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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (PCV-2b) in swine in Canada</title><author><name sortKey="Gagnon, Carl A" sort="Gagnon, Carl A" uniqKey="Gagnon C" first="Carl A." last="Gagnon">Carl A. Gagnon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tremblay, Donald" sort="Tremblay, Donald" uniqKey="Tremblay D" first="Donald" last="Tremblay">Donald Tremblay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tijssen, Peter" sort="Tijssen, Peter" uniqKey="Tijssen P" first="Peter" last="Tijssen">Peter Tijssen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venne, Marie Helene" sort="Venne, Marie Helene" uniqKey="Venne M" first="Marie-Hélène" last="Venne">Marie-Hélène Venne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Houde, Alain" sort="Houde, Alain" uniqKey="Houde A" first="Alain" last="Houde">Alain Houde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elahi, Seyyed Mehdy" sort="Elahi, Seyyed Mehdy" uniqKey="Elahi S" first="Seyyed Mehdy" last="Elahi">Seyyed Mehdy Elahi</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">17824323</idno><idno type="pmc">1914312</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1914312</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:1914312</idno><date when="2007">2007</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000687</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000687</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (PCV-2b) in swine in Canada</title><author><name sortKey="Gagnon, Carl A" sort="Gagnon, Carl A" uniqKey="Gagnon C" first="Carl A." last="Gagnon">Carl A. Gagnon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tremblay, Donald" sort="Tremblay, Donald" uniqKey="Tremblay D" first="Donald" last="Tremblay">Donald Tremblay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tijssen, Peter" sort="Tijssen, Peter" uniqKey="Tijssen P" first="Peter" last="Tijssen">Peter Tijssen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venne, Marie Helene" sort="Venne, Marie Helene" uniqKey="Venne M" first="Marie-Hélène" last="Venne">Marie-Hélène Venne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Houde, Alain" sort="Houde, Alain" uniqKey="Houde A" first="Alain" last="Houde">Alain Houde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elahi, Seyyed Mehdy" sort="Elahi, Seyyed Mehdy" uniqKey="Elahi S" first="Seyyed Mehdy" last="Elahi">Seyyed Mehdy Elahi</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Canadian Veterinary Journal</title><idno type="ISSN">0008-5286</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Since late 2004, the swine industry in the province of Quebec has experienced a significant increase in death rate related to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). To explain this phenomenon, 2 hypotheses were formulated: 1) the presence of a 2nd pathogen could be exacerbating the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) infection, or 2) a new and more virulent PCV-2 strain could be infecting swine. In 2005, 13 PMWS cases were submitted to the Quebec provincial diagnostic laboratory and PCV-2 was the only virus that could be found consistently by PCR in all 13 samples. The PCR detection results obtained for other viruses revealed the following: 61.5% were positive for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, 30.8% for swine influenza virus, 15.4% for porcine parvovirus, 69.2% for swine torque teno virus (swTTV), 38.5% for swine hepatitis E virus (swHEV) and 84.6% for <italic>Mycoplasma hyorhinis;</italic> transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus (TGEV/PRCV) was not detected. Sequences of the entire genome revealed that these PCV-2 strains belonged to a genotype (named PCV-2b) that has never been reported in Canada. Further sequence analyses on 83 other Canadian PCV-2 positive cases submitted to the provincial diagnostic laboratory during years 2005 and 2006 showed that 79.5% of the viral sequences obtained clustered in the PCV-2b genotype. The appearance of the PCV-2b genotype in Canada may explain the death rate increase related to PMWS, but this relationship has to be confirmed.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Can Vet J</journal-id><journal-title>The Canadian Veterinary Journal</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0008-5286</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Canadian Veterinary Medical Association</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">17824323</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">1914312</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">cvj48pg811</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Scientific</subject><subj-group><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (PCV-2b) in swine in Canada</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gagnon</surname><given-names>Carl A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-cvj48pg811"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tremblay</surname><given-names>Donald</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tijssen</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Venne</surname><given-names>Marie-Hélène</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Houde</surname><given-names>Alain</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Elahi</surname><given-names>Seyyed Mehdy</given-names></name></contrib><aff id="af1-cvj48pg811">Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc (GREMIP) (Gagnon); Service de diagnostic (Gagnon, Tremblay, Venne, Elahi); Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6; INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7 (Tijssen); Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant Blvd West, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 8E3 (Houde)</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1-cvj48pg811">Address all correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Carl A. Gagnon; e-mail:
<email>carl.a.gagnon@umontreal.ca</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>48</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>811</fpage><lpage>819</lpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day><month>3</month><year>2007</year></date></history><copyright-statement>Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><abstract><p>Since late 2004, the swine industry in the province of Quebec has experienced a significant increase in death rate related to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). To explain this phenomenon, 2 hypotheses were formulated: 1) the presence of a 2nd pathogen could be exacerbating the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) infection, or 2) a new and more virulent PCV-2 strain could be infecting swine. In 2005, 13 PMWS cases were submitted to the Quebec provincial diagnostic laboratory and PCV-2 was the only virus that could be found consistently by PCR in all 13 samples. The PCR detection results obtained for other viruses revealed the following: 61.5% were positive for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, 30.8% for swine influenza virus, 15.4% for porcine parvovirus, 69.2% for swine torque teno virus (swTTV), 38.5% for swine hepatitis E virus (swHEV) and 84.6% for <italic>Mycoplasma hyorhinis;</italic> transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus (TGEV/PRCV) was not detected. Sequences of the entire genome revealed that these PCV-2 strains belonged to a genotype (named PCV-2b) that has never been reported in Canada. Further sequence analyses on 83 other Canadian PCV-2 positive cases submitted to the provincial diagnostic laboratory during years 2005 and 2006 showed that 79.5% of the viral sequences obtained clustered in the PCV-2b genotype. The appearance of the PCV-2b genotype in Canada may explain the death rate increase related to PMWS, but this relationship has to be confirmed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="FR"><title>Résumé</title><p><bold>Émergence du circovirus porcin du génotype 2b chez le porc au Canada.</bold> Depuis la fin de l’année 2004, une recrudescence marquée du syndrome de dépérissement en post-sevrage (SDPS) avec une augmentation du taux de mortalité a été observé dans les élevages porcins du Québec. Deux hypothèses furent émises pour expliquer ces observations: 1) présence d’un second pathogène qui exacerbe l’infection primaire au circovirus porcin de type 2 (PCV-2) et 2) présence d’une nouvelle souche de PCV-2 plus virulente. Des échantillons de 13 cas cliniques de SDPS furent soumis au laboratoire de diagnostic provincial du Québec et seulement le virus PCV-2 a pu être détecté dans tous les échantillons. Par contre, d’autres virus ont été détectés par PCR. Entre autres, 61,5 %, 30,8 %, 15,4 %, 69,2 %, 38,5 % et 84,6 % des 13 cas cliniques de SDPS étaient positifs pour le virus du syndrome reproducteur et respiratoire porcin (PRRSV), le virus influenza porcin (SIV), le parvovirus porcin (PPV), le torque teno virus porcin (swTTV), le virus de l’hépatite E porcin (swHEV) et <italic>Mycoplasma hyorhinis,</italic> respectivement, alors que tous les cas étaient négatifs pour la présence du virus de la gastroentérite transmissible et du coronavirus respiratoire porcin (TGEV/PRCV). Le séquençage complet du génome des 13 virus PCV-2 a révélé que ces virus appartenaient à un génotype (nommé: PCV-2b) qui, jusqu’à présent, n’avait jamais été rapporté au Canada. Le séquençage complet du génome de 83 souches canadiennes du virus PCV-2 soumis à notre laboratoire de diagnostic en 2005 et 2006 a démontré que 79,5 % des séquences virales appartiennent au génotype PCV-2b. L’apparition du génotype PCV-2b au Canada pourrait expliquer l’augmentation du taux de mortalité associé au SDPS mais cette relation de cause à effet reste à être démontrée.