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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Lidocaine during intubation and extubation in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)</title>
<author><name sortKey="Aminnejad, Reza" sort="Aminnejad, Reza" uniqKey="Aminnejad R" first="Reza" last="Aminnejad">Reza Aminnejad</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.444830.f</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0384 871X</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,</institution>
<institution>Qom University of Medical Sciences,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Qom, Iran</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411600.2</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,</institution>
<institution>Shahid Beheshti Medical University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salimi, Alireza" sort="Salimi, Alireza" uniqKey="Salimi A" first="Alireza" last="Salimi">Alireza Salimi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411600.2</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,</institution>
<institution>Shahid Beheshti Medical University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saeidi, Mohammad" sort="Saeidi, Mohammad" uniqKey="Saeidi M" first="Mohammad" last="Saeidi">Mohammad Saeidi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.444830.f</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0384 871X</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,</institution>
<institution>Qom University of Medical Sciences,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Qom, Iran</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<idno type="pmid">32180173</idno>
<idno type="pmc">7090453</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7090453</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:7090453</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1007/s12630-020-01627-2</idno>
<date when="2020">2020</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Lidocaine during intubation and extubation in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)</title>
<author><name sortKey="Aminnejad, Reza" sort="Aminnejad, Reza" uniqKey="Aminnejad R" first="Reza" last="Aminnejad">Reza Aminnejad</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.444830.f</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0384 871X</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,</institution>
<institution>Qom University of Medical Sciences,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Qom, Iran</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411600.2</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,</institution>
<institution>Shahid Beheshti Medical University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salimi, Alireza" sort="Salimi, Alireza" uniqKey="Salimi A" first="Alireza" last="Salimi">Alireza Salimi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411600.2</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,</institution>
<institution>Shahid Beheshti Medical University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Tehran, Iran</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saeidi, Mohammad" sort="Saeidi, Mohammad" uniqKey="Saeidi M" first="Mohammad" last="Saeidi">Mohammad Saeidi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.444830.f</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0384 871X</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,</institution>
<institution>Qom University of Medical Sciences,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Qom, Iran</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0832-610X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1496-8975</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wax, Rs" uniqKey="Wax R">RS Wax</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Christian, Md" uniqKey="Christian M">MD Christian</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deng, Sq" uniqKey="Deng S">SQ Deng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peng, Hj" uniqKey="Peng H">HJ Peng</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pandey, Ck" uniqKey="Pandey C">CK Pandey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raza, M" uniqKey="Raza M">M Raza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ranjan, R" uniqKey="Ranjan R">R Ranjan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peng, Pw" uniqKey="Peng P">PW Peng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ho, Pl" uniqKey="Ho P">PL Ho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hota, Ss" uniqKey="Hota S">SS Hota</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, Ss" uniqKey="Yang S">SS Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Nn" uniqKey="Wang N">NN Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Postonogova, T" uniqKey="Postonogova T">T Postonogova</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="letter"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Can J Anaesth</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Can J Anaesth</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0832-610X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1496-8975</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Springer International Publishing</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Cham</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32180173</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7090453</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1627</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12630-020-01627-2</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Correspondence</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Lidocaine during intubation and extubation in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Aminnejad</surname>
<given-names>Reza</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<address><email>r.aminnejad@yahoo.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salimi</surname>
<given-names>Alireza</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Saeidi</surname>
<given-names>Mohammad</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.444830.f</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0384 871X</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,</institution>
<institution>Qom University of Medical Sciences,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Qom, Iran</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411600.2</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care,</institution>
<institution>Shahid Beheshti Medical University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Tehran, Iran</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>1</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>9</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2020</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>10</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2020</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>10</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2020</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society 2020</copyright-statement>
<license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body><p id="Par1"><bold>To the Editor,</bold>
</p>
<p id="Par2">In the months that have followed the initial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, a similar critical situation has developed in Iran. Anesthesiologists are at the forefront of this fight, particularly at the time of airway management. We have implemented into our daily practice the valuable points from the recently published review article by Wax and Christian “Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients”.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>
We would like to add two additional points to the others raised in their review.</p>
<p id="Par3">Cough is one of the major ways of human-to-human viral spread, and is one of the prevalent features of this infectious disease<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR2">2</xref>
; any airway instrumentation can also exacerbate it. Cough is a common event following premedication with an opioid such as fentanyl (given prior to induction of anesthesia) and can be prevented by a single intravenous dose of lidocaine.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>
One of the reasons complete muscle relaxation during endotracheal intubation in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients is recommended is to reduce coughing.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>
In addition, coughing and bucking are also prevalent events during extubation. Emergence coughing is a challenging issue and a variety of medications have been proposed to prevent it. Again, administration of intravenous lidocaine (which is readily available) prior to tracheal extubation can effectively reduce emergence coughing without any other significant side-effects.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>
Consideration should be given to injections of lidocaine at the beginning and the end of any procedure requiring intubation and/or extubation in patients with COVID-19.
</p>
</body>
<back><fn-group><fn><p><bold>Publisher's Note</bold>
</p>
<p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p>
</fn>
</fn-group>
<ack><sec id="FPar1"><title>Conflicts of interest</title>
<p id="Par4">None</p>
</sec>
<sec id="FPar2"><title>Funding statement</title>
<p id="Par5">None.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="FPar3"><title>Editorial responsibility</title>
<p id="Par6">This submission was handled by Dr. Hilary P. Grocott, Editor-in-Chief, <italic>Canadian Journal of Anesthesia.</italic>
</p>
</sec>
</ack>
<ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title>
<ref id="CR1"><label>1.</label>
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<given-names>RS</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Christian</surname>
<given-names>MD</given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title>Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients</article-title>
<source>Can J Anesth</source>
<year>2020</year>
<pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12630-020-01591-x</pub-id>
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</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR2"><label>2.</label>
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</person-group>
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<ref id="CR3"><label>3.</label>
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<etal></etal>
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</element-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="CR5"><label>5.</label>
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</name>
<name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>NN</given-names>
</name>
<name><surname>Postonogova</surname>
<given-names>T</given-names>
</name>
<etal></etal>
</person-group>
<article-title>Intravenous lidocaine to prevent postoperative airway complications in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis</article-title>
<source>Br J Anaesth</source>
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</element-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</pmc>
</record>
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