Patterns of between-farm contacts via professionals in Sweden
Identifieur interne : 000626 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000625; suivant : 000627Patterns of between-farm contacts via professionals in Sweden
Auteurs : Emelie Olofsson ; Maria Nöremark ; Susanna Sternberg LewerinSource :
- Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica [ 0044-605X ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Infectious diseases of livestock have negative consequences for animal production as well as animal health and welfare and can be transmitted between farms via direct (live animal movements) as well as indirect (via physical vectors such as, people, transport vehicles and fomites) contacts. The objective of the study was to examine the travel patterns of professionals visiting Swedish farms (veterinarians, milk tanker drivers, artificial inseminators, maintenance technicians and livestock hauliers). This was done by obtaining records of the farms visited by a sample of professionals in the above categories in one week in January, one week in April, one week in July and one week in October in the Swedish counties Västerbotten, Södermanland, Västergötland and Skåne.
There were twelve participating organisations, and data was provided for one to three individuals/vehicles/veterinary practices per professional category and per geographic region (except for dairy service technicians and livestock hauliers who did not provide data from all regions). There was a trend towards larger areas covered and smaller number of farms visited per week in the north, but exceptions occurred and there were regional variations. Generally, the greatest areas were travelled by milk tankers and livestock hauliers, and the profession travelling over the smallest areas tended to be the veterinarians. Milk tankers visited most farms per week, one milk tanker could visit between 23 and 90 farms per week and travel over areas between 717 km2 and 23,512 km2 per week.
Valuable insight into the travel patterns of Swedish professionals has emerged although the implications of the study largely concern highly infectious diseases. Movement of live animals pose the greatest risk for the spread of infectious animal diseases; however indirect contacts are important for many diseases. The results of this study indicate that in Sweden a highly contagious disease might spread over a large area in the time span of one incubation period, which ought to be kept in mind in case of an outbreak and in outbreak investigations. The difficulties in contacting some professionals visiting farms could be a problem in an outbreak situation.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-014-0070-2
PubMed: 25366065
PubMed Central: 4222379
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4222379Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Patterns of between-farm contacts via professionals in Sweden</title><author><name sortKey="Olofsson, Emelie" sort="Olofsson, Emelie" uniqKey="Olofsson E" first="Emelie" last="Olofsson">Emelie Olofsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7036, Uppsala, SE-750 07 Sweden</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SE-750 07 Sweden</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noremark, Maria" sort="Noremark, Maria" uniqKey="Noremark M" first="Maria" last="Nöremark">Maria Nöremark</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, SVA, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, SE-751 89 Sweden</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SE-751 89 Sweden</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewerin, Susanna Sternberg" sort="Lewerin, Susanna Sternberg" uniqKey="Lewerin S" first="Susanna Sternberg" last="Lewerin">Susanna Sternberg Lewerin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7036, Uppsala, SE-750 07 Sweden</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SE-750 07 Sweden</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25366065</idno><idno type="pmc">4222379</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4222379</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4222379</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s13028-014-0070-2</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000168</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000168</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000168</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000168</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000626</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000626</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Patterns of between-farm contacts via professionals in Sweden</title><author><name sortKey="Olofsson, Emelie" sort="Olofsson, Emelie" uniqKey="Olofsson E" first="Emelie" last="Olofsson">Emelie Olofsson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7036, Uppsala, SE-750 07 Sweden</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SE-750 07 Sweden</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noremark, Maria" sort="Noremark, Maria" uniqKey="Noremark M" first="Maria" last="Nöremark">Maria Nöremark</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, SVA, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, SE-751 89 Sweden</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SE-751 89 Sweden</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewerin, Susanna Sternberg" sort="Lewerin, Susanna Sternberg" uniqKey="Lewerin S" first="Susanna Sternberg" last="Lewerin">Susanna Sternberg Lewerin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7036, Uppsala, SE-750 07 Sweden</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SE-750 07 Sweden</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica</title><idno type="ISSN">0044-605X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1751-0147</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Infectious diseases of livestock have negative consequences for animal production as well as animal health and welfare and can be transmitted between farms via direct (live animal movements) as well as indirect (via physical vectors such as, people, transport vehicles and fomites) contacts. The objective of the study was to examine the travel patterns of professionals visiting Swedish farms (veterinarians, milk tanker drivers, artificial inseminators, maintenance technicians and livestock hauliers). This was done by obtaining records of the farms visited by a sample of professionals in the above categories in one week in January, one week in April, one week in July and one week in October in the Swedish counties Västerbotten, Södermanland, Västergötland and Skåne.