Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses
Identifieur interne : 000162 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000161; suivant : 000163Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses
Auteurs : Didier Raoult [France] ; Alimuddin Zumla [Royaume-Uni] ; Franco Locatelli [Italie] ; Giuseppe Ippolito [Italie] ; Guido Kroemer [France]Source :
- Cell Stress [ 2523-0204 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. Four human CoVs (HCoVs), the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like HCoVs (namely HCoV 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1), are globally endemic and account for a substantial fraction of upper respiratory tract infections. Non-SARS-like CoV can occasionally produce severe diseases in frail subjects but do not cause any major (fatal) epidemics. In contrast, SARS like CoVs (namely SARS-CoV and Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV) can cause intense short-lived fatal outbreaks. The current epidemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally is of major concern. There is scanty knowledge on the actual pandemic potential of this new SARS-like virus. It might be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is grossly underdiagnosed and that the infection is silently spreading across the globe with two consequences: (i) clusters of severe infections among frail subjects could haphazardly occur linked to unrecognized index cases; (ii) the current epidemic could naturally fall into a low-level endemic phase when a significant number of subjects will have developed immunity. Understanding the role of paucisymptomatic subjects and stratifying patients according to the risk of developing severe clinical presentations is pivotal for implementing reasonable measures to contain the infection and to reduce its mortality. Whilst the future evolution of this epidemic remains unpredictable, classic public health strategies must follow rational patterns. The emergence of yet another global epidemic underscores the permanent challenges that infectious diseases pose and underscores the need for global cooperation and preparedness, even during inter-epidemic periods.
Url:
DOI: 10.15698/cst2020.04.216
PubMed: NONE
PubMed Central: 7064018
Affiliations:
- France, Italie, Royaume-Uni
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Latium, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Île-de-France
- Londres, Marseille, Paris, Rome
- University College de Londres
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:7064018Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses</title>
<author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Aix-Marseille Univ., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), MEPHI, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Aix-Marseille Univ., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), MEPHI, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Division of Infection and Immunity, Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3">The National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at UCL Hospitals, London, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at UCL Hospitals, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Locatelli, Franco" sort="Locatelli, Franco" uniqKey="Locatelli F" first="Franco" last="Locatelli">Franco Locatelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ippolito, Giuseppe" sort="Ippolito, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Ippolito G" first="Giuseppe" last="Ippolito">Giuseppe Ippolito</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5">National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kroemer, Guido" sort="Kroemer, Guido" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="Guido" last="Kroemer">Guido Kroemer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmc">7064018</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7064018</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:7064018</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.15698/cst2020.04.216</idno>
<idno type="pmid">NONE</idno>
<date when="2020">2020</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000576</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000576</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000576</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000576</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000162</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000162</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses</title>
<author><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Aix-Marseille Univ., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), MEPHI, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Aix-Marseille Univ., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), MEPHI, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<region type="old region">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Division of Infection and Immunity, Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Infection and Immunity, Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3">The National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at UCL Hospitals, London, UK.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at UCL Hospitals, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Locatelli, Franco" sort="Locatelli, Franco" uniqKey="Locatelli F" first="Franco" last="Locatelli">Franco Locatelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ippolito, Giuseppe" sort="Ippolito, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Ippolito G" first="Giuseppe" last="Ippolito">Giuseppe Ippolito</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5">National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kroemer, Guido" sort="Kroemer, Guido" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="Guido" last="Kroemer">Guido Kroemer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Cell Stress</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2523-0204</idno>
<imprint><date when="2020">2020</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. Four human CoVs (HCoVs), the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like HCoVs (namely HCoV 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1), are globally endemic and account for a substantial fraction of upper respiratory tract infections. Non-SARS-like CoV can occasionally produce severe diseases in frail subjects but do not cause any major (fatal) epidemics. In contrast, SARS like CoVs (namely SARS-CoV and Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV) can cause intense short-lived fatal outbreaks. The current epidemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally is of major concern. There is scanty knowledge on the actual pandemic potential of this new SARS-like virus. It might be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is grossly underdiagnosed and that the infection is silently spreading across the globe with two consequences: (i) clusters of severe infections among frail subjects could haphazardly occur linked to unrecognized index cases; (ii) the current epidemic could naturally fall into a low-level endemic phase when a significant number of subjects will have developed immunity. Understanding the role of paucisymptomatic subjects and stratifying patients according to the risk of developing severe clinical presentations is pivotal for implementing reasonable measures to contain the infection and to reduce its mortality. Whilst the future evolution of this epidemic remains unpredictable, classic public health strategies must follow rational patterns. The emergence of yet another global epidemic underscores the permanent challenges that infectious diseases pose and underscores the need for global cooperation and preparedness, even during inter-epidemic periods.