On‐site quantification of re‐entry ratio of ventilation exhausts in multi‐family residential buildings and implications
Identifieur interne : 001612 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001611; suivant : 001613On‐site quantification of re‐entry ratio of ventilation exhausts in multi‐family residential buildings and implications
Auteurs : J. Niu [République populaire de Chine] ; T. C. W. Tung [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Indoor Air [ 0905-6947 ] ; 2008-02.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Administrative region, Airborne disease transmission, Airborne outbreak, Airborne transmission, Ambient, April, Building blocks, Building design, Building services engineering, Building site, Buoyancy, Buoyant force, Central part, Change rate, Change rates, Data sets, Dilution factor, Disease transmission, Dominant mode, Droplet, Example concentration, Exchange rate, Exhaust, German hospital, Governmental investigations, Ground level, Guest room, Hing, Hing tung house, Histogram, Hong kong, Hong kong health welfare food bureau, Hong kong observatory, Hourly, Hourly temperature, Hourly wind speed, Index mass fraction, Index room, Indoor, Infection risk, Infectious disease, Infectious disease control, Infectious diseases, Infectious droplets, Innova airtech instruments, Koway, Koway court, Local mass fractions, Local wind speed, Logging interval, Lower part, Lower room, Lower source room, Mass fraction, Mass fractions, Maximum wind speed, Meteorology, Meteorology information, Monitoring period, Natural ventilation, Nearby meteorology stations, Nearby observatory, Numerical simulation, Oors, Outbreak, Outdoor temperatures, Pathogen loading rate, Range hoods, Residential buildings, Residential units, Respiratory syndrome, Same time, Sars, Sars clusters, Sars outbreak, Shatin, Shatin station, Shui, Simulation, Singleside ventilation, Source point, Source room, Spring time, Substitute equation, Survival time, Temperature difference, Tracer, Transmission route, Tung, Upper part, Upper room, Ventilation, Ventilation design, Ventilation exhausts, Ventilation rates, West wind speed, Wind conditions, Wind data, Wind frequencies, Wind frequency, Wind pressure, Wind range, Wind speed, Wind speed frequency, Wind speed range, Wind speed temperature, Wind speeds, Window openings, Wing shui house, World health organization.
Abstract
Abstract Abstract In the worldwide spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003, cluster of cases occurred in a number of large high‐rise residential building blocks, especially in Hong Kong. In this study, we examined one of the most likely virus‐spread mechanisms, which is related to the inter‐flat or inter‐zonal airflow through open‐windows caused by buoyancy effects. Dual tracer gases of CO2 and SF6 are employed simultaneously to quantify the amount of the exhaust air coming out of the upper part of the window of a floor that re‐enters the lower part of the open‐window at the immediate upper floor. It was found that the room air could contain up to 7% of the exhaust air from the lower floor, and this occurs at low wind conditions with a combination of indoor–outdoor temperature difference. The results can well explain the earlier governmental finding that DNA strings of SARS Corono‐Virus were detected within the sampled deposits on the window sills of the upper floors of the two index patients’ flats. The preliminary and yet alarming conclusion may be that, in high‐rise buildings, windows flush with a flat façade can be a major route for the vertical spread of pathogen‐containing aerosols.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00500.x
Affiliations:
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Niu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tung, T C W" sort="Tung, T C W" uniqKey="Tung T" first="T. C. W." last="Tung">T. C. W. 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In this study, we examined one of the most likely virus‐spread mechanisms, which is related to the inter‐flat or inter‐zonal airflow through open‐windows caused by buoyancy effects. Dual tracer gases of CO2 and SF6 are employed simultaneously to quantify the amount of the exhaust air coming out of the upper part of the window of a floor that re‐enters the lower part of the open‐window at the immediate upper floor. It was found that the room air could contain up to 7% of the exhaust air from the lower floor, and this occurs at low wind conditions with a combination of indoor–outdoor temperature difference. The results can well explain the earlier governmental finding that DNA strings of SARS Corono‐Virus were detected within the sampled deposits on the window sills of the upper floors of the two index patients’ flats. The preliminary and yet alarming conclusion may be that, in high‐rise buildings, windows flush with a flat façade can be a major route for the vertical spread of pathogen‐containing aerosols.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Niu, J" sort="Niu, J" uniqKey="Niu J" first="J." last="Niu">J. Niu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Tung, T C W" sort="Tung, T C W" uniqKey="Tung T" first="T. C. W." last="Tung">T. C. W. Tung</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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