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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Responses of the Toll-like receptor and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 signaling pathways to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection in chicks</title><author><name sortKey="He, Yining" sort="He, Yining" uniqKey="He Y" first="Yining" last="He">Yining He</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, Zhiwen" sort="Xie, Zhiwen" uniqKey="Xie Z" first="Zhiwen" last="Xie">Zhiwen Xie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dai, Jinglong" sort="Dai, Jinglong" uniqKey="Dai J" first="Jinglong" last="Dai">Jinglong Dai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Yanjie" sort="Cao, Yanjie" uniqKey="Cao Y" first="Yanjie" last="Cao">Yanjie Cao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, Jinlian" sort="Hou, Jinlian" uniqKey="Hou J" first="Jinlian" last="Hou">Jinlian Hou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Yansheng" sort="Zheng, Yansheng" uniqKey="Zheng Y" first="Yansheng" last="Zheng">Yansheng Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, Tianchao" sort="Wei, Tianchao" uniqKey="Wei T" first="Tianchao" last="Wei">Tianchao Wei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mo, Meilan" sort="Mo, Meilan" uniqKey="Mo M" first="Meilan" last="Mo">Meilan Mo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, Ping" sort="Wei, Ping" uniqKey="Wei P" first="Ping" last="Wei">Ping Wei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26920710</idno><idno type="pmc">7090632</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7090632</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7090632</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s12250-015-3696-y</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000354</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000354</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Responses of the Toll-like receptor and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 signaling pathways to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection in chicks</title><author><name sortKey="He, Yining" sort="He, Yining" uniqKey="He Y" first="Yining" last="He">Yining He</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, Zhiwen" sort="Xie, Zhiwen" uniqKey="Xie Z" first="Zhiwen" last="Xie">Zhiwen Xie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dai, Jinglong" sort="Dai, Jinglong" uniqKey="Dai J" first="Jinglong" last="Dai">Jinglong Dai</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cao, Yanjie" sort="Cao, Yanjie" uniqKey="Cao Y" first="Yanjie" last="Cao">Yanjie Cao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, Jinlian" sort="Hou, Jinlian" uniqKey="Hou J" first="Jinlian" last="Hou">Jinlian Hou</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Yansheng" sort="Zheng, Yansheng" uniqKey="Zheng Y" first="Yansheng" last="Zheng">Yansheng Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, Tianchao" sort="Wei, Tianchao" uniqKey="Wei T" first="Tianchao" last="Wei">Tianchao Wei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mo, Meilan" sort="Mo, Meilan" uniqKey="Mo M" first="Meilan" last="Mo">Meilan Mo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wei, Ping" sort="Wei, Ping" uniqKey="Wei P" first="Ping" last="Wei">Ping Wei</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Virologica Sinica</title><idno type="ISSN">1674-0769</idno><idno type="eISSN">1995-820X</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a <italic>Gammacoronavirus</italic> in the family <italic>Coronaviridae</italic> and causes highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. Innate immunity plays significant roles in host defense against IBV. Here, we explored the interaction between IBV and the host innate immune system. Severe histopathological lesions were observed in the tracheal mucosa at 3-5 days post inoculation (dpi) and in the kidney at 8 dpi, with heavy viral loads at 1-11 and 1-28 dpi, respectively. The expression of mRNAs encoding Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR7 were upregulated at 3-8 dpi, and that of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon (IFN) β (TRIF) was upregulated at 21 dpi in the trachea and kidney. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) was upregulated in the trachea during early infection. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 3 and TRAF6 were upregulated expression in both tissues. Moreover, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), stimulator of IFN genes (STING), and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), as well as TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) ε, IKKα, IKKβ, IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7, nuclear factor of kappaB (NF-ĸB), IFN-α, IFN-β, various interleukins(ILs), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) were significantly upregulated in the trachea and downregulated in the kidney. These results suggested that the TLR and MDA5 signaling pathways and innate immune cytokine were induced after IBV infection. Additionally, consistent responses to IBV infection were observed during early infection, with differential and complicated responses in the kidney.<graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="12250_2015_3696_Figa_HTML" id="d29e232"></graphic></p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Awad, F" uniqKey="Awad F">F Awad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chhabra, R" uniqKey="Chhabra R">R Chhabra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baylis, M" uniqKey="Baylis M">M Baylis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ganapathy, K" uniqKey="Ganapathy K">K Ganapathy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Benyeda, Z" uniqKey="Benyeda Z">Z Benyeda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mato, T" uniqKey="Mato T">T Mato</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suveges, T" uniqKey="Suveges T">T Suveges</name></author><author><name sortKey="Szabo, E" uniqKey="Szabo E">E Szabo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kardi, V" uniqKey="Kardi V">V Kardi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abonyi Toth, Z" uniqKey="Abonyi Toth Z">Z Abonyi-Toth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rusvai, M" uniqKey="Rusvai M">M Rusvai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Palya, V" uniqKey="Palya V">V Palya</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cao, L" uniqKey="Cao L">L Cao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ge, X" uniqKey="Ge X">X Ge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, Y" uniqKey="Gao Y">Y Gao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Y" uniqKey="Ren Y">Y Ren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, X" uniqKey="Ren X">X Ren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, G" uniqKey="Li G">G Li</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cavanagh, D" uniqKey="Cavanagh D">D Cavanagh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cavanagh, D" uniqKey="Cavanagh D">D Cavanagh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, L" uniqKey="Chen L">L Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, T" uniqKey="Zhang T">T Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Z" uniqKey="Han Z">Z Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, S" uniqKey="Liang S">S Liang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Y" uniqKey="Xu Y">Y Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Q" uniqKey="Xu Q">Q Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Y" uniqKey="Chen Y">Y Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Y" uniqKey="Zhao Y">Y Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shao, Y" uniqKey="Shao Y">Y Shao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, H" uniqKey="Li H">H Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, K" uniqKey="Wang K">K Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, X" uniqKey="Kong X">X Kong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, S" uniqKey="Liu S">S Liu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Y" uniqKey="Cheng Y">Y Cheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Y" uniqKey="Sun Y">Y Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, H" uniqKey="Wang H">H Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yan, Y" uniqKey="Yan Y">Y Yan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, C" uniqKey="Ding C">C Ding</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, J" uniqKey="Sun J">J Sun</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chousalkar, Kk" uniqKey="Chousalkar K">KK Chousalkar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Jr" uniqKey="Roberts J">JR Roberts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reece, R" uniqKey="Reece R">R Reece</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cong, F" uniqKey="Cong F">F Cong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, X" uniqKey="Liu X">X Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Z" uniqKey="Han Z">Z Han</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shao, Y" uniqKey="Shao Y">Y Shao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kong, X" uniqKey="Kong X">X Kong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, S" uniqKey="Liu S">S Liu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cook, Jk" uniqKey="Cook J">JK Cook</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jackwood, M" uniqKey="Jackwood M">M Jackwood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Rc" uniqKey="Jones R">RC Jones</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dar, A" uniqKey="Dar A">A Dar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tikoo, S" uniqKey="Tikoo S">S Tikoo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Potter, A" uniqKey="Potter A">A Potter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Babiuk, La" uniqKey="Babiuk L">LA Babiuk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Townsend, H" uniqKey="Townsend H">H Townsend</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gerdts, V" uniqKey="Gerdts V">V Gerdts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mutwiri, G" uniqKey="Mutwiri G">G Mutwiri</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dosch, Sf" uniqKey="Dosch S">SF Dosch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mahajan, Sd" uniqKey="Mahajan S">SD Mahajan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Ar" uniqKey="Collins A">AR Collins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fan, Wq" uniqKey="Fan W">WQ Fan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Hn" uniqKey="Wang H">HN Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guan, Zb" uniqKey="Guan Z">ZB Guan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, T" uniqKey="Wang T">T Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Cw" uniqKey="Xu C">CW Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Ay" uniqKey="Zhang A">AY Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, X" uniqKey="Yang X">X Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frieman, M" uniqKey="Frieman M">M Frieman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ratia, K" uniqKey="Ratia K">K Ratia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnston, Re" uniqKey="Johnston R">RE Johnston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mesecar, Ad" uniqKey="Mesecar A">AD Mesecar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baric, Rs" uniqKey="Baric R">RS Baric</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guo, X" uniqKey="Guo X">X Guo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rosa, Aj" uniqKey="Rosa A">AJ Rosa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Dg" uniqKey="Chen D">DG Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ignjatovic, J" uniqKey="Ignjatovic J">J Ignjatovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ashton, Df" uniqKey="Ashton