Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China.
Identifieur interne : 000145 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000144; suivant : 000146Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China.
Auteurs : Cuiyan Wang ; Riyu Pan ; Xiaoyang Wan ; Yilin Tan ; Linkang Xu ; Cyrus S. Ho ; Roger C. HoSource :
- International journal of environmental research and public health [ 1660-4601 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20-24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051729
PubMed: 32155789
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China.</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Cuiyan" sort="Wang, Cuiyan" uniqKey="Wang C" first="Cuiyan" last="Wang">Cuiyan Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pan, Riyu" sort="Pan, Riyu" uniqKey="Pan R" first="Riyu" last="Pan">Riyu Pan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wan, Xiaoyang" sort="Wan, Xiaoyang" uniqKey="Wan X" first="Xiaoyang" last="Wan">Xiaoyang Wan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Yilin" sort="Tan, Yilin" uniqKey="Tan Y" first="Yilin" last="Tan">Yilin Tan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Linkang" sort="Xu, Linkang" uniqKey="Xu L" first="Linkang" last="Xu">Linkang Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Cyrus S" sort="Ho, Cyrus S" uniqKey="Ho C" first="Cyrus S" last="Ho">Cyrus S. Ho</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Kent Ridge 119228, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Roger C" sort="Ho, Roger C" uniqKey="Ho R" first="Roger C" last="Ho">Roger C. Ho</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32155789</idno><idno type="pmid">32155789</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/ijerph17051729</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000145</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000145</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China.</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Cuiyan" sort="Wang, Cuiyan" uniqKey="Wang C" first="Cuiyan" last="Wang">Cuiyan Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pan, Riyu" sort="Pan, Riyu" uniqKey="Pan R" first="Riyu" last="Pan">Riyu Pan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wan, Xiaoyang" sort="Wan, Xiaoyang" uniqKey="Wan X" first="Xiaoyang" last="Wan">Xiaoyang Wan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tan, Yilin" sort="Tan, Yilin" uniqKey="Tan Y" first="Yilin" last="Tan">Yilin Tan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Linkang" sort="Xu, Linkang" uniqKey="Xu L" first="Linkang" last="Xu">Linkang Xu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Cyrus S" sort="Ho, Cyrus S" uniqKey="Ho C" first="Cyrus S" last="Ho">Cyrus S. Ho</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Kent Ridge 119228, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ho, Roger C" sort="Ho, Roger C" uniqKey="Ho R" first="Roger C" last="Ho">Roger C. Ho</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International journal of environmental research and public health</title><idno type="eISSN">1660-4601</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><i>Background:</i> The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. <i>Methods:</i> From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). <i>Results:</i> This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20-24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Conclusions:</i> During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32155789</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>16</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1660-4601</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>17</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>06</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>International journal of environmental research and public health</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int J Environ Res Public Health</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">E1729</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/ijerph17051729</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText><i>Background:</i> The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. <i>Methods:</i> From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). <i>Results:</i> This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20-24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Conclusions:</i> During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wang</LastName><ForeName>Cuiyan</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8612-5194</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pan</LastName><ForeName>Riyu</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wan</LastName><ForeName>Xiaoyang</ForeName><Initials>X</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tan</LastName><ForeName>Yilin</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xu</LastName><ForeName>Linkang</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ho</LastName><ForeName>Cyrus S</ForeName><Initials>CS</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-7092-9566</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Kent Ridge 119228, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 119228, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ho</LastName><ForeName>Roger C</ForeName><Initials>RC</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-9629-4493</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 119228, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 119077, Singapore.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>06</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country><MedlineTA>Int J Environ Res Public Health</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101238455</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1660-4601</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">anxiety</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">coronavirus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">depression</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemic</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">knowledge</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">precaution</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">psychological impact</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">respiratory symptoms</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">stress</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>14</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2020</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>03</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>12</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32155789</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">ijerph17051729</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.3390/ijerph17051729</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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