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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome</title>
<author><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen M" sort="Arabi, Yaseen M" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen M." last="Arabi">Yaseen M. Arabi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balkhy, Hanan H" sort="Balkhy, Hanan H" uniqKey="Balkhy H" first="Hanan H." last="Balkhy">Hanan H. Balkhy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayden, Frederick G" sort="Hayden, Frederick G" uniqKey="Hayden F" first="Frederick G." last="Hayden">Frederick G. Hayden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bouchama, Abderrezak" sort="Bouchama, Abderrezak" uniqKey="Bouchama A" first="Abderrezak" last="Bouchama">Abderrezak Bouchama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luke, Thomas" sort="Luke, Thomas" uniqKey="Luke T" first="Thomas" last="Luke">Thomas Luke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baillie, J Kenneth" sort="Baillie, J Kenneth" uniqKey="Baillie J" first="J. Kenneth" last="Baillie">J. Kenneth Baillie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Omari, Awad" sort="Al Omari, Awad" uniqKey="Al Omari A" first="Awad" last="Al-Omari">Awad Al-Omari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hajeer, Ali H" sort="Hajeer, Ali H" uniqKey="Hajeer A" first="Ali H." last="Hajeer">Ali H. Hajeer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Senga, Mikiko" sort="Senga, Mikiko" uniqKey="Senga M" first="Mikiko" last="Senga">Mikiko Senga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Denison, Mark R" sort="Denison, Mark R" uniqKey="Denison M" first="Mark R." last="Denison">Mark R. Denison</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nguyen Van Tam, Jonathan S" sort="Nguyen Van Tam, Jonathan S" uniqKey="Nguyen Van Tam J" first="Jonathan S." last="Nguyen-Van-Tam">Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shindo, Nahoko" sort="Shindo, Nahoko" uniqKey="Shindo N" first="Nahoko" last="Shindo">Nahoko Shindo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bermingham, Alison" sort="Bermingham, Alison" uniqKey="Bermingham A" first="Alison" last="Bermingham">Alison Bermingham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chappell, James D" sort="Chappell, James D" uniqKey="Chappell J" first="James D." last="Chappell">James D. Chappell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Kerkhove, Maria D" sort="Van Kerkhove, Maria D" uniqKey="Van Kerkhove M" first="Maria D." last="Van Kerkhove">Maria D. Van Kerkhove</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fowler, Robert A" sort="Fowler, Robert A" uniqKey="Fowler R" first="Robert A." last="Fowler">Robert A. Fowler</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">28177862</idno>
<idno type="pmc">5362064</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5362064</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:5362064</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1056/NEJMsr1408795</idno>
<date when="2017">2017</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000487</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000487</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome</title>
<author><name sortKey="Arabi, Yaseen M" sort="Arabi, Yaseen M" uniqKey="Arabi Y" first="Yaseen M." last="Arabi">Yaseen M. Arabi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balkhy, Hanan H" sort="Balkhy, Hanan H" uniqKey="Balkhy H" first="Hanan H." last="Balkhy">Hanan H. Balkhy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayden, Frederick G" sort="Hayden, Frederick G" uniqKey="Hayden F" first="Frederick G." last="Hayden">Frederick G. Hayden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bouchama, Abderrezak" sort="Bouchama, Abderrezak" uniqKey="Bouchama A" first="Abderrezak" last="Bouchama">Abderrezak Bouchama</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Luke, Thomas" sort="Luke, Thomas" uniqKey="Luke T" first="Thomas" last="Luke">Thomas Luke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baillie, J Kenneth" sort="Baillie, J Kenneth" uniqKey="Baillie J" first="J. Kenneth" last="Baillie">J. Kenneth Baillie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Omari, Awad" sort="Al Omari, Awad" uniqKey="Al Omari A" first="Awad" last="Al-Omari">Awad Al-Omari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hajeer, Ali H" sort="Hajeer, Ali H" uniqKey="Hajeer A" first="Ali H." last="Hajeer">Ali H. Hajeer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Senga, Mikiko" sort="Senga, Mikiko" uniqKey="Senga M" first="Mikiko" last="Senga">Mikiko Senga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Denison, Mark R" sort="Denison, Mark R" uniqKey="Denison M" first="Mark R." last="Denison">Mark R. Denison</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nguyen Van Tam, Jonathan S" sort="Nguyen Van Tam, Jonathan S" uniqKey="Nguyen Van Tam J" first="Jonathan S." last="Nguyen-Van-Tam">Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shindo, Nahoko" sort="Shindo, Nahoko" uniqKey="Shindo N" first="Nahoko" last="Shindo">Nahoko Shindo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bermingham, Alison" sort="Bermingham, Alison" uniqKey="Bermingham