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>There were twelve participating organisations, and data was provided for one to three individuals/vehicles/veterinary practices per professional category and per geographic region (except for dairy service technicians and livestock hauliers who did not provide data from all regions). There was a trend towards larger areas covered and smaller number of farms visited per week in the north, but exceptions occurred and there were regional variations. Generally, the greatest areas were travelled by milk tankers and livestock hauliers, and the profession travelling over the smallest areas tended to be the veterinarians. Milk tankers visited most farms per week, one milk tanker could visit between 23 and 90 farms per week and travel over areas between 717 km<sup>2</sup> and 23,512 km<sup>2</sup> per week.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Valuable insight into the travel patterns of Swedish professionals has emerged although the implications of the study largely concern highly infectious diseases. Movement of live animals pose the greatest risk for the spread of infectious animal diseases; however indirect contacts are important for many diseases. The results of this study indicate that in Sweden a highly contagious disease might spread over a large area in the time span of one incubation period, which ought to be kept in mind in case of an outbreak and in outbreak investigations. The difficulties in contacting some professionals visiting farms could be a problem in an outbreak situation.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Davies, G" uniqKey="Davies G">G Davies</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mee, Fj" uniqKey="Mee F">FJ Mee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Geraghty, T" uniqKey="Geraghty T">T Geraghty</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Eill, R" uniqKey="O Eill R">R O’Neill</name></author><author><name sortKey="More, Sj" uniqKey="More S">SJ More</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ellis Iversen, J" uniqKey="Ellis Iversen J">J Ellis-Iversen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Rp" uniqKey="Smith R">RP Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbens, Jc" uniqKey="Gibbens J">JC Gibbens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sharpe, Ce" uniqKey="Sharpe C">CE Sharpe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dominguez, M" uniqKey="Dominguez M">M Dominguez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cook, Ajc" uniqKey="Cook A">AJC Cook</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Elbers, Arw" uniqKey="Elbers A">ARW Elbers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stegeman, Ja" uniqKey="Stegeman J">JA Stegeman</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Mcm" uniqKey="De Jong M">MCM de Jong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beaudeau, F" uniqKey="Beaudeau F">F Beaudeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bjorkman, C" uniqKey="Bjorkman C">C Björkman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alenius, S" uniqKey="Alenius S">S Alenius</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frossling, J" uniqKey="Frossling J">J Frössling</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boelaert, F" uniqKey="Boelaert F">F Boelaert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deluyker, H" uniqKey="Deluyker H">H Deluyker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maes, D" uniqKey="Maes D">D Maes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Godfroid, J" uniqKey="Godfroid J">J Godfroid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raskin, A" uniqKey="Raskin A">A Raskin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Varewijck, H" uniqKey="Varewijck H">H Varewijck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pensaert, M" uniqKey="Pensaert M">M Pensaert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nauwynck, H" uniqKey="Nauwynck H">H Nauwynck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Castryck, F" uniqKey="Castryck F">F Castryck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miry, C" uniqKey="Miry C">C Miry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robijns, Jm" uniqKey="Robijns J">JM Robijns</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoet, B" uniqKey="Hoet B">B Hoet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Segers, E" uniqKey="Segers E">E Segers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Vlaenderen, I" uniqKey="Van Vlaenderen I">I Van Vlaenderen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robert, A" uniqKey="Robert A">A Robert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koenen, F" uniqKey="Koenen F">F Koenen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Davison, Hc" uniqKey="Davison H">HC Davison</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Rp" uniqKey="Smith R">RP Smith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Sjs" uniqKey="Pascoe S">SJS Pascoe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sayers, Ar" uniqKey="Sayers A">AR Sayers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Rh" uniqKey="Davies R">RH Davies</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weaver, Jp" uniqKey="Weaver J">JP