D">DF Ashton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reece, R" uniqKey="Reece R">R Reece</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, P" uniqKey="Scott P">P Scott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hooper, P" uniqKey="Hooper P">P Hooper</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jang, H" uniqKey="Jang H">H Jang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koo, Bs" uniqKey="Koo B">BS Koo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jeon, Eo" uniqKey="Jeon E">EO Jeon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Hr" uniqKey="Lee H">HR Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sm" uniqKey="Lee S">SM Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mo, Ip" uniqKey="Mo I">IP Mo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kameka, Am" uniqKey="Kameka A">AM Kameka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haddadi, S" uniqKey="Haddadi S">S Haddadi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Ds" uniqKey="Kim D">DS 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Virol Sin</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Virol Sin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Virologica Sinica</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1674-0769</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-820X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Springer Singapore</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Singapore</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26920710</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7090632</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3696</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12250-015-3696-y</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Responses of the Toll-like receptor and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 signaling pathways to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection in chicks</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>He</surname><given-names>Yining</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xie</surname><given-names>Zhiwen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dai</surname><given-names>Jinglong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>Yanjie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hou</surname><given-names>Jinlian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>Yansheng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wei</surname><given-names>Tianchao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Mo</surname><given-names>Meilan</given-names></name><address><phone>+86-771-323-8118</phone><fax>+86-771-323-8118</fax><email>momeilan@163.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Wei</surname><given-names>Ping</given-names></name><address><phone>+86-771-323-5638</phone><fax>+86-771-323-5650</fax><email>pingwei8@126.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.256609.e</institution-id><institution>College of Animal Science and Technology,</institution><institution>Guangxi University,</institution></institution-wrap>Nanning, 530004 China</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>2</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>1</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS and Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016</copyright-statement><license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><p>Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a <italic>Gammacoronavirus</italic> in the family <italic>Coronaviridae</italic> and causes highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. Innate immunity plays significant roles in host defense against IBV. Here, we explored the interaction between IBV and the host innate immune system. Severe histopathological lesions were observed in the tracheal mucosa at 3-5 days post inoculation (dpi) and in the kidney at 8 dpi, with heavy viral loads at 1-11 and 1-28 dpi, respectively. The expression of mRNAs encoding Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and TLR7 were upregulated at 3-8 dpi, and that of TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon (IFN) β (TRIF) was upregulated at 21 dpi in the trachea and kidney. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) was upregulated in the trachea during early infection. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 3 and TRAF6 were upregulated expression in both tissues. Moreover, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2), stimulator of IFN genes (STING), and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), as well as TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK) ε, IKKα, IKKβ, IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7, nuclear factor of kappaB (NF-ĸB), IFN-α, IFN-β, various interleukins(ILs), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) were significantly upregulated in the trachea and downregulated in the kidney. These results suggested that the TLR and MDA5 signaling pathways and innate immune cytokine were induced after IBV infection. Additionally, consistent responses to IBV infection were observed during early infection, with differential and complicated responses in the kidney.<graphic position="anchor" xlink:href="12250_2015_3696_Figa_HTML" id="d29e232"></graphic></p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>infectious bronchitis virus</kwd><kwd>Toll-like receptor signal pathway</kwd><kwd>melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 signal pathway</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS and Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><back><fn-group><fn><p>ORCID: 0000-0003-3903-0509</p></fn><fn><p>ORCID: 0000-0003-1159-5145</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title><ref id="CR1"><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group 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