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macciocchi, D" uniqKey="Macciocchi D">D Macciocchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lanini, S" uniqKey="Lanini S">S Lanini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vairo, F" uniqKey="Vairo F">F Vairo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A Zumla</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Figueiredo, Lt" uniqKey="Figueiredo L">LT Figueiredo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lauria, Fn" uniqKey="Lauria F">FN Lauria</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strada, G" uniqKey="Strada G">G Strada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brouqui, P" uniqKey="Brouqui P">P Brouqui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Puro, V" uniqKey="Puro V">V Puro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Krishna, S" uniqKey="Krishna S">S Krishna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kremsner, P" uniqKey="Kremsner P">P Kremsner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scognamiglio, P" uniqKey="Scognamiglio P">P Scognamiglio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kohler, C" uniqKey="Kohler C">C Kohler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Et Al" uniqKey="Et Al">et al</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liuzzi, G" uniqKey="Liuzzi G">G Liuzzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Puro, V" uniqKey="Puro V">V Puro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lanini, S" uniqKey="Lanini S">S Lanini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vairo, F" uniqKey="Vairo F">F Vairo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicastri, E" uniqKey="Nicastri E">E Nicastri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Capobianchi, Mr" uniqKey="Capobianchi M">MR Capobianchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Di Caro, A" uniqKey="Di Caro A">A Di Caro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piacentini, M" uniqKey="Piacentini M">M Piacentini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A Zumla</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ippolito, G" uniqKey="Ippolito G">G Ippolito</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holmes, D" uniqKey="Holmes D">D Holmes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sutton, Tc" uniqKey="Sutton T">TC Sutton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Le Viet, N" uniqKey="Le Viet N">N Le-Viet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Le, Vn" uniqKey="Le V">VN Le</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chung, H" uniqKey="Chung H">H Chung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Phan, Dt" uniqKey="Phan D">DT Phan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Phan, Qd" uniqKey="Phan Q">QD Phan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cao, Tv" uniqKey="Cao T">TV Cao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abat, C" uniqKey="Abat C">C Abat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raoult, D" uniqKey="Raoult D">D Raoult</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Parola, P" uniqKey="Parola P">P Parola</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="To, Kk" uniqKey="To K">KK To</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hung, If" uniqKey="Hung I">IF Hung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Jf" uniqKey="Chan J">JF Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuen, Ky" uniqKey="Yuen K">KY Yuen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xu, J" uniqKey="Xu J">J Xu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, S" uniqKey="Zhao S">S Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teng, T" uniqKey="Teng T">T Teng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdalla, Ae" uniqKey="Abdalla A">AE Abdalla</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, W" uniqKey="Zhu W">W Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xie, L" uniqKey="Xie L">L Xie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, X" uniqKey="Guo X">X Guo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, Ad" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">AD Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fouchier, Ra" uniqKey="Fouchier R">RA Fouchier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Js" uniqKey="Peiris J">JS Peiris</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuen, Ky" uniqKey="Yuen K">KY Yuen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Osterhaus, Ad" uniqKey="Osterhaus A">AD Osterhaus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stohr, K" uniqKey="Stohr K">K Stohr</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hijawi, B" uniqKey="Hijawi B">B Hijawi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdallat, M" uniqKey="Abdallat M">M Abdallat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sayaydeh, A" uniqKey="Sayaydeh A">A Sayaydeh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alqasrawi, S" uniqKey="Alqasrawi S">S Alqasrawi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haddadin, A" uniqKey="Haddadin A">A Haddadin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jaarour, N" uniqKey="Jaarour N">N Jaarour</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alsheikh, S" uniqKey="Alsheikh S">S Alsheikh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alsanouri, T" uniqKey="Alsanouri T">T Alsanouri</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Azhar, Ei" uniqKey="Azhar E">EI Azhar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Kafrawy, Sa" uniqKey="El Kafrawy S">SA El-Kafrawy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farraj, Sa" uniqKey="Farraj S">SA Farraj</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hassan, Am" uniqKey="Hassan A">AM Hassan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Saeed, Ms" uniqKey="Al Saeed M">MS Al-Saeed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hashem, Am" uniqKey="Hashem A">AM Hashem</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madani, Ta" uniqKey="Madani T">TA Madani</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Paules, Ci" uniqKey="Paules C">CI Paules</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marston, Hd" uniqKey="Marston H">HD Marston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fauci, As" uniqKey="Fauci A">AS Fauci</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hui, Ds" uniqKey="Hui D">DS Hui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A Zumla</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guan, Wj" uniqKey="Guan W">WJ Guan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ni, Zy" uniqKey="Ni Z">ZY Ni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Y" uniqKey="Hu Y">Y Hu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liang, Wh" uniqKey="Liang W">WH Liang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ou, Cq" uniqKey="Ou C">CQ Ou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, Jx" uniqKey="He J">JX He</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, L" uniqKey="Liu L">L Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shan, H" uniqKey="Shan