Reverse Logistics Network Design for Effective Management of Medical Waste in Epidemic Outbreaks: Insights from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Wuhan (China)
Identifieur interne : 000051 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000050; suivant : 000052Reverse Logistics Network Design for Effective Management of Medical Waste in Epidemic Outbreaks: Insights from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Wuhan (China)
Auteurs : Hao Yu ; Xu Sun ; Wei Deng Solvang ; Xu ZhaoSource :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [ 1661-7827 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
The outbreak of an epidemic disease may pose significant treats to human beings and may further lead to a global crisis. In order to control the spread of an epidemic, the effective management of rapidly increased medical waste through establishing a temporary reverse logistics system is of vital importance. However, no research has been conducted with the focus on the design of an epidemic reverse logistics network for dealing with medical waste during epidemic outbreaks, which, if improperly treated, may accelerate disease spread and pose a significant risk for both medical staffs and patients. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective multi-period mixed integer program for reverse logistics network design in epidemic outbreaks, which aims at determining the best locations of temporary facilities and the transportation strategies for effective management of the exponentially increased medical waste within a very short period. The application of the model is illustrated with a case study based on the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Even though the uncertainty of the future COVID-19 spread tendency is very high at the time of this research, several general policy recommendations can still be obtained based on computational experiments and quantitative analyses. Among other insights, the results suggest installing temporary incinerators may be an effective solution for managing the tremendous increase of medical waste during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, but the location selection of these temporary incinerators is of significant importance. Due to the limitation on available data and knowledge at present stage, more real-world information are needed to assess the effectiveness of the current solution.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051770
PubMed: 32182811
PubMed Central: 7084373
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Reverse Logistics Network Design for Effective Management of Medical Waste in Epidemic Outbreaks: Insights from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Wuhan (China)</title><author><name sortKey="Yu, Hao" sort="Yu, Hao" uniqKey="Yu H" first="Hao" last="Yu">Hao Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-17-01770">Department of Industrial Engineering, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Lodve Langesgate 2, 8514 Narvik, Norway;<email>xu.sun@uit.no</email> (X.S.);<email>wei.d.solvang@uit.no</email> (W.D.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Xu" sort="Sun, Xu" uniqKey="Sun X" first="Xu" last="Sun">Xu Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-17-01770">Department of Industrial Engineering, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Lodve Langesgate 2, 8514 Narvik, Norway;<email>xu.sun@uit.no</email> (X.S.);<email>wei.d.solvang@uit.no</email> (W.D.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solvang, Wei Deng" sort="Solvang, Wei Deng" uniqKey="Solvang W" first="Wei Deng" last="Solvang">Wei Deng Solvang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-17-01770">Department of Industrial Engineering, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Lodve Langesgate 2, 8514 Narvik, Norway;<email>xu.sun@uit.no</email> (X.S.);<email>wei.d.solvang@uit.no</email> (W.D.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Xu" sort="Zhao, Xu" uniqKey="Zhao X" first="Xu" last="Zhao">Xu Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijerph-17-01770">School of Economics and Management, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;<email>zhaoxu@ctgu.edu.cn</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">32182811</idno><idno type="pmc">7084373</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7084373</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7084373</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/ijerph17051770</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000894</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000894</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000894</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000894</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000051</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000051</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Reverse Logistics Network Design for Effective Management of Medical Waste in Epidemic Outbreaks: Insights from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Wuhan (China)</title><author><name sortKey="Yu, Hao" sort="Yu, Hao" uniqKey="Yu H" first="Hao" last="Yu">Hao Yu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-17-01770">Department of Industrial Engineering, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Lodve Langesgate 2, 8514 Narvik, Norway;<email>xu.sun@uit.no</email> (X.S.);<email>wei.d.solvang@uit.no</email> (W.D.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Xu" sort="Sun, Xu" uniqKey="Sun X" first="Xu" last="Sun">Xu Sun</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-17-01770">Department of Industrial Engineering, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Lodve Langesgate 2, 8514 Narvik, Norway;<email>xu.sun@uit.no</email> (X.S.);<email>wei.d.solvang@uit.no</email> (W.D.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solvang, Wei Deng" sort="Solvang, Wei Deng" uniqKey="Solvang W" first="Wei Deng" last="Solvang">Wei Deng Solvang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-17-01770">Department of Industrial Engineering, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Lodve Langesgate 2, 8514 Narvik, Norway;<email>xu.sun@uit.no</email> (X.S.);<email>wei.d.solvang@uit.no</email> (W.D.S.)</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Xu" sort="Zhao, Xu" uniqKey="Zhao X" first="Xu" last="Zhao">Xu Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijerph-17-01770">School of Economics and Management, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;<email>zhaoxu@ctgu.edu.cn</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</title><idno type="ISSN">1661-7827</idno><idno type="eISSN">1660-4601</idno><imprint><date when="2020">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The outbreak of an epidemic disease may pose significant treats to human beings and may further lead to a global crisis. In order to control the spread of an epidemic, the effective management of rapidly increased medical waste through establishing a temporary reverse logistics system is of vital importance. However, no research has been conducted with the focus on the design of an epidemic reverse logistics network for dealing with medical waste during epidemic outbreaks, which, if improperly treated, may accelerate disease spread and pose a significant risk for both medical staffs and patients. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective multi-period mixed integer program for reverse logistics network design in epidemic outbreaks, which aims at determining the best locations of temporary facilities and the transportation strategies for effective management of the exponentially increased medical waste within a very short period. The application of the model is illustrated with a case study based on the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Even though the uncertainty of the future COVID-19 spread tendency is very high at the time of this research, several general policy recommendations can still be obtained based on computational experiments and quantitative analyses. Among other insights, the results suggest installing temporary incinerators may be an effective solution for managing the tremendous increase of medical waste during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, but the location selection of these temporary incinerators is of significant importance. Due to the limitation on available data and knowledge at present stage, more real-world information are needed to assess the effectiveness of the current solution.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boonmee, C" uniqKey="Boonmee C">C. Boonmee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arimura, M" uniqKey="Arimura M">M. Arimura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asada, T" uniqKey="Asada T">T. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Environ Res Public Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Environ Res Public Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ijerph</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1661-7827</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1660-4601</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">32182811</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7084373</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ijerph17051770</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ijerph-17-01770</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Reverse Logistics Network Design for Effective Management of Medical Waste in Epidemic Outbreaks: Insights from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Wuhan (China)</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-5983</contrib-id><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>Hao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijerph-17-01770">1</xref><xref rid="c1-ijerph-17-01770" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>Xu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijerph-17-01770">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Solvang</surname><given-names>Wei Deng</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ijerph-17-01770">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Xu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ijerph-17-01770">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ijerph-17-01770"><label>1</label>Department of Industrial Engineering, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Lodve Langesgate 2, 8514 Narvik, Norway;<email>xu.sun@uit.no</email> (X.S.);<email>wei.d.solvang@uit.no</email> (W.D.S.)