Weaver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kidd, Sa" uniqKey="Kidd S">SA Kidd</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dalziel, Rw" uniqKey="Dalziel R">RW Dalziel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Sj" uniqKey="Evans S">SJ Evans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wedderkopp, A" uniqKey="Wedderkopp A">A Wedderkopp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stroger, U" uniqKey="Stroger U">U Stroger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lind, P" uniqKey="Lind P">P Lind</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boender, Gj" uniqKey="Boender G">GJ Boender</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nodelijk, G" uniqKey="Nodelijk G">G Nodelijk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hagenaars, Tj" uniqKey="Hagenaars T">TJ Hagenaars</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elbers, Arw" uniqKey="Elbers A">ARW Elbers</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Jong, Mcm" uniqKey="De Jong M">MCM de Jong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frossling, J" uniqKey="Frossling J">J Frössling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ohlson, A" uniqKey="Ohlson A">A Ohlson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bjorkman, C" uniqKey="Bjorkman C">C Björkman</name></author><author><name sortKey="H Kansson, N" uniqKey="H Kansson N">N Håkansson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noremark, M" uniqKey="Noremark M">M Nöremark</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ortiz Pelaez, A" uniqKey="Ortiz Pelaez A">A Ortiz-Pelaez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pfeiffer, D" uniqKey="Pfeiffer D">D Pfeiffer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Casal, J" uniqKey="Casal J">J Casal</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Manuel, A" uniqKey="De Manuel A">A De Manuel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mateau, E" uniqKey="Mateau E">E Mateau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, M" uniqKey="Martin M">M Martín</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simon Grife, M" uniqKey="Simon Grife M">M Simon-Grifé</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin Walls, Ge" uniqKey="Martin Walls G">GE Martín-Walls</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vilar, Mj" uniqKey="Vilar M">MJ Vilar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia Bocanegra, I" uniqKey="Garcia Bocanegra I">I García-Bocanegra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, M" uniqKey="Martin M">M Martín</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mateau, E" uniqKey="Mateau E">E Mateau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Casal, J" uniqKey="Casal J">J Casal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Toma, L" uniqKey="Toma L">L Toma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stott, Aw" uniqKey="Stott A">AW Stott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heffernan, C" uniqKey="Heffernan C">C Heffernan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ringrose, S" uniqKey="Ringrose S">S Ringrose</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gunn, Gj" uniqKey="Gunn G">GJ Gunn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Noremark, M" uniqKey="Noremark M">M Nöremark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frossling, J" uniqKey="Frossling J">J Frössling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewerin, Ss" uniqKey="Lewerin S">SS Lewerin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Noremark, M" uniqKey="Noremark M">M Nöremark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewerin, Ss" uniqKey="Lewerin S">SS Lewerin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Robinson, Se" uniqKey="Robinson S">SE Robinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christley, Rm" uniqKey="Christley R">RM Christley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Noremark, M" uniqKey="Noremark M">M Nöremark</name></author><author><name sortKey="H Kansson, N" uniqKey="H Kansson N">N Håkansson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewerin, Ss" uniqKey="Lewerin S">SS Lewerin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lindberg, A" uniqKey="Lindberg A">A Lindberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnsson, A" uniqKey="Johnsson A">A Johnsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brennan, Ml" uniqKey="Brennan M">ML Brennan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kemp, R" uniqKey="Kemp R">R Kemp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Christley, Rm" uniqKey="Christley R">RM Christley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Noremark, M" uniqKey="Noremark M">M Nöremark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frossling, J" uniqKey="Frossling J">J Frössling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewerin, Ss" uniqKey="Lewerin S">SS Lewerin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Noremark, M" uniqKey="Noremark M">M Nöremark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lindberg, A" uniqKey="Lindberg A">A Lindberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="V Gsholm, I" uniqKey="V Gsholm I">I Vågsholm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewerin, Ss" uniqKey="Lewerin S">SS Lewerin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bigras Poulin, M" uniqKey="Bigras Poulin M">M Bigras-Poulin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Ra" uniqKey="Thompson R">RA Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chriel, M" uniqKey="Chriel M">M Chriel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mortensen, S" uniqKey="Mortensen S">S Mortensen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Greiner, M" uniqKey="Greiner M">M Greiner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Noremark, M" uniqKey="Noremark M">M Nöremark</name></author><author><name sortKey="H Kansson, N" uniqKey="H Kansson N">N Håkansson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, T" uniqKey="Lindstrom T">T Lindström</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wennergren, U" uniqKey="Wennergren U">U Wennergren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewerin, Ss" uniqKey="Lewerin S">SS Lewerin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Widgren, S" uniqKey="Widgren S">S Widgren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frossling, J" uniqKey="Frossling J">J Frössling</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Acta Vet Scand</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Acta Vet. Scand</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0044-605X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1751-0147</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25366065</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4222379</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">70</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s13028-014-0070-2</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Patterns of between-farm contacts via professionals in Sweden</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olofsson</surname><given-names>Emelie</given-names></name><address><email>emelie.olofsson@olcom.se</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nöremark</surname><given-names>Maria</given-names></name><address><email>maria.noremark@sva.se</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Lewerin</surname><given-names>Susanna Sternberg</given-names></name><address><email>susanna.sternberg-lewerin@slu.se</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label></label>Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7036, Uppsala, SE-750 07 Sweden</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label></label>Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, SVA, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, SE-751 89 Sweden</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>4</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>4</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>56</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>70</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>7</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Olofsson et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014</copyright-statement><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Infectious diseases of livestock have negative consequences for animal production as well as animal health and welfare and can be transmitted between farms via direct (live animal movements) as well as indirect (via physical vectors such as, people, transport vehicles and fomites) contacts. The objective of the study was to examine the travel patterns of professionals visiting Swedish farms (veterinarians, milk tanker drivers, artificial inseminators, maintenance technicians and livestock hauliers). This was done by obtaining records of the farms visited by a sample of professionals in the above categories in one week in January, one week in April, one week in July and one week in October in the Swedish counties Västerbotten, Södermanland, Västergötland and Skåne.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>There were twelve participating organisations, and data was provided for one to three individuals/vehicles/veterinary practices per professional category and per geographic region (except for dairy service technicians and livestock hauliers who did not provide data from all regions). There was a trend towards larger areas covered and smaller number of farms visited per week in the north, but exceptions occurred and there were regional variations. Generally, the greatest areas were travelled by milk tankers and livestock hauliers, and the profession travelling over the smallest areas tended to be the veterinarians. Milk tankers visited most farms per week, one milk tanker could visit between 23 and 90 farms per week and travel over areas between 717 km<sup>2</sup> and 23,512 km<sup>2</sup> per week.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Valuable insight into the travel patterns of Swedish professionals has emerged although the implications of the study largely concern highly infectious diseases. Movement of live animals pose the greatest risk for the spread of infectious animal diseases; however indirect contacts are important for many diseases. The results of this study indicate that in Sweden a highly contagious disease might spread over a large area in the time span of one incubation period, which ought to be kept in mind in case of an outbreak and in outbreak investigations. The difficulties in contacting some professionals visiting farms could be a problem in an outbreak situation.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Contact data</kwd><kwd>Contact frequency</kwd><kwd>Farm visitors</kwd><kwd>Geographic pattern</kwd><kwd>Biosecurity</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2014</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Lewerin, Susanna Sternberg" sort="Lewerin, Susanna Sternberg" uniqKey="Lewerin S" first="Susanna Sternberg" last="Lewerin">Susanna Sternberg Lewerin</name><name sortKey="Noremark, Maria" sort="Noremark, Maria" uniqKey="Noremark M" first="Maria" last="Nöremark">Maria Nöremark</name><name sortKey="Olofsson, Emelie" sort="Olofsson, Emelie" uniqKey="Olofsson E" first="Emelie" last="Olofsson">Emelie Olofsson</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/CovidV2/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000626 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000626 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= CovidV2
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4222379
|texte= Patterns of between-farm contacts via professionals in Sweden
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25366065" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidV2
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |