Clinical Impact of Infection with Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Naïve Nucleus and Multiplier Pig Herds in Norway
Identifieur interne : 000599 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000598; suivant : 000600Clinical Impact of Infection with Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Naïve Nucleus and Multiplier Pig Herds in Norway
Auteurs : Carl Andreas Gr Ntvedt [Norvège] ; Chiek Er [Norvège] ; Britt Gjerset [Norvège] ; Anna Germundsson [Norvège] ; Tore Framstad [Norvège] ; Edgar Brun [Norvège] ; Anne J Rgensen [Norvège] ; Bj Rn Lium [Norvège]Source :
- Influenza Research and Treatment [ 2090-1380 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
The Norwegian pig population has been free from influenza viruses until 2009. The pandemic influenza outbreak during the autumn 2009 provided an opportunity to study the clinical impact of this infection in an entirely naïve pig population. This paper describes the results of a case-control study on the clinical impact of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 infection in the nucleus and multiplier herds in Norway. The infection spread readily and led to seroconversion of 42% of the Norwegian nucleus and multiplier herds within a year. Positive and negative herds were identified based on surveillance data from the Norwegian Veterinary Institute. Telephone interviews were conducted with pig herd owners or managers between November 2010 and January 2011. Pigs with clinical signs were reported from 40% of the case herds with varying morbidity and duration of respiratory disease and reduced reproductive performance. Clinical signs were reported in all age groups.
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2011/163745
PubMed: 23074653
PubMed Central: 3447284
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Clinical Impact of Infection with Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Naïve Nucleus and Multiplier Pig Herds in Norway</title>
<author><name sortKey="Gr Ntvedt, Carl Andreas" sort="Gr Ntvedt, Carl Andreas" uniqKey="Gr Ntvedt C" first="Carl Andreas" last="Gr Ntvedt">Carl Andreas Gr Ntvedt</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Er, Chiek" sort="Er, Chiek" uniqKey="Er C" first="Chiek" last="Er">Chiek Er</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Health Surveillance, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, 0106 Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Surveillance, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, 0106 Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Gjerset, Britt" sort="Gjerset, Britt" uniqKey="Gjerset B" first="Britt" last="Gjerset">Britt Gjerset</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Laboratory Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, 0106 Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Germundsson, Anna" sort="Germundsson, Anna" uniqKey="Germundsson A" first="Anna" last="Germundsson">Anna Germundsson</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Health Surveillance, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, 0106 Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="J Rgensen, Anne" sort="J Rgensen, Anne" uniqKey="J Rgensen A" first="Anne" last="J Rgensen">Anne J Rgensen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lium, Bj Rn" sort="Lium, Bj Rn" uniqKey="Lium B" first="Bj Rn" last="Lium">Bj Rn Lium</name>
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<series><title level="j">Influenza Research and Treatment</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2090-1380</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2090-1399</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The Norwegian pig population has been free from influenza viruses until 2009. The pandemic influenza outbreak during the autumn 2009 provided an opportunity to study the clinical impact of this infection in an entirely naïve pig population. This paper describes the results of a case-control study on the clinical impact of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 infection in the nucleus and multiplier herds in Norway. The infection spread readily and led to seroconversion of 42% of the Norwegian nucleus and multiplier herds within a year. Positive and negative herds were identified based on surveillance data from the Norwegian Veterinary Institute. Telephone interviews were conducted with pig herd owners or managers between November 2010 and January 2011. Pigs with clinical signs were reported from 40% of the case herds with varying morbidity and duration of respiratory disease and reduced reproductive performance. Clinical signs were reported in all age groups.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Influenza Res Treat</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Influenza Res Treat</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IRT</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Influenza Research and Treatment</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2090-1380</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2090-1399</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23074653</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3447284</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2011/163745</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Clinical Impact of Infection with Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Naïve Nucleus and Multiplier Pig Herds in Norway</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grøntvedt</surname>
<given-names>Carl Andreas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Er</surname>
<given-names>Chiek</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gjerset</surname>
<given-names>Britt</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Germundsson</surname>
<given-names>Anna</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Framstad</surname>
<given-names>Tore</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brun</surname>
<given-names>Edgar</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jørgensen</surname>
<given-names>Anne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lium</surname>
<given-names>Bjørn</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>
Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, P.O. Box 8146, 0033 Oslo, Norway</aff>
<aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>
Department of Health Surveillance, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, 0106 Oslo, Norway</aff>
<aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>
Department of Laboratory Services, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, 0106 Oslo, Norway</aff>
<aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>
Norwegian Pig Health Service, Animalia, P.O. Box 396, 0513 Oslo, Norway</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Carl Andreas Grøntvedt: <email>carl.grontvedt@nvh.no</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Montserrat Torremorell</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2011</volume>
<elocation-id>163745</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>14</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>20</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>1</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011 Carl Andreas Grøntvedt et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>The Norwegian pig population has been free from influenza viruses until 2009. The pandemic influenza outbreak during the autumn 2009 provided an opportunity to study the clinical impact of this infection in an entirely naïve pig population. This paper describes the results of a case-control study on the clinical impact of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 infection in the nucleus and multiplier herds in Norway. The infection spread readily and led to seroconversion of 42% of the Norwegian nucleus and multiplier herds within a year. Positive and negative herds were identified based on surveillance data from the Norwegian Veterinary Institute. Telephone interviews were conducted with pig herd owners or managers between November 2010 and January 2011. Pigs with clinical signs were reported from 40% of the case herds with varying morbidity and duration of respiratory disease and reduced reproductive performance. Clinical signs were reported in all age groups.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="fig1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>The distribution of the herds in the study population.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="IRT2011-163745.001"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="tab1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Distribution of observed clinical signs in different age groups in clinically positive herds. The number in brackets refers to percentage of herds with these signs in different age groups of pigs.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Clinical signs</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sows (%), <italic>n</italic>
= 17</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unweaned piglets (%), <italic>n</italic>
= 8</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Weaned piglets (%), <italic>n</italic>
= 6</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Growers, finishers, recruit sows (%), <italic>n</italic>
= 8</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Coughing</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (29.4)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (62.5)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (100)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (62.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sneezing</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (23.5)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (50.0)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (83.3)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (50.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lethargy</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (41.2)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (37.5)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (33.3)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (25.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fever</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 (35.3)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (33.3)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (25.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Decreased feed intake</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (70.6)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (25.0)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (33.4)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (50.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abortions</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (47.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stillbirths</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (29.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reduced litter sizes</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (47.0)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Returns to estrus</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 (53.0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Proportion of animals showing clinical signs of influenza like various age groups (<italic>n</italic>
= number of herds, CI = confidence interval).</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1"></th>
<th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Min. %</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Max. %</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Mean %</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">95% CI</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sows (<italic>n</italic>
= 17)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58.2</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Piglets (<italic>n</italic>
= 8)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.6</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Weaners (<italic>n</italic>
= 6)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.9</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Growers, finishers, recruit sows (<italic>n</italic>
= 8)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.7</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab3" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Duration of clinical signs in herds with reported signs of pig-influenza-like illness.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total no. of herds with obs. clinical signs</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">One week or less</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">One to two weeks</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Two weeks or more</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unsure about duration</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sows</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> (i) Reproductive signs</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> (ii) Only other clinical signs</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Piglets</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Weaners</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Growers, finishers, recruit sows</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>
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