On-farm biosecurity as perceived by professionals visiting Swedish farms
Identifieur interne : 000446 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000445; suivant : 000447On-farm biosecurity as perceived by professionals visiting Swedish farms
Auteurs : Maria Nöremark [Suède] ; Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin [Suède]Source :
- Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica [ 0044-605X ] ; 2014.
Abstract
On-farm biosecurity is an important part of disease prevention and control, this applies to live animal contacts as well as indirect contacts e.g. via professionals visiting farms in their work. The objectives of this study were to investigate how professionals visiting animal farms in Sweden in their daily work perceive the on-farm conditions for biosecurity, the factors that influence their own biosecurity routines and what they describe as obstacles for biosecurity. Suggestions for improvements were also asked for. Questionnaires were distributed to professionals visiting farms in their daily work; veterinarians, livestock hauliers, artificial insemination technicians, animal welfare inspectors and cattle hoof trimmers. The sample was a convenience sample, based on accessibility to registers or collaboration with organisations distributing the questionnaire. Respondents were asked about the availability of certain biosecurity conditions related to farm visits, e.g. if facilities for hand washing were available, how important different factors were for their own routines and, through open ended questions, to describe obstacles and suggestions for improvement.
After data cleaning, there were responses from 368 persons. There was a difference in the proportion of visited farms reported to have certain biosecurity measures in place related to animal species present on the farm. In general, visited pig farms had a higher proportion of biosecurity measures in place, whereas the conditions were poorer on sheep and goat farms and horse farms. There were also differences between the visitor categories; the perceived conditions for biosecurity varied between the groups, e.g. livestock hauliers did not have access to hand washing facilities as often as veterinarians did. In all groups, a majority of the respondents perceived obstacles for on-farm biosecurity, among veterinarians 66% perceived that there were obstacles. Many of the reported obstacles related to the very basics of biosecurity, such as access to soap and water. Responsibility was identified to be a key issue; while some farmers expect visitors to take responsibility for keeping up biosecurity they do not provide the adequate on-farm conditions.
Many of the respondents reported obstacles for keeping good biosecurity related to on-farm conditions. There was a gap when it came to responsibility which needs to be clarified. Visitors need to take responsibility for avoiding spread of disease, while farmers need to assume responsibility for providing adequate conditions for on-farm biosecurity.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-56-28
PubMed: 24886408
PubMed Central: 4036743
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PMC:4036743Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Noremark, Maria" sort="Noremark, Maria" uniqKey="Noremark M" first="Maria" last="Nöremark">Maria Nöremark</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sternberg Lewerin, Susanna" sort="Sternberg Lewerin, Susanna" uniqKey="Sternberg Lewerin S" first="Susanna" last="Sternberg-Lewerin">Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden</nlm:aff>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">On-farm biosecurity as perceived by professionals visiting Swedish farms</title>
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<author><name sortKey="Sternberg Lewerin, Susanna" sort="Sternberg Lewerin, Susanna" uniqKey="Sternberg Lewerin S" first="Susanna" last="Sternberg-Lewerin">Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin</name>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>On-farm biosecurity is an important part of disease prevention and control, this applies to live animal contacts as well as indirect contacts e.g. via professionals visiting farms in their work. The objectives of this study were to investigate how professionals visiting animal farms in Sweden in their daily work perceive the on-farm conditions for biosecurity, the factors that influence their own biosecurity routines and what they describe as obstacles for biosecurity. Suggestions for improvements were also asked for. Questionnaires were distributed to professionals visiting farms in their daily work; veterinarians, livestock hauliers, artificial insemination technicians, animal welfare inspectors and cattle hoof trimmers. The sample was a convenience sample, based on accessibility to registers or collaboration with organisations distributing the questionnaire. Respondents were asked about the availability of certain biosecurity conditions related to farm visits, e.g. if facilities for hand washing were available, how important different factors were for their own routines and, through open ended questions, to describe obstacles and suggestions for improvement.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>After data cleaning, there were responses from 368 persons. There was a difference in the proportion of visited farms reported to have certain biosecurity measures in place related to animal species present on the farm. In general, visited pig farms had a higher proportion of biosecurity measures in place, whereas the conditions were poorer on sheep and goat farms and horse farms. There were also differences between the visitor categories; the perceived conditions for biosecurity varied between the groups, e.g. livestock hauliers did not have access to hand washing facilities as often as veterinarians did. In all groups, a majority of the respondents perceived obstacles for on-farm biosecurity, among veterinarians 66% perceived that there were obstacles. Many of the reported obstacles related to the very basics of biosecurity, such as access to soap and water. Responsibility was identified to be a key issue; while some farmers expect visitors to take responsibility for keeping up biosecurity they do not provide the adequate on-farm conditions.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Many of the respondents reported obstacles for keeping good biosecurity related to on-farm conditions. There was a gap when it came to responsibility which needs to be clarified. Visitors need to take responsibility for avoiding spread of disease, while farmers need to assume responsibility for providing adequate conditions for on-farm biosecurity.</p>