</p><p>(Traduit par les auteurs)</p></trans-abstract></article-meta></front><floats-wrap><fig id="f1-cvj48pg811" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) strains. An unrooted neighbor-joining tree was constructed from aligned nucleic acid sequences of 27 Canadian reference strains (including the newly described 13 sequences identified with an arrow and the older sequences identified with an asterix) and 43 sequences found in GenBank. Original names, country of origin, and GenBank accession number are given in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1-cvj48pg811">Table 1</xref>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="cvj48pg811f1"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-cvj48pg811" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Identification of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) strains with their geographic origin and GenBank accession number</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Isolate ID</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Geographic origin</th><th align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GenBank accession number</th><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-6302</td><td rowspan="13" align="left" colspan="1">Canada/Quebec
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220739</td><td rowspan="13" align="left" colspan="1">Gagnon et al (2006)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-6317</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220728</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-6505</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220729</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-6507</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220730</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-7098</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220731</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-7386</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220732</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-7388</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220733</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-7389</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220734</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-7390</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220735</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-7537</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220736</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-7539</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220737</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-8037</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220738</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV-05-8574</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ220727</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2A</td><td rowspan="5" align="left" colspan="1">Canada
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF027217</td><td rowspan="5" align="left" colspan="1">Hamel et al (2000)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2B</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF112862</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2C</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF109398</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2D</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF117753</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2E</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF109399</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Imp. 999</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">United States</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF055391</td><td rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1">Meehan et al (1998)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Imp. 1010-Stoon</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF055392</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Imp. 1011-48121 (FRA1)</td><td rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1">France
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF055393</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Imp. 1011-48285 (FRA2)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF055394</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FRA3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF201311</td><td rowspan="7" align="left" colspan="1">Mankertz et al (2000)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GER1</td><td rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1">Germany
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF201305</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GER2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF201306</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GER3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF201307</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SPA1</td><td rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1">Spain
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF201308</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SPA2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF201309</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SPA3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF201310</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">412</td><td rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1">Canada
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF085695</td><td rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1">Wang et al (unpublished)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M226</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF086836</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9741</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF086835</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B9</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF086834</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISU-31</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">United States/Iowa</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AJ223185</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Morozov et al (1998)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MLTW98 (TA1)</td><td rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Taiwan
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF154679</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kuo et al (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tainan (TA2)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF166528</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yang et al (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26606</td><td rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">United States/Utah
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF264038</td><td rowspan="6" align="left" colspan="1">Fenaux et al (2000)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26607</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF264039</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10489</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">United States/Illinois</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF264040</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40856</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">United States/Missouri</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF264041</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40895</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">United States/Iowa</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF264042</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34464</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF264043</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24657 NL</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Netherlands</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF201897</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wellenberg et al (2000)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BF</td><td rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1">China