</aff><aff id="af2-ijerph-17-01770"><label>2</label>School of Economics and Management, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China;<email>zhaoxu@ctgu.edu.cn</email></aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ijerph-17-01770"><label>*</label>Correspondence: <email>Hao.Yu@uit.no</email>; Tel.: +47-76966328</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>3</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><elocation-id>1770</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>26</day><month>2</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>07</day><month>3</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2020 by the authors.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The outbreak of an epidemic disease may pose significant treats to human beings and may further lead to a global crisis. In order to control the spread of an epidemic, the effective management of rapidly increased medical waste through establishing a temporary reverse logistics system is of vital importance. However, no research has been conducted with the focus on the design of an epidemic reverse logistics network for dealing with medical waste during epidemic outbreaks, which, if improperly treated, may accelerate disease spread and pose a significant risk for both medical staffs and patients. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective multi-period mixed integer program for reverse logistics network design in epidemic outbreaks, which aims at determining the best locations of temporary facilities and the transportation strategies for effective management of the exponentially increased medical waste within a very short period. The application of the model is illustrated with a case study based on the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Even though the uncertainty of the future COVID-19 spread tendency is very high at the time of this research, several general policy recommendations can still be obtained based on computational experiments and quantitative analyses. Among other insights, the results suggest installing temporary incinerators may be an effective solution for managing the tremendous increase of medical waste during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, but the location selection of these temporary incinerators is of significant importance. Due to the limitation on available data and knowledge at present stage, more real-world information are needed to assess the effectiveness of the current solution.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>epidemic outbreak</kwd><kwd>medical waste</kwd><kwd>reverse logistics</kwd><kwd>epidemic logistics</kwd><kwd>network design</kwd><kwd>operations research</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="ijerph-17-01770-f001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Reverse logistics network for effective management of medical waste in epidemic outbreak.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijerph-17-01770-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="ijerph-17-01770-f002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Prediction of the tendency of the COVID-19 spread in Wuhan with SEIR method in AnyLogic simulation: (<bold>a</bold>) Curve fit with the real data; (<bold>b</bold>) Predication of the infections in two months.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijerph-17-01770-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="ijerph-17-01770-f003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Locations of hospitals, existing facilities, and candidates for temporary facilities in central Wuhan.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijerph-17-01770-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="ijerph-17-01770-f004" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Pareto optimal solutions.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijerph-17-01770-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="ijerph-17-01770-f005" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Comparison between the prediction on February 9th and the real data of the COVID-19 infections in Wuhan until February 26th.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijerph-17-01770-g005"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="ijerph-17-01770-t001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-17-01770-t001_Table 1</object-id><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Parameters of temporary transit centers.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Installation Cost (€)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixed Operating Cost (€/period)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Processing Cost (€/ton)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Capacity (ton/period)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65,000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">195</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">150</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="ijerph-17-01770-t002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-17-01770-t002_Table 2</object-id><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Parameters of existing treatment centers.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixed Operating Cost (€/period)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Processing Cost (€/ton)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Capacity (ton/period)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39,000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">156</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">300</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="ijerph-17-01770-t003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-17-01770-t003_Table 3</object-id><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Parameters of temporary treatment centers.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Installation Cost (€)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fixed Operating Cost (€/period)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Processing Cost (€/ton)</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Capacity (ton/period)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">520,000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26,000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">260</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="ijerph-17-01770-t004" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-17-01770-t004_Table 4</object-id><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>The optimal value, the worst value and the range of the objective functions.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Objective </th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Priority</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm205"><mml:mrow><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold" mathsize="normal"><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">f</mml:mi></mml:mstyle><mml:mrow><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold" mathsize="normal"><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">o</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">p</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">t</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">i</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">m</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">l</mml:mi></mml:mstyle></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:mstyle></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm206"><mml:mrow><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold" mathsize="normal"><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">f</mml:mi></mml:mstyle><mml:mrow><mml:mstyle mathvariant="bold" mathsize="normal"><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">n</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">d</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">i</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="bold">a</mml:mi></mml:mstyle></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:mstyle></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Range</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm207"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,336</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42,336</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm208"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">526</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15,200</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14,674</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm209"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">251,361</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,615,888</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,364,527</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="ijerph-17-01770-t005" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-17-01770-t005_Table 5</object-id><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Computational information.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Optimization Solver</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total variables</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3701</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Integer variables</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Constraints</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4301</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Solver type</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B-and-B</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Extended solver steps</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total solver iterations</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30,246</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Runtime (seconds)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="ijerph-17-01770-t006" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-17-01770-t006_Table 6</object-id><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>The objective values and the satisfaction levels.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Objective</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Objective Value</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Satisfaction Level</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm210"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3776</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.91</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm211"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7863</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm212"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,306,528</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.3</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="ijerph-17-01770-t007" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-17-01770-t007_Table 7</object-id><label>Table 7</label><caption><p>Location decisions and facility usage in each period.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Number</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Candidate Locations</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Location Selection</th><th colspan="6" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">Usage</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 1</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 2</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 3</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 4</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 5</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 6</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wuhan Huoshenshan Hospital</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wuhan Leishenshan Hospital</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Wuhan Keting</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Optical Valley Science and Technology Exhibition Center</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Huangpi No.1 Middle School</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Guodingshan Medical Waste Incineration Plant</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Existing</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="ijerph-17-01770-t008" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-17-01770-t008_Table 8</object-id><label>Table 8</label><caption><p>Allocation of medical waste from different hospitals in each period.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Treatment Center</th><th colspan="6" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">Allocation of Hospitals</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 1</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 2</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 3</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 4</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 5</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 6</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,7,8,14,18,28,30,32,39</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7,13,28,32,39</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7,13,28,31,32.39</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7,9,18,28,31,32,39</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1–27</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,23,29,34,35,37,38</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,29,35,37,38</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,29,35,37,38</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,16,25,29,34,35,37,38,39</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,4,9,15,16,21,25,30,31,34</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,13,21,31</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,9,15,21,25,31,34</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,9,15,21,33,36</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,16,20,22,33,36,40</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16,25,33,36 </td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15,16,33,36</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22,33,40</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1–27</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13,34</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="ijerph-17-01770-t009" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-17-01770-t009_Table 9</object-id><label>Table 9</label><caption><p>Facility utilization rate in each period.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Treatment Center</th><th colspan="6" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">Capacity Utilization Rate</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 1</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 2</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 3</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 4</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 5</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 6</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="ijerph-17-01770-t010" orientation="portrait" position="float"><object-id pub-id-type="pii">ijerph-17-01770-t010_Table 10</object-id><label>Table 10</label><caption><p>Comparison of the objective value and treatment rate of medical waste at the sources in each period.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Scenarios</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" colspan="1">Objective Value</th><th colspan="6" align="center" valign="middle" style="border-top:solid thin;border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1">Treatment Rate at the Sources</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 1</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 2</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 3</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 4</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 5</th><th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">p = 6</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm213"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.91</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.1%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.9%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.4%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.4%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm214"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.7</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.85</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73.7%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.6%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.7%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.8%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm215"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.93</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.1%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.2%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.6%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.7%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm216"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.83</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.6%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.3%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.6%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.1%</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><inline-formula><mml:math id="mm217"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula></td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.93</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">79.1%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.1%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.5%</td><td align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom:solid thin" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.0%</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Solvang, Wei Deng" sort="Solvang, Wei Deng" uniqKey="Solvang W" first="Wei Deng" last="Solvang">Wei Deng Solvang</name><name sortKey="Sun, Xu" sort="Sun, Xu" uniqKey="Sun X" first="Xu" last="Sun">Xu Sun</name><name sortKey="Yu, Hao" sort="Yu, Hao" uniqKey="Yu H" first="Hao" last="Yu">Hao Yu</name><name sortKey="Zhao, Xu" sort="Zhao, Xu" uniqKey="Zhao X" first="Xu" last="Zhao">Xu Zhao</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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