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<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">
<italic>Cis</italic>
-acting RNA elements in human and animal plus-strand RNA viruses</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Liu, Ying" sort="Liu, Ying" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Ying" last="Liu">Ying Liu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wimmer, Eckard" sort="Wimmer, Eckard" uniqKey="Wimmer E" first="Eckard" last="Wimmer">Eckard Wimmer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paul, Aniko V" sort="Paul, Aniko V" uniqKey="Paul A" first="Aniko V." last="Paul">Aniko V. Paul</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">19781674</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2783963</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2783963</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2783963</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.bbagrm.2009.09.007</idno>
<date when="2009">2009</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000632</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000632</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">
<italic>Cis</italic>
-acting RNA elements in human and animal plus-strand RNA viruses</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Liu, Ying" sort="Liu, Ying" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Ying" last="Liu">Ying Liu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wimmer, Eckard" sort="Wimmer, Eckard" uniqKey="Wimmer E" first="Eckard" last="Wimmer">Eckard Wimmer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paul, Aniko V" sort="Paul, Aniko V" uniqKey="Paul A" first="Aniko V." last="Paul">Aniko V. Paul</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Biochimica et biophysica acta</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0006-3002</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2009">2009</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p id="P2">The RNA genomes of plus-strand RNA viruses have the ability to form secondary and higher-order structures that contribute to their stability and to their participation in inter- and intramolecular interactions. Those structures that are functionally important are called
<italic>cis</italic>
-acting RNA elements because their functions cannot be complemented in
<italic>trans</italic>
. They can be involved not only in RNA/RNA interactions but also in binding of viral and cellular proteins during the complex processes of translation, RNA replication and encapsidation. Most viral
<italic>cis</italic>
-acting RNA elements are located in the highly structured 5′- and 3′-nontranslated regions of the genomes but sometimes they also extend into the adjacent coding sequences. In addition, some
<italic>cis</italic>
-acting RNA elements are embedded within the coding sequences far away from the genomic ends. Although the functional importance of many of these structures have been confirmed by genetic and biochemical analyses their precise roles are not yet fully understood. In this review we have summarized what is known about
<italic>cis</italic>
-acting RNA elements in nine families of human and animal plus-strand RNA viruses with an emphasis on the most thoroughly characterized virus families, the
<italic>Picornaviridae</italic>
and
<italic>Flaviviridae</italic>
.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0217513</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">1037</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biochim Biophys Acta</journal-id>
<journal-title>Biochimica et biophysica acta</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0006-3002</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19781674</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2783963</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.bbagrm.2009.09.007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS148313</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>
<italic>Cis</italic>
-acting RNA elements in human and animal plus-strand RNA viruses</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Ying</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wimmer</surname>
<given-names>Eckard</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Paul</surname>
<given-names>Aniko V.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<aff id="A1">Dept. of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N. Y. 11790</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="FN1">Corresponding author: Aniko V. Paul. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, N. Y. 11794.
<email>apaul@notes.cc.sunysb.edu</email>
. Tel: 631-632-9777. Fax:631-632-8891</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted">
<day>6</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<season>Sep–Oct</season>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>23</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>1789</volume>
<issue>9-10</issue>
<fpage>495</fpage>
<lpage>517</lpage>
<abstract>
<p id="P2">The RNA genomes of plus-strand RNA viruses have the ability to form secondary and higher-order structures that contribute to their stability and to their participation in inter- and intramolecular interactions. Those structures that are functionally important are called
<italic>cis</italic>
-acting RNA elements because their functions cannot be complemented in
<italic>trans</italic>
. They can be involved not only in RNA/RNA interactions but also in binding of viral and cellular proteins during the complex processes of translation, RNA replication and encapsidation. Most viral
<italic>cis</italic>
-acting RNA elements are located in the highly structured 5′- and 3′-nontranslated regions of the genomes but sometimes they also extend into the adjacent coding sequences. In addition, some
<italic>cis</italic>
-acting RNA elements are embedded within the coding sequences far away from the genomic ends. Although the functional importance of many of these structures have been confirmed by genetic and biochemical analyses their precise roles are not yet fully understood. In this review we have summarized what is known about
<italic>cis</italic>
-acting RNA elements in nine families of human and animal plus-strand RNA viruses with an emphasis on the most thoroughly characterized virus families, the
<italic>Picornaviridae</italic>
and
<italic>Flaviviridae</italic>
.</p>
</abstract>
<contract-num rid="AI1">R01 AI015122-35A1 ||AI</contract-num>
<contract-sponsor id="AI1">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Extramural Activities : NIAID</contract-sponsor>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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