A" first="Alison" last="Bermingham">Alison Bermingham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chappell, James D" sort="Chappell, James D" uniqKey="Chappell J" first="James D." last="Chappell">James D. Chappell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Kerkhove, Maria D" sort="Van Kerkhove, Maria D" uniqKey="Van Kerkhove M" first="Maria D." last="Van Kerkhove">Maria D. Van Kerkhove</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fowler, Robert A" sort="Fowler, Robert A" uniqKey="Fowler R" first="Robert A." last="Fowler">Robert A. Fowler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">The New England journal of medicine</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0028-4793</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1533-4406</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title>
<p id="P1">Between September 2012 and January 20, 2017, the World Health
Organization (WHO) received reports from 27 countries of 1879
laboratory-confirmed cases in humans of the Middle East respiratory syndrome
(MERS) caused by infection with the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and at least 659
related deaths. Cases of MERS-CoV infection continue to occur, including
sporadic zoonotic infections in humans across the Arabian Peninsula, occasional
importations and associated clusters in other regions, and outbreaks of
nonsustained human-to-human transmission in health care settings. Dromedary
camels are considered to be the most likely source of animal-to-human
transmission. MERS-CoV enters host cells after binding the dipeptidyl peptidase
4 (DPP-4) receptor and the carcinoembryonic antigen–related cell-adhesion
molecule 5 (CEACAM5) cofactor ligand, and it replicates efficiently in the human
respiratory epithelium. Illness begins after an incubation period of 2 to 14
days and frequently results in hypoxemic respiratory failure and the need for
multiorgan support. However, asymptomatic and mild cases also occur. Real-time
reverse-transcription–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) testing of
respiratory secretions is the mainstay for diagnosis, and samples from the lower
respiratory tract have the greatest yield among seriously ill patients. There is
no antiviral therapy of proven efficacy, and thus treatment remains largely
supportive; potential vaccines are at an early developmental stage. There are
multiple gaps in knowledge regarding the evolution and transmission of the
virus, disease pathogenesis, treatment, and prospects for a vaccine. The ongoing
occurrence of MERS in humans and the associated high mortality call for a
continued collaborative approach toward gaining a better understanding of the
infection both in humans and in animals.</p>
<p id="P2">MERS-CoV was first identified in September 2012<xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
in a patient from Saudi Arabia who had hypoxemic
respiratory failure and multiorgan illness. Subsequent cases have included
infections in humans across the Arabian Peninsula, occasional importations and
associated clusters in other regions, and outbreaks of nonsustained
human-to-human transmission in health care settings (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>
).</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0255562</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">5985</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">N Engl J Med</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">N. Engl. J. Med.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>The New England journal of medicine</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0028-4793</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1533-4406</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28177862</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5362064</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMsr1408795</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">EMS71785</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arabi</surname>
<given-names>Yaseen M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Balkhy</surname>
<given-names>Hanan H.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hayden</surname>
<given-names>Frederick G.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bouchama</surname>
<given-names>Abderrezak</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luke</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baillie</surname>
<given-names>J. Kenneth</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Omari</surname>
<given-names>Awad</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hajeer</surname>
<given-names>Ali H.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Ph.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Senga</surname>
<given-names>Mikiko</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Ph.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Denison</surname>
<given-names>Mark R.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nguyen-Van-Tam</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan S.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>D.M.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shindo</surname>
