Letter to the Editor: Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR
Identifieur interne : 000610 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000609; suivant : 000611Letter to the Editor: Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR
Auteurs : Jin Yong KimSource :
- Journal of Korean Medical Science [ 1011-8934 ] ; 2020.
Url:
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e88
PubMed: 32080992
PubMed Central: 7036343
Links to Exploration step
PMC:7036343Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Letter to the Editor: Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR</title><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jin Yong" sort="Kim, Jin Yong" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Jin Yong" last="Kim">Jin Yong Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32080992</idno><idno type="pmc">7036343</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7036343</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7036343</idno><idno type="doi">10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e88</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000610</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000610</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Letter to the Editor: Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR</title><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jin Yong" sort="Kim, Jin Yong" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Jin Yong" last="Kim">Jin Yong Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Korean Medical Science</title><idno type="ISSN">1011-8934</idno><idno type="eISSN">1598-6357</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lim, J" uniqKey="Lim J">J Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jeon, S" uniqKey="Jeon S">S Jeon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shin, Hy" uniqKey="Shin H">HY Shin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Mj" uniqKey="Kim M">MJ Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seong, Ym" uniqKey="Seong Y">YM Seong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Wj" uniqKey="Lee W">WJ Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chu, Cm" uniqKey="Chu C">CM Chu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Vc" uniqKey="Cheng V">VC Cheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hung, If" uniqKey="Hung I">IF Hung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Mm" uniqKey="Wong M">MM Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Kh" uniqKey="Chan K">KH Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Ks" uniqKey="Chan K">KS Chan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chan, Ks" uniqKey="Chan K">KS Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lai, St" uniqKey="Lai S">ST Lai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Cm" uniqKey="Chu C">CM Chu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsui, E" uniqKey="Tsui E">E Tsui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tam, Cy" uniqKey="Tam C">CY Tam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Mm" uniqKey="Wong M">MM Wong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Jy" uniqKey="Kim J">JY Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choe, Pg" uniqKey="Choe P">PG Choe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Y" uniqKey="Oh Y">Y Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Kj" uniqKey="Oh K">KJ Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, J" uniqKey="Kim J">J Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Sj" uniqKey="Park S">SJ Park</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Korean Med Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J. Korean Med. Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JKMS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Korean Medical Science</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1011-8934</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1598-6357</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32080992</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7036343</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e88</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Correspondence</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Letter to the Editor: Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-1597</contrib-id><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Jin Yong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1">Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon Medical Center, Incheon,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Address for Correspondence: Jin Yong Kim, MD, MPH. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon Medical Center, 217 Bangchuk-ro, Dong-gu, Incheon 22532, Republic of Korea. <email>kjykey@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><day>24</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>7</issue><elocation-id>e88</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>15</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>17</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder>The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><related-article related-article-type="commentary-article" id="RA1" vol="35" elocation-id="e79" issue="6" xlink:href="32056407" ext-link-type="pubmed"><article-title>Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR</article-title></related-article></article-meta></front><body><p>I am grateful that Dr. Lim and his colleagues reported a case of COVID-19 that caused tertiary transmission in Korea and added information about the novel infectious disease.<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref> In this report, the authors emphasized the decrease in viral titer due to the effects of antiviral administration. However, I would like to discuss what to look out for when interpreting the causal relationship between laboratory results and therapeutic effects.</p><p>Lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r) is considered a promising treatment option for COVID-19 based on the 2003 SARS treatment experience.<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> However, care should be taken when administering because there are no or little clinical evidence for the new virus, SARS-CoV-2. I have treated with LPV/r as an antiviral agent in patients with pneumonia caused by COVID-19, but the disease course has not improved dramatically.<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref> Fortunately, the patient did not develop acute respiratory failure, but it was not clear whether it was an effect of antiviral drug.