Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs
Identifieur interne : 000239 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000238; suivant : 000240Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs
Auteurs : Hui Luo ; Qiao-Ling Tang ; Ya-Xi Shang ; Shi-Bing Liang ; Ming Yang ; Nicola Robinson ; Jian-Ping LiuSource :
- Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine [ 1672-0415 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Since December 2019, an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread to almost all parts of China. This was followed by prevention programs recommending Chinese medicine (CM) for the prevention. In order to provide evidence for CM recommendations, we reviewed ancient classics and human studies.
Historical records on prevention and treatment of infections in CM classics, clinical evidence of CM on the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 influenza, and CM prevention programs issued by health authorities in China since the COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved from different databases and websites till 12 February, 2020. Research evidence included data from clinical trials, cohort or other population studies using CM for preventing contagious respiratory virus diseases.
The use of CM to prevent epidemics of infectious diseases was traced back to ancient Chinese practice cited in Huangdi’s Internal Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing) where preventive effects were recorded. There were 3 studies using CM for prevention of SARS and 4 studies for H1N1 influenza. None of the participants who took CM contracted SARS in the 3 studies. The infection rate of H1N1 influenza in the CM group was significantly lower than the non-CM group (relative risk 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.52; n=4). For prevention of COVID-19, 23 provinces in China issued CM programs. The main principles of CM use were to tonify qi to protect from external pathogens, disperse wind and discharge heat, and resolve dampness. The most frequently used herbs included
Based on historical records and human evidence of SARS and H1N1 influenza prevention, Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk population. Prospective, rigorous population studies are warranted to confirm the potential preventive effect of CM.
Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11655-020-3192-6.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3192-6
PubMed: 32065348
PubMed Central: 7088641
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PMC:7088641Le document en format XML
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Medicine and Western Medicine,</institution><institution>Guangzhou Medical University,</institution></institution-wrap>Guangzhou, 510120 China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32065348</idno><idno type="pmc">7088641</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7088641</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7088641</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s11655-020-3192-6</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000239</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000239</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs</title><author><name sortKey="Luo, Hui" sort="Luo, Hui" uniqKey="Luo H" first="Hui" last="Luo">Hui Luo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Institute for Tibetan Medicine, China Tibetology Research Center, Beijing, 100101 China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24695.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1431 9176</institution-id><institution>Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine,</institution><institution>Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Beijing, 100029 China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang, Qiao Ling" sort="Tang, Qiao Ling" uniqKey="Tang Q" first="Qiao-Ling" last="Tang">Qiao-Ling Tang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24695.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1431 9176</institution-id><institution>School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,</institution><institution>Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Beijing, 100029 China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shang, Ya Xi" sort="Shang, Ya Xi" uniqKey="Shang Y" first="Ya-Xi" last="Shang">Ya-Xi Shang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24695.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1431 9176</institution-id><institution>Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine,</institution><institution>Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Beijing, 100029 China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id 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institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24695.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1431 9176</institution-id><institution>School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,</institution><institution>Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Beijing, 100029 China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Ming" sort="Yang, Ming" uniqKey="Yang M" first="Ming" last="Yang">Ming Yang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24695.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1431 9176</institution-id><institution>Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine,</institution><institution>Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Beijing, 100029 China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24695.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1431 9176</institution-id><institution>School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,</institution><institution>Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Beijing, 100029 China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robinson, Nicola" sort="Robinson, Nicola" uniqKey="Robinson N" first="Nicola" last="Robinson">Nicola Robinson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24695.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1431 9176</institution-id><institution>Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine,</institution><institution>Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Beijing, 100029 China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4756.0</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2112 2291</institution-id><institution>School of Health and Social Care,</institution><institution>London South Bank University,</institution></institution-wrap>London, SE1 0AA UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Jian Ping" sort="Liu, Jian Ping" uniqKey="Liu J" first="Jian-Ping" last="Liu">Jian-Ping Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24695.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1431 9176</institution-id><institution>Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine,</institution><institution>Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Beijing, 100029 China</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410737.6</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8653 1072</institution-id><institution>Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine,</institution><institution>Guangzhou Medical University,</institution></institution-wrap>Guangzhou, 510120 China</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">1672-0415</idno><idno type="eISSN">1993-0402</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Since December 2019, an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread to almost all parts of China. This was followed by prevention programs recommending Chinese medicine (CM) for the prevention. In order to provide evidence for CM recommendations, we reviewed ancient classics and human studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Historical records on prevention and treatment of infections in CM classics, clinical evidence of CM on the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 influenza, and CM prevention programs issued by health authorities in China since the COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved from different databases and websites till 12 February, 2020. Research evidence included data from clinical trials, cohort or other population studies using CM for preventing contagious respiratory virus diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The use of CM to prevent epidemics of infectious diseases was traced back to ancient Chinese practice cited in Huangdi’s Internal Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing) where preventive effects were recorded. There were 3 studies using CM for prevention of SARS and 4 studies for H1N1 influenza. None of the participants who took CM contracted SARS in the 3 studies. The infection rate of H1N1 influenza in the CM group was significantly lower than the non-CM group (relative risk 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.52; n=4). For prevention of COVID-19, 23 provinces in China issued CM programs. The main principles of CM use were to tonify qi to protect from external pathogens, disperse wind and discharge heat, and resolve dampness. The most frequently used herbs included <italic>Radix astragali</italic> (Huangqi), <italic>Radix glycyrrhizae</italic> (Gancao), <italic>Radix saposhnikoviae</italic> (Fangfeng), <italic>Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae</italic> (Baizhu), <italic>Lonicerae Japonicae Flos</italic> (Jinyinhua), and <italic>Fructus forsythia</italic> (Lianqiao).