H">H Shan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lei, Cl" uniqKey="Lei C">CL Lei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hui, Dsc" uniqKey="Hui D">DSC Hui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Du, B" uniqKey="Du B">B Du</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Lj" uniqKey="Li L">LJ Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeng, G" uniqKey="Zeng G">G Zeng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Et Al" uniqKey="Et Al">et al</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ippolito, G" uniqKey="Ippolito G">G Ippolito</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hui, Ds" uniqKey="Hui D">DS Hui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ntoumi, F" uniqKey="Ntoumi F">F Ntoumi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maeurer, M" uniqKey="Maeurer M">M Maeurer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A Zumla</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oboho, Ik" uniqKey="Oboho I">IK Oboho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tomczyk, Tm" uniqKey="Tomczyk T">TM Tomczyk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Asmari, Am" uniqKey="Al Asmari A">AM Al-Asmari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Banjar, Aa" uniqKey="Banjar A">AA Banjar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Mugti, H" uniqKey="Al Mugti H">H Al-Mugti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aloraini, Ms" uniqKey="Aloraini M">MS Aloraini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alkhaldi, Kz" uniqKey="Alkhaldi K">KZ Alkhaldi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Almohammadi, El" uniqKey="Almohammadi E">EL Almohammadi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alraddadi, Bm" uniqKey="Alraddadi B">BM Alraddadi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gerber, Si" uniqKey="Gerber S">SI Gerber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swerdlow, Dl" uniqKey="Swerdlow D">DL Swerdlow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watson, Jt" uniqKey="Watson J">JT Watson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madani, Ta" uniqKey="Madani T">TA Madani</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C Drosten</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B Meyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, Ma" uniqKey="Muller M">MA Muller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Masri, M" uniqKey="Al Masri M">M Al-Masri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hossain, R" uniqKey="Hossain R">R Hossain</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madani, H" uniqKey="Madani H">H Madani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sieberg, A" uniqKey="Sieberg A">A Sieberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bosch, Bj" uniqKey="Bosch B">BJ Bosch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lattwein, E" uniqKey="Lattwein E">E Lattwein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alhakeem, Rf" uniqKey="Alhakeem R">RF Alhakeem</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Assiri, Am" uniqKey="Assiri A">AM Assiri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hajomar, W" uniqKey="Hajomar W">W Hajomar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Et Al" uniqKey="Et Al">et al</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hui, Ds" uniqKey="Hui D">DS Hui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perlman, S" uniqKey="Perlman S">S Perlman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A Zumla</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bai, Y" uniqKey="Bai Y">Y Bai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yao, L" uniqKey="Yao L">L Yao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wei, T" uniqKey="Wei T">T Wei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tian, F" uniqKey="Tian F">F Tian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin, Dy" uniqKey="Jin D">DY Jin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, L" uniqKey="Chen L">L Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, M" uniqKey="Wang M">M Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team" uniqKey="Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team">Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hui, Ds" uniqKey="Hui D">DS Hui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Azhar, Ei" uniqKey="Azhar E">EI Azhar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Yj" uniqKey="Kim Y">YJ Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oh, Md" uniqKey="Oh M">MD Oh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A Zumla</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hui, Dsc" uniqKey="Hui D">DSC Hui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A Zumla</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zumla, A" uniqKey="Zumla A">A Zumla</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hui, Ds" uniqKey="Hui D">DS Hui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perlman, S" uniqKey="Perlman S">S Perlman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Day, M" uniqKey="Day M">M Day</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gagneur, A" uniqKey="Gagneur A">A Gagneur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vallet, S" uniqKey="Vallet S">S Vallet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Talbot, Pj" uniqKey="Talbot P">PJ Talbot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Legrand Quillien, Mc" uniqKey="Legrand Quillien M">MC Legrand-Quillien</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Picard, B" uniqKey="Picard B">B Picard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Payan, C" uniqKey="Payan C">C Payan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sizun, J" uniqKey="Sizun J">J Sizun</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hand, J" uniqKey="Hand J">J Hand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rose, Eb" uniqKey="Rose E">EB Rose</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salinas, A" uniqKey="Salinas A">A Salinas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, X" uniqKey="Lu X">X Lu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sakthivel, Sk" uniqKey="Sakthivel S">SK Sakthivel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schneider, E" uniqKey="Schneider E">E Schneider</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watson, Jt" uniqKey="Watson J">JT Watson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vandroux, D" uniqKey="Vandroux D">D Vandroux</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allou, N" uniqKey="Allou N">N Allou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jabot, J" uniqKey="Jabot J">J Jabot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li Pat Yuen, G" uniqKey="Li Pat Yuen G">G Li Pat Yuen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brottet, E" uniqKey="Brottet E">E Brottet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roquebert, B" uniqKey="Roquebert B">B Roquebert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martinet, O" uniqKey="Martinet O">O Martinet</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kanwar, A" uniqKey="Kanwar A">A Kanwar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Selvaraju, S" uniqKey="Selvaraju S">S Selvaraju</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Esper, F" uniqKey="Esper F">F Esper</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moore, Mj" uniqKey="Moore