<given-names>Nahoko</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" deceased="yes"><name><surname>Bermingham</surname>
<given-names>Alison</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Ph.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chappell</surname>
<given-names>James D.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Van Kerkhove</surname>
<given-names>Maria D.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Ph.D.</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fowler</surname>
<given-names>Robert A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D., C.M., M.S. (Epi)</degrees>
</contrib>
<aff id="A1">From the Departments of Intensive Care (Y.M.A., A. Bouchama), Infection Prevention and Control (H.H.B.), and Pathology and Laboratory (A.H.H.), King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (Y.M.A., H.H.B., A. Bouchama, A.H.H.), the Department of Intensive Care, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Group Hospitals (A.A.-O.), and Alfaisal University (A.A.-O.) — all in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (F.G.H.); the Department of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD (T.L.); the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, and Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (J.K.B.), the Health Protection and Influenza Research Group, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham (J.S.N.-V.-T.), and the Virus Reference Laboratory, Public Health England, London (A. Bermingham) — all in the United Kingdom; the Department of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva (M.S., N.S., R.A.F.); the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville (M.R.D., J.D.C.); the Center for Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris (M.D.V.K.); and the Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, and the Department of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre — both in Toronto (R.A.F.).</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="CR1">Address reprint requests to Dr. Arabi at King Saud bin Abdulaziz
University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, P.O. Box 22490,
Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia, or at<email>arabi@ngha.med.sa</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="FN4" fn-type="deceased"><p id="P39">Dr. Bermingham is deceased.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>21</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>09</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>09</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>376</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>584</fpage>
<lpage>594</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1056/NEJMsr1408795</pmc-comment>
<abstract><title>Summary</title>
<p id="P1">Between September 2012 and January 20, 2017, the World Health
Organization (WHO) received reports from 27 countries of 1879
laboratory-confirmed cases in humans of the Middle East respiratory syndrome
(MERS) caused by infection with the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and at least 659
related deaths. Cases of MERS-CoV infection continue to occur, including
sporadic zoonotic infections in humans across the Arabian Peninsula, occasional
importations and associated clusters in other regions, and outbreaks of
nonsustained human-to-human transmission in health care settings. Dromedary
camels are considered to be the most likely source of animal-to-human
transmission. MERS-CoV enters host cells after binding the dipeptidyl peptidase
4 (DPP-4) receptor and the carcinoembryonic antigen–related cell-adhesion
molecule 5 (CEACAM5) cofactor ligand, and it replicates efficiently in the human
respiratory epithelium. Illness begins after an incubation period of 2 to 14
days and frequently results in hypoxemic respiratory failure and the need for
multiorgan support. However, asymptomatic and mild cases also occur. Real-time
reverse-transcription–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) testing of
respiratory secretions is the mainstay for diagnosis, and samples from the lower
respiratory tract have the greatest yield among seriously ill patients. There is
no antiviral therapy of proven efficacy, and thus treatment remains largely
supportive; potential vaccines are at an early developmental stage. There are
multiple gaps in knowledge regarding the evolution and transmission of the
virus, disease pathogenesis, treatment, and prospects for a vaccine. The ongoing
occurrence of MERS in humans and the associated high mortality call for a
continued collaborative approach toward gaining a better understanding of the
infection both in humans and in animals.</p>
<p id="P2">MERS-CoV was first identified in September 2012<xref rid="R1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>
in a patient from Saudi Arabia who had hypoxemic
respiratory failure and multiorgan illness. Subsequent cases have included
infections in humans across the Arabian Peninsula, occasional importations and
associated clusters in other regions, and outbreaks of nonsustained
human-to-human transmission in health care settings (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Fig. 1</xref>
).</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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