</sec>
</div>
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<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Acta Vet Scand</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Acta Vet. Scand</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0044-605X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1751-0147</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24886408</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4036743</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1751-0147-56-28</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1751-0147-56-28</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>On-farm biosecurity as perceived by professionals visiting Swedish farms</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A1"><name><surname>Nöremark</surname>
<given-names>Maria</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>maria.noremark@sva.se</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2"><name><surname>Sternberg-Lewerin</surname>
<given-names>Susanna</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
<email>susanna.sternberg-lewerin@slu.se</email>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><label>1</label>
Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, SVA, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala SE-751 89, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="I2"><label>2</label>
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, SLU, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, Uppsala SE-750 07, Sweden</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>9</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>28</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>13</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Nöremark and Sternberg-Lewerin; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Nöremark and Sternberg-Lewerin; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.actavetscand.com/content/56/1/28"></self-uri>
<abstract><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>On-farm biosecurity is an important part of disease prevention and control, this applies to live animal contacts as well as indirect contacts e.g. via professionals visiting farms in their work. The objectives of this study were to investigate how professionals visiting animal farms in Sweden in their daily work perceive the on-farm conditions for biosecurity, the factors that influence their own biosecurity routines and what they describe as obstacles for biosecurity. Suggestions for improvements were also asked for. Questionnaires were distributed to professionals visiting farms in their daily work; veterinarians, livestock hauliers, artificial insemination technicians, animal welfare inspectors and cattle hoof trimmers. The sample was a convenience sample, based on accessibility to registers or collaboration with organisations distributing the questionnaire. Respondents were asked about the availability of certain biosecurity conditions related to farm visits, e.g. if facilities for hand washing were available, how important different factors were for their own routines and, through open ended questions, to describe obstacles and suggestions for improvement.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>After data cleaning, there were responses from 368 persons. There was a difference in the proportion of visited farms reported to have certain biosecurity measures in place related to animal species present on the farm. In general, visited pig farms had a higher proportion of biosecurity measures in place, whereas the conditions were poorer on sheep and goat farms and horse farms. There were also differences between the visitor categories; the perceived conditions for biosecurity varied between the groups, e.g. livestock hauliers did not have access to hand washing facilities as often as veterinarians did. In all groups, a majority of the respondents perceived obstacles for on-farm biosecurity, among veterinarians 66% perceived that there were obstacles. Many of the reported obstacles related to the very basics of biosecurity, such as access to soap and water. Responsibility was identified to be a key issue; while some farmers expect visitors to take responsibility for keeping up biosecurity they do not provide the adequate on-farm conditions.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Many of the respondents reported obstacles for keeping good biosecurity related to on-farm conditions. There was a gap when it came to responsibility which needs to be clarified. Visitors need to take responsibility for avoiding spread of disease, while farmers need to assume responsibility for providing adequate conditions for on-farm biosecurity.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Suède</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Noremark, Maria" sort="Noremark, Maria" uniqKey="Noremark M" first="Maria" last="Nöremark">Maria Nöremark</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Sternberg Lewerin, Susanna" sort="Sternberg Lewerin, Susanna" uniqKey="Sternberg Lewerin S" first="Susanna" last="Sternberg-Lewerin">Susanna Sternberg-Lewerin</name>
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</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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