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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Characterisation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates during the 2014–2015 outbreak in the Philippines</title>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, Gemerlyn G" sort="Garcia, Gemerlyn G" uniqKey="Garcia G" first="Gemerlyn G." last="Garcia">Gemerlyn G. Garcia</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.443260.7</institution-id>
<institution>College of Veterinary Science and Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Central Luzon State University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aquino, Mark Arman D" sort="Aquino, Mark Arman D" uniqKey="Aquino M" first="Mark Arman D." last="Aquino">Mark Arman D. Aquino</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.443260.7</institution-id>
<institution>College of Veterinary Science and Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Central Luzon State University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balbin, Michelle M" sort="Balbin, Michelle M" uniqKey="Balbin M" first="Michelle M." last="Balbin">Michelle M. Balbin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belotindos, Lawrence P" sort="Belotindos, Lawrence P" uniqKey="Belotindos L" first="Lawrence P." last="Belotindos">Lawrence P. Belotindos</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Supnet, Jonathan G" sort="Supnet, Jonathan G" uniqKey="Supnet J" first="Jonathan G." last="Supnet">Jonathan G. Supnet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Angeles Core Enterprise Inc., Pulung Cacutud, 2009 Angeles City, Pampanga Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mingala, Claro N" sort="Mingala, Claro N" uniqKey="Mingala C" first="Claro N." last="Mingala">Claro N. Mingala</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.443260.7</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture,</institution>
<institution>Central Luzon State University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">30159369</idno>
<idno type="pmc">6111962</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6111962</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:6111962</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1007/s13337-018-0470-4</idno>
<date when="2018">2018</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000159</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000159</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Characterisation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates during the 2014–2015 outbreak in the Philippines</title>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia, Gemerlyn G" sort="Garcia, Gemerlyn G" uniqKey="Garcia G" first="Gemerlyn G." last="Garcia">Gemerlyn G. Garcia</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.443260.7</institution-id>
<institution>College of Veterinary Science and Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Central Luzon State University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aquino, Mark Arman D" sort="Aquino, Mark Arman D" uniqKey="Aquino M" first="Mark Arman D." last="Aquino">Mark Arman D. Aquino</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.443260.7</institution-id>
<institution>College of Veterinary Science and Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Central Luzon State University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balbin, Michelle M" sort="Balbin, Michelle M" uniqKey="Balbin M" first="Michelle M." last="Balbin">Michelle M. Balbin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Belotindos, Lawrence P" sort="Belotindos, Lawrence P" uniqKey="Belotindos L" first="Lawrence P." last="Belotindos">Lawrence P. Belotindos</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Supnet, Jonathan G" sort="Supnet, Jonathan G" uniqKey="Supnet J" first="Jonathan G." last="Supnet">Jonathan G. Supnet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Angeles Core Enterprise Inc., Pulung Cacutud, 2009 Angeles City, Pampanga Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mingala, Claro N" sort="Mingala, Claro N" uniqKey="Mingala C" first="Claro N." last="Mingala">Claro N. Mingala</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.443260.7</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture,</institution>
<institution>Central Luzon State University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">VirusDisease</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2347-3584</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2347-3517</idno>
<imprint><date when="2018">2018</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par1">The viral agent of the porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) was investigated during the reported 2014–2015 outbreaks in commercial farms in Central Luzon, Philippines. The study covered detection of PED virus (PEDV) in fecal and intestinal samples through reverse transcription PCR and sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid (N) gene. Results showed that 10 out of 34 fecal and intestinal samples examined were positive for PEDV. The partial nucleotide sequence of the N gene of the field samples showed 98–99% homologous to PEDV sequences registered in the GenBank. It was also noted that N gene sequences between field samples were 98% homologous. Interestingly, the partial sequences of the N genes of the field samples were genetically similar to the PEDV isolates from USA, China, Mexico, Canada and Japan. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the Philippine samples clustered in group 2–1 of the PEDV, wherein the isolates of this group were responsible for the outbreaks in Asia and the USA. Analysis of the partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed polymorphisms, deletions and insertions in the N-gene of the PEDV. Amino acid sequence alignment also showed deletions and insertion in the PEDV detected in the Philippines.</p>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (10.1007/s13337-018-0470-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Virusdisease</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Virusdisease</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>VirusDisease</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2347-3584</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2347-3517</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Springer India</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>New Delhi</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">30159369</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">6111962</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">470</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s13337-018-0470-4</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Characterisation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates during the 2014–2015 outbreak in the Philippines</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Garcia</surname>
<given-names>Gemerlyn G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Aquino</surname>
<given-names>Mark Arman D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Balbin</surname>
<given-names>Michelle M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Belotindos</surname>
<given-names>Lawrence P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Supnet</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Mingala</surname>
<given-names>Claro N.</given-names>
</name>
<address><phone>+63 44 456 0731</phone>
<email>cnmingala@hotmail.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.443260.7</institution-id>
<institution>College of Veterinary Science and Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Central Luzon State University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>
Biosafety and Environment Section, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool, 3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>
Angeles Core Enterprise Inc., Pulung Cacutud, 2009 Angeles City, Pampanga Philippines</aff>
<aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.443260.7</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture,</institution>
<institution>Central Luzon State University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
3120 Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija Philippines</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>9</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>29</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>342</fpage>
<lpage>348</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>7</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>8</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2018</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Indian Virological Society 2018</copyright-statement>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><p id="Par1">The viral agent of the porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) was investigated during the reported 2014–2015 outbreaks in commercial farms in Central Luzon, Philippines. The study covered detection of PED virus (PEDV) in fecal and intestinal samples through reverse transcription PCR and sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid (N) gene. Results showed that 10 out of 34 fecal and intestinal samples examined were positive for PEDV. The partial nucleotide sequence of the N gene of the field samples showed 98–99% homologous to PEDV sequences registered in the GenBank. It was also noted that N gene sequences between field samples were 98% homologous. Interestingly, the partial sequences of the N genes of the field samples were genetically similar to the PEDV isolates from USA, China, Mexico, Canada and Japan. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the Philippine samples clustered in group 2–1 of the PEDV, wherein the isolates of this group were responsible for the outbreaks in Asia and the USA. Analysis of the partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed polymorphisms, deletions and insertions in the N-gene of the PEDV. Amino acid sequence alignment also showed deletions and insertion in the PEDV detected in the Philippines.</p>
<sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title>
<p>The online version of this article (10.1007/s13337-018-0470-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus</kwd>
<kwd>Nucleocapsid gene</kwd>
<kwd>Nucleotide polymorphisms</kwd>
<kwd>Phylogenetic tree analysis</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© Indian Virological Society 2018</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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