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF381175</td><td rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1">Lu et Yang (unpublished)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HR</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF381176</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">BX</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF381177</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Imp. 1103</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada/Alberta</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AJ293867</td><td rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1">Meehan et al (2001)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Imp. 1121</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada/Saskatchewan</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AJ293868</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Imp. 1147</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">UK</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AJ293869</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IAF2897</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Canada/Québec</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AF408635</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Racine et al (2004)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SH</td><td rowspan="8" align="left" colspan="1">China
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY291318</td><td rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1">Feng et al (unpublished)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ZJ</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY686764</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">JXII</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY732494</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">JS</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY691679</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SX04</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY604430</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Li et al (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DG</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY682993</td><td rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Wang et al (unpublished)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ZC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY682997</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ZS</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY596823</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Da et al (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NL PMWS 4</td><td rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">UK
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY484416</td><td rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Grierson et al (2004)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NL control 6</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY484412</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AUT5</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austria</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY424405</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Exel et al (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GD</td><td rowspan="4" align="left" colspan="1">China
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY613854</td><td rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Song et al (unpublished)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">GD-ZJ</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DQ017036</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">QD</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY291316</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Xin et al (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Henan</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY969004</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Liu et al (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">375</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hungria</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY256460</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dan et al (2003)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HD</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">China</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY916791</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Jiang et al (unpublished)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fd1</td><td rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1">France
<break></break>↓</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY322000</td><td rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1">de Boisseson et al (2004)
<break></break>↓</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fd2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY321999</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fd3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AY321984</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-cvj48pg811" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Identification of viral swine pathogens in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) cases</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="8" align="center" rowspan="1">Polymerase chain reaction
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">Virus isolation
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PMWS cases</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PCV-2</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PRRSV</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TGEV/PRCV</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SIV</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PPV</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">swHEV</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">swTTV</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Mycoplasma hyorhinis</italic><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn2-cvj48pg811">b</xref></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HRT-G/MDCK/ST</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PK15A<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-cvj48pg811">c</xref></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-6302</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-6317</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-6505</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-6507</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-7098</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-7386</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-7388</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-7389</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-7390</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-cvj48pg811">a</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-7537</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-cvj48pg811">a</xref></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-7539</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-8037</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FMV05-8574</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">+</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-cvj48pg811"><label>a</label><p>Swine influenza virus has been confirmed by PCR to be H3N2 virus</p></fn><fn id="tfn2-cvj48pg811"><label>b</label><p>Confirmed by PCR on the 3rd passage of cell culture supernatants</p></fn><fn id="tfn3-cvj48pg811"><label>c</label><p>Only PCV-2 was isolated in PKISA cells and it was confirmed by PCR at the 3rd passage</p></fn><fn id="tfn4-cvj48pg811"><p>PCV-2 = porcine circovirus 2, TGEV/PRCV = transmissible gastroenteritis virus/porcine respiratory coronavirus, PRRSV = porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, SIV = swine influenza virus, PPV = porcine parvovirus, swHEV = swine hepatitis E virus, swTTV = swine torque teno virus, HRT-G = human rectal tumor cells, MDCK = Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, ST = swine testis cells, PK15A = porcine kidney cells</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-cvj48pg811" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Genotype classification of 2005–2006 porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) Canadian strains<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn5-cvj48pg811">a</xref> following viral genome sequence analysis</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">Genotype classification
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Province</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of PCV-2 sequenced</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PCV-2a</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PCV-2b</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Quebec</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ontario</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Manitoba</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Saskatchewan</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn5-cvj48pg811"><label>a</label><p>Most of those viruses were obtained from PCVAD affected herds but some were obtained from herds that had shown no clinical sign related to this disease</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-wrap></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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