</p><p>According to the Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases in KCDC, the upper limit of Ct value for positive RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 is 35, and the negative criterion is Ct value 37 or higher. In this case report, it is difficult to determine that the test result is positive because the Ct value is 35.66 on day 10, the day of the antiviral treatment. If there was a virus, it would have remained a very low titer. Since LPV/r was administered during the virus titer reduction from 30.71 (day 9) to 35.66 (day 10), I think two consecutive negative results are more likely to be due to the natural history of the disease than to antiviral agents. Furthermore, the authors did not explain why Ct values are consistently detected near positive criteria from day 4 of treatment despite the continued use of antiviral agents.</p><p>The authors say they do not know whether the decrease in virus titer is a natural course or antiviral effect, or both. However, the authors are making a leap of logic that LPV/r administration reduces viral load. Also, the authors explain that LPV/r administration has also improved clinical symptoms. However, The fever has already been falling from the day before, and the cough lasted for few more days. Since LPV/r was given to patients on day 10, it could not be regarded as being administered in the early stages of the disease. However, the authors argue that antivirals should be given early in the disease, based on this case. For the reasons described so far, it is difficult to say that LPV/r lowers the virus level or improves symptoms or is "recommended" for COVID-19 treatment based on this case report alone.</p><p>Regardless of the case report, I still believe that LPV/r is a promising antiviral agent for the treatment of COVID-19. However, it is clear that well-designed studies have to be carried out to build more evidence so that they can be recommended as therapeutic agents.</p><p>Research is a very important component of the response during an outbreak. But even if the epidemic is underway, we should reiterate that we should try to find evidence based on a scientific background, and be careful to advise what is not.</p></body><back><fn-group><fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p><bold>Disclosure:</bold> The author has no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Jeon</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>HY</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Seong</surname><given-names>YM</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>WJ</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Case of the index patient who caused tertiary transmission of Coronavirus disease 2019 in Korea: the application of lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia monitored by quantitative RT-PCR</article-title><source>J Korean Med Sci</source><year>2020</year><volume>35</volume><issue>6</issue><elocation-id>e79</elocation-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32056407</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chu</surname><given-names>CM</given-names></name><name><surname>Cheng</surname><given-names>VC</given-names></name><name><surname>Hung</surname><given-names>IF</given-names></name><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>MM</given-names></name><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>KH</given-names></name><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>KS</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings</article-title><source>Thorax</source><year>2004</year><volume>59</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>252</fpage><lpage>256</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14985565</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>KS</given-names></name><name><surname>Lai</surname><given-names>ST</given-names></name><name><surname>Chu</surname><given-names>CM</given-names></name><name><surname>Tsui</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Tam</surname><given-names>CY</given-names></name><name><surname>Wong</surname><given-names>MM</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome with lopinavir/ritonavir: a multicentre retrospective matched cohort study</article-title><source>Hong Kong Med J</source><year>2003</year><volume>9</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>399</fpage><lpage>406</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14660806</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>JY</given-names></name><name><surname>Choe</surname><given-names>PG</given-names></name><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Oh</surname><given-names>KJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>SJ</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>The first case of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia imported into Korea from Wuhan, China: implication for infection prevention and control measures</article-title><source>J Korean Med Sci</source><year>2020</year><volume>35</volume><issue>5</issue><elocation-id>e61</elocation-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32030925</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><response id="RE1" response-type="reply"><front-stub><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e89</article-id><title-group><article-title>The Author's Response: Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3553-0058</contrib-id><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>Jaegyun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4320-2644</contrib-id><name><surname>Jeon</surname><given-names>Seunghyun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7261-3365</contrib-id><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>Hyun-Young</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-9116</contrib-id><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Moon Jung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9650-6353</contrib-id><name><surname>Seong</surname><given-names>Yu Min</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3042-1557</contrib-id><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Wang Jun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-6492</contrib-id><name><surname>Choe</surname><given-names>Kang-Won</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4368-9878</contrib-id><name><surname>Kang</surname><given-names>Yu Min</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7867-8434</contrib-id><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Baeckseung</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-6272</contrib-id><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Sang-Joon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">8</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A2"><label>1</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><aff