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Based on historical records and human evidence of SARS and H1N1 influenza prevention, Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk population. Prospective, rigorous population studies are warranted to confirm the potential preventive effect of CM.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic Supplementary Material</title><p>Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11655-020-3192-6.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, N" uniqKey="Chen N">N Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, M" uniqKey="Zhou M">M Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, X" uniqKey="Dong X">X Dong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qu, J" uniqKey="Qu J">J Qu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gong, F" uniqKey="Gong F">F Gong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, Y" uniqKey="Han Y">Y Han</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, C H" uniqKey="Wang C">C H Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="P, W H" uniqKey="P W">W H 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Chin J Integr Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Chin J Integr Med</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1672-0415</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1993-0402</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Berlin/Heidelberg</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32065348</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7088641</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3192</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11655-020-3192-6</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Hot Topic</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luo</surname><given-names>Hui</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tang</surname><given-names>Qiao-ling</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shang</surname><given-names>Ya-xi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>Shi-bing</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Ming</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Robinson</surname><given-names>Nicola</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Jian-ping</given-names></name><address><email>jianping_l@hotmail.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>Institute for Tibetan Medicine, China Tibetology Research Center, Beijing, 100101 China</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24695.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1431 9176</institution-id><institution>Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine,</institution><institution>Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Beijing, 100029 China</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.24695.3c</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 1431 9176</institution-id><institution>School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,</institution><institution>Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,</institution></institution-wrap>Beijing, 100029 China</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4756.0</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2112 2291</institution-id><institution>School of Health and Social Care,</institution><institution>London South Bank University,</institution></institution-wrap>London, SE1 0AA UK</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410737.6</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 8653 1072</institution-id><institution>Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine,</institution><institution>Guangzhou Medical University,</institution></institution-wrap>Guangzhou, 510120 China</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020</copyright-statement><license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Since December 2019, an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread to almost all parts of China. This was followed by prevention programs recommending Chinese medicine (CM) for the prevention. In order to provide evidence for CM recommendations, we reviewed ancient classics and human studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Historical records on prevention and treatment of infections in CM classics, clinical evidence of CM on the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 influenza, and CM prevention programs issued by health authorities in China since the COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved from different databases and websites till 12 February, 2020. Research evidence included data from clinical trials, cohort or other population studies using CM for preventing contagious respiratory virus diseases.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The use of CM to prevent epidemics of infectious diseases was traced back to ancient Chinese practice cited in Huangdi’s Internal Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing) where preventive effects were recorded. There were 3 studies using CM for prevention of SARS and 4 studies for H1N1 influenza. None of the participants who took CM contracted SARS in the 3 studies. The infection rate of H1N1 influenza in the CM group was significantly lower than the non-CM group (relative risk 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.24–0.52; n=4). For prevention of COVID-19, 23 provinces in China issued CM programs. The main principles of CM use were to tonify qi to protect from external pathogens, disperse wind and discharge heat, and resolve dampness. The most frequently used herbs included <italic>Radix astragali</italic> (Huangqi), <italic>Radix glycyrrhizae</italic> (Gancao), <italic>Radix saposhnikoviae</italic> (Fangfeng), <italic>Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae</italic> (Baizhu), <italic>Lonicerae Japonicae Flos</italic> (Jinyinhua), and <italic>Fructus forsythia</italic> (Lianqiao).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Based on historical records and human evidence of SARS and H1N1 influenza prevention, Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk population. Prospective, rigorous population studies are warranted to confirm the potential preventive effect of CM.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic Supplementary Material</title><p>Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11655-020-3192-6.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Chinese medicine</kwd><kwd>corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)</kwd><kwd>prevention program</kwd><kwd>clinical evidence</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="supplementary-material"><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><sec id="Sec1"><p><supplementary-material content-type="local-data" id="MOESM1"><media xlink:href="11655_2020_3192_MOESM1_ESM.pdf"><caption><p>Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs</p></caption></media></supplementary-material></p></sec></sec></body><back><fn-group><fn><p>Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81830115), China; Prof. Nicola Robinson (visiting professor of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine) is supported by the Overseas Expertise Project, Ministry of Education of China (No. MS20080009)</p></fn></fn-group><notes notes-type="author-contribution"><title>Author Contributions</title><p>Luo H, Tang QL, and Liu JP conceived of the design and carried out the study. Tang QL undertook the literature review of historical evidence and assisted in writing the manuscript. Shang YX and Liang SB translated and assisted in analyzing Chinese data. Yang M provided suggestions for the design of study. Luo H undertook the literature review of prevention programs and wrote the manuscript. Liu JP supervised the study and revised the manuscript. Robinson N revised the manuscript and provided important perspectives. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. 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