M">MJ Moore</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vasilieva, N" uniqKey="Vasilieva N">N Vasilieva</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, Sk" uniqKey="Wong S">SK Wong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berne, Ma" uniqKey="Berne M">MA Berne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Somasundaran, M" uniqKey="Somasundaran M">M Somasundaran</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sullivan, Jl" uniqKey="Sullivan J">JL Sullivan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luzuriaga, K" uniqKey="Luzuriaga K">K Luzuriaga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greenough, Tc" uniqKey="Greenough T">TC Greenough</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choe, H" uniqKey="Choe H">H Choe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farzan, M" uniqKey="Farzan M">M Farzan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kuba, K" uniqKey="Kuba K">K Kuba</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Imai, Y" uniqKey="Imai Y">Y Imai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rao, S" uniqKey="Rao S">S Rao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gao, H" uniqKey="Gao H">H Gao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, F" uniqKey="Guo F">F Guo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guan, B" uniqKey="Guan B">B Guan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huan, Y" uniqKey="Huan Y">Y Huan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, P" uniqKey="Yang P">P Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deng, W" uniqKey="Deng W">W Deng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bao, L" uniqKey="Bao L">L Bao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, B" uniqKey="Zhang B">B Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, G" uniqKey="Liu G">G Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Et Al" uniqKey="Et Al">et al</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, W" uniqKey="Li W">W Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sui, J" uniqKey="Sui J">J Sui</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Ic" uniqKey="Huang I">IC Huang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuhn, Jh" uniqKey="Kuhn J">JH Kuhn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Radoshitzky, Sr" uniqKey="Radoshitzky S">SR Radoshitzky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marasco, Wa" uniqKey="Marasco W">WA Marasco</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choe, H" uniqKey="Choe H">H Choe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farzan, M" uniqKey="Farzan M">M Farzan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cao, Y" uniqKey="Cao Y">Y Cao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, L" uniqKey="Li L">L Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feng, Z" uniqKey="Feng Z">Z Feng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wan, S" uniqKey="Wan S">S Wan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, P" uniqKey="Huang P">P Huang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sun, X" uniqKey="Sun X">X Sun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wen, F" uniqKey="Wen F">F Wen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, X" uniqKey="Huang X">X Huang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ning, G" uniqKey="Ning G">G Ning</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, W" uniqKey="Wang W">W Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Wit, E" uniqKey="De Wit E">E de Wit</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Doremalen, N" uniqKey="Van Doremalen N">N van Doremalen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Falzarano, D" uniqKey="Falzarano D">D Falzarano</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munster, Vj" uniqKey="Munster V">VJ Munster</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rocklov, J" uniqKey="Rocklov J">J Rocklov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sjodin, H" uniqKey="Sjodin H">H Sjodin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilder Smith, A" uniqKey="Wilder Smith A">A Wilder-Smith</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wu, Z" uniqKey="Wu Z">Z Wu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcgoogan, Jm" uniqKey="Mcgoogan J">JM McGoogan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Severance, Eg" uniqKey="Severance E">EG Severance</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bossis, I" uniqKey="Bossis I">I Bossis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dickerson, Fb" uniqKey="Dickerson F">FB Dickerson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stallings, Cr" uniqKey="Stallings C">CR Stallings</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Origoni, Ae" uniqKey="Origoni A">AE Origoni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sullens, A" uniqKey="Sullens A">A Sullens</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yolken, Rh" uniqKey="Yolken R">RH Yolken</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Viscidi, Rp" uniqKey="Viscidi R">RP Viscidi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, Sf" uniqKey="Wang S">SF Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Kh" uniqKey="Chen K">KH Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, M" uniqKey="Chen M">M Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Wy" uniqKey="Li W">WY Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Yj" uniqKey="Chen Y">YJ Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsao, Ch" uniqKey="Tsao C">CH Tsao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yen, My" uniqKey="Yen M">MY Yen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Jc" uniqKey="Huang J">JC Huang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Ym" uniqKey="Chen Y">YM Chen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Newton, Ah" uniqKey="Newton A">AH Newton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cardani, A" uniqKey="Cardani A">A Cardani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braciale, Tj" uniqKey="Braciale T">TJ Braciale</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tetro, Ja" uniqKey="Tetro J">JA Tetro</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xiong, P" uniqKey="Xiong P">P Xiong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeng, X" uniqKey="Zeng X">X Zeng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Song, Ms" uniqKey="Song M">MS Song</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jia, Sw" uniqKey="Jia S">SW Jia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhong, Mh" uniqKey="Zhong M">MH Zhong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, Ll" uniqKey="Xiao L">LL Xiao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lan, W" uniqKey="Lan W">W Lan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cai, C" uniqKey="Cai C">C Cai</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wu, Xw" uniqKey="Wu X">XW Wu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gong, Fl" uniqKey="Gong F">FL Gong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, W" uniqKey="Wang W">W Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ng, Mh" uniqKey="Ng M">MH Ng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, Sh" uniqKey="Cheng S">SH Cheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lau, Km" uniqKey="Lau K">KM Lau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leung, Gm" uniqKey="Leung G">GM Leung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoo, Us" uniqKey="Khoo U">US Khoo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zee, Bc" uniqKey="Zee B">BC Zee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sung, Jj" uniqKey="Sung J">JJ Sung</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ng, Ow" uniqKey="Ng O">OW Ng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chia, A" uniqKey="Chia A">A Chia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tan, At" uniqKey="Tan A">AT Tan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jadi, Rs" uniqKey="Jadi R">RS Jadi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leong, Hn" uniqKey="Leong H">HN Leong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bertoletti, A" uniqKey="Bertoletti A">A Bertoletti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tan, Yj" uniqKey="Tan Y">YJ Tan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Ff" uniqKey="Yuan F">FF Yuan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Velickovic, Z" uniqKey="Velickovic Z">Z Velickovic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ashton, Lj" uniqKey="Ashton L">LJ Ashton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dyer, Wb" uniqKey="Dyer W">WB Dyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Geczy, Af" uniqKey="Geczy A">AF Geczy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dunckley, H" uniqKey="Dunckley H">H Dunckley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lynch, Gw" uniqKey="Lynch G">GW Lynch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sullivan, Js" uniqKey="Sullivan J">JS Sullivan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mangalam, Ak" uniqKey="Mangalam A">AK Mangalam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Channappanavar, R" uniqKey="Channappanavar R">R Channappanavar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fett, C" uniqKey="Fett C">C Fett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyerholz, Dk" uniqKey="Meyerholz D">DK Meyerholz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agnihothram, S" uniqKey="Agnihothram S">S Agnihothram</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baric, Rs" uniqKey="Baric R">RS Baric</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="David, Cs" uniqKey="David C">CS David</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perlman, S" uniqKey="Perlman S">S Perlman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coleman, Cm" uniqKey="Coleman C">CM Coleman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sisk, Jm" uniqKey="Sisk J">JM Sisk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halasz, G" uniqKey="Halasz G">G Halasz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhong, J" uniqKey="Zhong J">J Zhong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beck, Se" uniqKey="Beck S">SE Beck</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matthews, Kl" uniqKey="Matthews K">KL Matthews</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Venkataraman, T" uniqKey="Venkataraman T">T Venkataraman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rajagopalan, S" uniqKey="Rajagopalan S">S Rajagopalan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kyratsous, Ca" uniqKey="Kyratsous C">CA Kyratsous</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frieman, Mb" uniqKey="Frieman M">MB Frieman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alshukairi, An" uniqKey="Alshukairi A">AN Alshukairi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baharoon, Sa" uniqKey="Baharoon S">SA Baharoon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Wa" uniqKey="Ahmed W">WA Ahmed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bokhari, Aa" uniqKey="Bokhari A">AA Bokhari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nehdi, Am" uniqKey="Nehdi A">AM Nehdi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Layqah, La" uniqKey="Layqah L">LA Layqah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alghamdi, Mg" uniqKey="Alghamdi M">MG Alghamdi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Gethamy, Mm" uniqKey="Al Gethamy M">MM Al Gethamy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dada, Am" uniqKey="Dada A">AM Dada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khalid, I" uniqKey="Khalid I">I Khalid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boujelal, M" uniqKey="Boujelal M">M Boujelal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Johani, Sm" uniqKey="Al Johani S">SM Al Johani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Et Al" uniqKey="Et Al">et al</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muller, Ma" uniqKey="Muller M">MA Muller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B Meyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Masri, M" uniqKey="Al Masri M">M Al-Masri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turkestani, A" uniqKey="Turkestani A">A Turkestani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ritz, D" uniqKey="Ritz D">D Ritz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sieberg, A" uniqKey="Sieberg A">A Sieberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aldabbagh, S" uniqKey="Aldabbagh S">S Aldabbagh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bosch, Bj" uniqKey="Bosch B">BJ Bosch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lattwein, E" uniqKey="Lattwein E">E Lattwein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alhakeem, Rf" uniqKey="Alhakeem R">RF Alhakeem</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Assiri, Am" uniqKey="Assiri A">AM Assiri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Albarrak, Am" uniqKey="Albarrak A">AM Albarrak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Et Al" uniqKey="Et Al">et al</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kayali, G" uniqKey="Kayali G">G Kayali</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peiris, M" uniqKey="Peiris M">M Peiris</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Kahlout, Ra" uniqKey="Al Kahlout R">RA Al Kahlout</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nasrallah, Gk" uniqKey="Nasrallah G">GK Nasrallah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farag, Ea" uniqKey="Farag E">EA Farag</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L">L Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lattwein, E" uniqKey="Lattwein E">E Lattwein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muller, Ma" uniqKey="Muller M">MA Muller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Zowalaty, Me" uniqKey="El Zowalaty M">ME El Zowalaty</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Romaihi, He" uniqKey="Al Romaihi H">HE Al Romaihi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graham, Bs" uniqKey="Graham B">BS Graham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Thani, Aa" uniqKey="Al Thani A">AA Al Thani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yassine, Hm" uniqKey="Yassine H">HM Yassine</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kroemer, G" uniqKey="Kroemer G">G Kroemer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cuende, E" uniqKey="Cuende E">E Cuende</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martinez, C" uniqKey="Martinez C">C Martinez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woodward Davis, As" uniqKey="Woodward Davis A">AS Woodward Davis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roozen, Hn" uniqKey="Roozen H">HN Roozen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dufort, Mj" uniqKey="Dufort M">MJ Dufort</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deberg, Ha" uniqKey="Deberg H">HA DeBerg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Delaney, Ma" uniqKey="Delaney M">MA Delaney</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mair, F" uniqKey="Mair F">F Mair</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erickson, Jr" uniqKey="Erickson J">JR Erickson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Slichter, Ck" uniqKey="Slichter C">CK Slichter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berkson, Jd" uniqKey="Berkson J">JD Berkson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klock, Am" uniqKey="Klock A">AM Klock</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mack, M" uniqKey="Mack M">M Mack</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lwo, Y" uniqKey="Lwo Y">Y Lwo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ko, A" uniqKey="Ko A">A Ko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Et Al" uniqKey="Et Al">et al</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haddadi, S" uniqKey="Haddadi S">S Haddadi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vaseghi Shanjani, M" uniqKey="Vaseghi Shanjani M">M Vaseghi-Shanjani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yao, Y" uniqKey="Yao Y">Y Yao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Afkhami, S" uniqKey="Afkhami S">S Afkhami</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="D Agostino, Mr" uniqKey="D Agostino M">MR D'Agostino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zganiacz, A" uniqKey="Zganiacz A">A Zganiacz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeyanathan, M" uniqKey="Jeyanathan M">M Jeyanathan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xing, Z" uniqKey="Xing Z">Z Xing</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, D" uniqKey="Wang D">D Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, B" uniqKey="Hu B">B Hu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, C" uniqKey="Hu C">C Hu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, F" uniqKey="Zhu F">F Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, X" uniqKey="Liu X">X Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, B" uniqKey="Wang B">B Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiang, H" uniqKey="Xiang H">H Xiang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, Z" uniqKey="Cheng Z">Z Cheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiong, Y" uniqKey="Xiong Y">Y Xiong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Y" uniqKey="Zhao Y">Y Zhao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Y" uniqKey="Li Y">Y Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Et Al" uniqKey="Et Al">et al</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Jj" uniqKey="Zhang J">JJ Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dong, X" uniqKey="Dong X">X Dong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cao, Yy" uniqKey="Cao Y">YY Cao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, Yd" uniqKey="Yuan Y">YD Yuan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Yb" uniqKey="Yang Y">YB Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yan, Yq" uniqKey="Yan Y">YQ Yan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Akdis, Ca" uniqKey="Akdis C">CA Akdis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gao, Yd" uniqKey="Gao Y">YD Gao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, M" uniqKey="Wang M">M Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cao, R" uniqKey="Cao R">R Cao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, L" uniqKey="Zhang L">L Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, X" uniqKey="Yang X">X Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, J" uniqKey="Liu J">J Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, M" uniqKey="Xu M">M Xu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shi, Z" uniqKey="Shi Z">Z Shi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Z" uniqKey="Hu Z">Z Hu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhong, W" uniqKey="Zhong W">W Zhong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xiao, G" uniqKey="Xiao G">G Xiao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Colson, P" uniqKey="Colson P">P Colson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rolain, Jm" uniqKey="Rolain J">JM Rolain</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raoult, D" uniqKey="Raoult D">D Raoult</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gao, J" uniqKey="Gao J">J Gao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tian, Z" uniqKey="Tian Z">Z Tian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, X" uniqKey="Yang X">X Yang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Trombetta, H" uniqKey="Trombetta H">H Trombetta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Faggion, Hz" uniqKey="Faggion H">HZ Faggion</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leotte, J" uniqKey="Leotte J">J Leotte</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nogueira, Mb" uniqKey="Nogueira M">MB Nogueira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vidal, Lr" uniqKey="Vidal L">LR Vidal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raboni, Sm" uniqKey="Raboni S">SM Raboni</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Goes, Lgb" uniqKey="Goes L">LGB Goes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zerbinati, Rm" uniqKey="Zerbinati R">RM Zerbinati</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tateno, Af" uniqKey="Tateno A">AF Tateno</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Souza, Av" uniqKey="De Souza A">AV de Souza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ebach, F" uniqKey="Ebach F">F Ebach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moreira Filho, Ca" uniqKey="Moreira Filho C">CA Moreira-Filho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Durigon, El" uniqKey="Durigon E">EL Durigon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Da Silva Filho, L" uniqKey="Da Silva Filho L">L da Silva Filho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drexler, Jf" uniqKey="Drexler J">JF Drexler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lau, Sk" uniqKey="Lau S">SK Lau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woo, Pc" uniqKey="Woo P">PC Woo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yip, Cc" uniqKey="Yip C">CC Yip</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tse, H" uniqKey="Tse H">H Tse</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsoi, Hw" uniqKey="Tsoi H">HW Tsoi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheng, Vc" uniqKey="Cheng V">VC Cheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, P" uniqKey="Lee P">P Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tang, Bs" uniqKey="Tang B">BS Tang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheung, Ch" uniqKey="Cheung C">CH Cheung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Ra" uniqKey="Lee R">RA Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="So, Ly" uniqKey="So L">LY So</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lau, Yl" uniqKey="Lau Y">YL Lau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Kh" uniqKey="Chan K">KH Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Et Al" uniqKey="Et Al">et al</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Owusu, M" uniqKey="Owusu M">M Owusu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Annan, A" uniqKey="Annan A">A Annan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larbi, R" uniqKey="Larbi R">R Larbi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anti, P" uniqKey="Anti P">P Anti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drexler, Jf" uniqKey="Drexler J">JF Drexler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agbenyega, O" uniqKey="Agbenyega O">O Agbenyega</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agbenyega, Y" uniqKey="Agbenyega Y">Y Agbenyega</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drosten, C" uniqKey="Drosten C">C Drosten</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Sf" uniqKey="Zhang S">SF Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tuo, Jl" uniqKey="Tuo J">JL Tuo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Huang, Xb" uniqKey="Huang X">XB Huang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhu, X" uniqKey="Zhu X">X Zhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Dm" uniqKey="Zhang D">DM Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, K" uniqKey="Zhou K">K Zhou</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuan, L" uniqKey="Yuan L">L Yuan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luo, Hj" uniqKey="Luo H">HJ Luo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Bj" uniqKey="Zheng B">BJ Zheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuen, Ky" uniqKey="Yuen K">KY Yuen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Mf" uniqKey="Li M">MF Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cao, Ky" uniqKey="Cao K">KY Cao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, L" uniqKey="Xu L">L Xu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zeng, Zq" uniqKey="Zeng Z">ZQ Zeng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Dh" uniqKey="Chen D">DH Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tan, Wp" uniqKey="Tan W">WP Tan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Qiu, Sy" uniqKey="Qiu S">SY Qiu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, D" uniqKey="Xu D">D Xu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liang, Hx" uniqKey="Liang H">HX Liang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Mx" uniqKey="Chen M">MX Chen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, X" uniqKey="Li X">X Li</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Zs" uniqKey="Lin Z">ZS Lin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Wk" uniqKey="Liu W">WK Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, R" uniqKey="Zhou R">R Zhou</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sipulwa, La" uniqKey="Sipulwa L">LA Sipulwa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ongus, Jr" uniqKey="Ongus J">JR Ongus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coldren, Rl" uniqKey="Coldren R">RL Coldren</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bulimo, Wd" uniqKey="Bulimo W">WD Bulimo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kiyuka, Pk" uniqKey="Kiyuka P">PK Kiyuka</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agoti, Cn" uniqKey="Agoti C">CN Agoti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munywoki, Pk" uniqKey="Munywoki P">PK Munywoki</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Njeru, R" uniqKey="Njeru R">R Njeru</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bett, A" uniqKey="Bett A">A Bett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Otieno, Jr" uniqKey="Otieno J">JR Otieno</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Otieno, Gp" uniqKey="Otieno G">GP Otieno</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kamau, E" uniqKey="Kamau E">E Kamau</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clark, Tg" uniqKey="Clark T">TG Clark</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Hoek, L" uniqKey="Van Der Hoek L">L van der Hoek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kellam, P" uniqKey="Kellam P">P Kellam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nokes, Dj" uniqKey="Nokes D">DJ Nokes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cotten, M" uniqKey="Cotten M">M Cotten</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dube, Fs" uniqKey="Dube F">FS Dube</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaba, M" uniqKey="Kaba M">M Kaba</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Robberts, Fj" uniqKey="Robberts F">FJ Robberts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ah Tow, L" uniqKey="Ah Tow L">L Ah Tow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lubbe, S" uniqKey="Lubbe S">S Lubbe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zar, Hj" uniqKey="Zar H">HJ Zar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicol, Mp" uniqKey="Nicol M">MP Nicol</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Subramoney, K" uniqKey="Subramoney K">K Subramoney</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hellferscee, O" uniqKey="Hellferscee O">O Hellferscee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pretorius, M" uniqKey="Pretorius M">M Pretorius</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tempia, S" uniqKey="Tempia S">S Tempia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcmorrow, M" uniqKey="Mcmorrow M">M McMorrow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Von Gottberg, A" uniqKey="Von Gottberg A">A von Gottberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wolter, N" uniqKey="Wolter N">N Wolter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Variava, E" uniqKey="Variava E">E Variava</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dawood, H" uniqKey="Dawood H">H Dawood</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kahn, K" uniqKey="Kahn K">K Kahn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Walaza, S" uniqKey="Walaza S">S Walaza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madhi, Sa" uniqKey="Madhi S">SA Madhi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cohen, C" uniqKey="Cohen C">C Cohen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Et Al" uniqKey="Et Al">et al</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nunes, Mc" uniqKey="Nunes M">MC Nunes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuschner, Z" uniqKey="Kuschner Z">Z Kuschner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabede, Z" uniqKey="Rabede Z">Z Rabede</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madimabe, R" uniqKey="Madimabe R">R Madimabe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Niekerk, N" uniqKey="Van Niekerk N">N Van Niekerk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moloi, J" uniqKey="Moloi J">J Moloi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuwanda, L" uniqKey="Kuwanda L">L Kuwanda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rossen, Jw" uniqKey="Rossen J">JW Rossen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klugman, Kp" uniqKey="Klugman K">KP Klugman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adrian, Pv" uniqKey="Adrian P">PV Adrian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madhi, Sa" uniqKey="Madhi S">SA Madhi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Killerby, Me" uniqKey="Killerby M">ME Killerby</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Biggs, Hm" uniqKey="Biggs H">HM Biggs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haynes, A" uniqKey="Haynes A">A Haynes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahl, Rm" uniqKey="Dahl R">RM Dahl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mustaquim, D" uniqKey="Mustaquim D">D Mustaquim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gerber, Si" uniqKey="Gerber S">SI Gerber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Watson, Jt" uniqKey="Watson J">JT Watson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="editorial"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cell Stress</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Cell Stress</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">Cell Stress</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Cell Stress</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Cell Stress</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2523-0204</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Shared Science Publishers OG</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7064018</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15698/cst2020.04.216</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">CST0270E115</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Editorial</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Coronavirus</subject>