id="A3"><label>2</label>New Horizon Cancer Institute, Myongji Hospital, Goyang,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><aff id="A4"><label>3</label>Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><aff id="A5"><label>4</label>Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><aff id="A6"><label>5</label>Office of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Department of General Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><aff id="A7"><label>6</label>Department of Infectious Diseases, Myongji Hospital, Goyang,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><aff id="A8"><label>7</label>CancerROP, Seoul,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><aff id="A9"><label>8</label>Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang,<country>Korea</country>.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Address for Correspondence: Sang-Joon Park, MD, PhD. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Myongji Hospital, 55 Hwasu-ro 14-beon-gil, Deogyang-gu, Goyang 10475, Republic of Korea. <email>drjoseph@mjh.or.kr</email></corresp><corresp>Address for Correspondence: Baeckseung Lee, PhD. CancerROP, 173 Digital-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08511, Republic of Korea. <email>baeckseung@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><day>24</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>7</issue><elocation-id>e89</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>19</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></date></history></front-stub><body><p>I appreciate Dr. Kim's interest in our article entitled “Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea” and we would like to thank him for his critical comment to improve our article.<xref rid="BC1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></p><p>Our report focused on the decrease of virus loads and the alleviation of the patient's symptoms during lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) administration. As Dr. Kim mentioned in the letter, our findings did not prove whether it was caused by the natural course of the disease or by the effects of drug and there is no clinical evidence. We did not argue that the decline of viral load was caused solely by the antiviral agent we used and emphasize that broader clinical trials will be needed to reveal the therapeutic efficacy of this study of this antiviral agent.</p><p>Unfortunately, no drug or vaccine has yet been approved to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Favipiravir, ribavirin, remdesivir and galidesivir could be good candidates as potential antiviral agents for the treatment.<xref rid="BC2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref> And many clinical trials on anti-HIV drugs, LPV/r and experimental antiviral agent, remdesevir are in the development process in China (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04261907">http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04261907</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04255017">http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04255017</ext-link>).<xref rid="BC2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref> There are reports that remdesevir and antimalarial agent, chloroquine effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.<xref rid="BC3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref> If these clinical studies are successful, they can provide us with more efficient treatment options and suggest better choices for COVID-19 treatment in high-risk groups (elderly patients or patients with underlying diseases).</p><p>What we discussed in this report is the relative quantitation of virus loads with qRT-PCR during LPV/r administration and alleviation of the patient's symptoms. Therefore, if better and broader clinical trials monitored by qRT-PCRs are designed and performed during antiviral agent administration, more accurate viral kinetics of COVID-19 will be obtained and the effects of the drug will be elucidated more clearly.</p><p>We are hoping that the outbreak may subside in a couple of months, with the consistent efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 worldwide, as in the cases of SARS and MERS. In the meantime we need to make great efforts to develop antiviral agents to treat COVID-19 as well.</p></body><back><fn-group><fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p><bold>Disclosure:</bold> The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><ref id="BC1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Jeon</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>HY</given-names></name><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Seong</surname><given-names>YM</given-names></name><name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>WJ</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Case of the index patient who caused tertiary transmission of Coronavirus disease 2019 in Korea: the application of lopinavir/ritonavir for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia monitored by quantitative RT-PCR</article-title><source>J Korean Med Sci</source><year>2020</year><volume>35</volume><issue>6</issue><elocation-id>e79</elocation-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">32056407</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="BC2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Clercq</surname><given-names>ED</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)</article-title><source>Nat Rev Drug Discov</source><comment>Forthcoming</comment><year>2020</year><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="BC3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>X</given-names></name><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro</article-title><source>Cell Res</source><comment>Forthcoming</comment><year>2020</year><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></response></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/CovidV2/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000610 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000610 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= CovidV2
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:7036343
|texte= Letter to the Editor: Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:32080992" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidV2
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |