages but were significantly lower in red-tinted (105.0 ± 2.4 pg/mL) compared with clear (154.8 ± 3.8 pg/mL) cages during the dark. Normal circadian rhythm of plasma total fatty acid was identical between groups. Although phase relationships of circadian rhythms in glucose, lactic acid, pO<sub>2</sub>
, and pCO<sub>2</sub>
were identical between groups, the levels of these analytes were lower in rats in red-tinted compared with clear cages. Circadian rhythms of plasma corticosterone, insulin, and leptin were altered in terms of phasing, amplitude, and duration in rats in red-tinted compared with clear cages. These findings indicate that spectral transmittance through red-colored cages significantly affects circadian regulation of neuroendocrine, metabolic, and physiologic parameters, potentially influencing both laboratory animal health and wellbeing and scientific outcomes.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><title>Abbreviations</title>
<kwd>CCT, correlated color temperature</kwd>
<kwd>SCN, suprachiasmatic nuclei</kwd>
<kwd>TFA, total fatty acid</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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