<subject>MERS-CoV</subject>
<subject>SARS-CoV</subject>
<subject>sARS-CoV-2</subject>
<subject>COVID-19</subject>
<subject>epidemiology</subject>
<subject>immunology</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">COVID-19 - Analyses and hypotheses</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Raoult</surname>
<given-names>Didier</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zumla</surname>
<given-names>Alimuddin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Locatelli</surname>
<given-names>Franco</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ippolito</surname>
<given-names>Giuseppe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kroemer</surname>
<given-names>Guido</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">7</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">8</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">9</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">10</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
Aix-Marseille Univ., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), MEPHI, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
Division of Infection and Immunity, Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
The National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at UCL Hospitals, London, UK.</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>
Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>
Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.</aff>
<aff id="aff9"><label>9</label>
Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.</aff>
<aff id="aff10"><label>10</label>
Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>Kroemer@orange.fr</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p>Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no relevant conflict of interest.</p>
</fn>
<fn><p>Please cite this article as: Didier Raoult, Alimuddin Zumla, Franco Locatelli, Giuseppe Ippolito and Guido Kroemer (<bold>2020</bold>
). Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses. <bold>Cell Stress</bold>
:<italic> in press</italic>
.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20000530"><day>01</day>
<month>3</month>
<year iso-8601-date="2000">2020</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20010627"><day>02</day>
<month>3</month>
<year iso-8601-date="2001">2020</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2020 Raoult et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are acknowledged.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. Four human CoVs (HCoVs), the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like HCoVs (namely HCoV 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1), are globally endemic and account for a substantial fraction of upper respiratory tract infections. Non-SARS-like CoV can occasionally produce severe diseases in frail subjects but do not cause any major (fatal) epidemics. In contrast, SARS like CoVs (namely SARS-CoV and Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV) can cause intense short-lived fatal outbreaks. The current epidemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally is of major concern. There is scanty knowledge on the actual pandemic potential of this new SARS-like virus. It might be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is grossly underdiagnosed and that the infection is silently spreading across the globe with two consequences: (i) clusters of severe infections among frail subjects could haphazardly occur linked to unrecognized index cases; (ii) the current epidemic could naturally fall into a low-level endemic phase when a significant number of subjects will have developed immunity. Understanding the role of paucisymptomatic subjects and stratifying patients according to the risk of developing severe clinical presentations is pivotal for implementing reasonable measures to contain the infection and to reduce its mortality. Whilst the future evolution of this epidemic remains unpredictable, classic public health strategies must follow rational patterns. The emergence of yet another global epidemic underscores the permanent challenges that infectious diseases pose and underscores the need for global cooperation and preparedness, even during inter-epidemic periods.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Coronavirus</kwd>
<kwd>MERS-CoV</kwd>
<kwd>SARS-CoV</kwd>
<kwd>sARS-CoV-2</kwd>
<kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
<kwd>epidemiology</kwd>
<kwd>immunology</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>France</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
<region><li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Latium</li>
<li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Londres</li>
<li>Marseille</li>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Rome</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>University College de Londres</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="France"><region name="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur"><name sortKey="Raoult, Didier" sort="Raoult, Didier" uniqKey="Raoult D" first="Didier" last="Raoult">Didier Raoult</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Kroemer, Guido" sort="Kroemer, Guido" uniqKey="Kroemer G" first="Guido" last="Kroemer">Guido Kroemer</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Zumla, Alimuddin" sort="Zumla, Alimuddin" uniqKey="Zumla A" first="Alimuddin" last="Zumla">Alimuddin Zumla</name>
</country>
<country name="Italie"><region name="Latium"><name sortKey="Locatelli, Franco" sort="Locatelli, Franco" uniqKey="Locatelli F" first="Franco" last="Locatelli">Franco Locatelli</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Ippolito, Giuseppe" sort="Ippolito, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Ippolito G" first="Giuseppe" last="Ippolito">Giuseppe Ippolito</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/CovidV2/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000162 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000162 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Sante |area= CovidV2 |flux= Pmc |étape= Checkpoint |type= RBID |clé= PMC:7064018 |texte= Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:NONE" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidV2
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. | ![]() |