Reference gene selection for normalization of RT-qPCR gene expression data from Actinidia deliciosa leaves infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae
Identifieur interne : 000508 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000507; suivant : 000509Reference gene selection for normalization of RT-qPCR gene expression data from Actinidia deliciosa leaves infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae
Auteurs : Milena Petriccione [Italie] ; Francesco Mastrobuoni [Italie] ; Luigi Zampella [Italie] ; Marco Scortichini [Italie]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Normalization of data, by choosing the appropriate reference genes (RGs), is fundamental for obtaining reliable results in reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In this study, we assessed
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/srep16961
PubMed: 26581656
PubMed Central: 4652207
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Reference gene selection for normalization of RT-qPCR gene expression data from <italic>Actinidia deliciosa</italic> leaves infected with <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Petriccione, Milena" sort="Petriccione, Milena" uniqKey="Petriccione M" first="Milena" last="Petriccione">Milena Petriccione</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura</institution>, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mastrobuoni, Francesco" sort="Mastrobuoni, Francesco" uniqKey="Mastrobuoni F" first="Francesco" last="Mastrobuoni">Francesco Mastrobuoni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura</institution>, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zampella, Luigi" sort="Zampella, Luigi" uniqKey="Zampella L" first="Luigi" last="Zampella">Luigi Zampella</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura</institution>, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scortichini, Marco" sort="Scortichini, Marco" uniqKey="Scortichini M" first="Marco" last="Scortichini">Marco Scortichini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura</institution>, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26581656</idno><idno type="pmc">4652207</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4652207</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4652207</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/srep16961</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000061</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000061</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000061</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000061</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000315</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000315</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000508</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Reference gene selection for normalization of RT-qPCR gene expression data from <italic>Actinidia deliciosa</italic> leaves infected with <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Petriccione, Milena" sort="Petriccione, Milena" uniqKey="Petriccione M" first="Milena" last="Petriccione">Milena Petriccione</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura</institution>, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mastrobuoni, Francesco" sort="Mastrobuoni, Francesco" uniqKey="Mastrobuoni F" first="Francesco" last="Mastrobuoni">Francesco Mastrobuoni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura</institution>, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zampella, Luigi" sort="Zampella, Luigi" uniqKey="Zampella L" first="Luigi" last="Zampella">Luigi Zampella</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura</institution>, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scortichini, Marco" sort="Scortichini, Marco" uniqKey="Scortichini M" first="Marco" last="Scortichini">Marco Scortichini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura</institution>, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Normalization of data, by choosing the appropriate reference genes (RGs), is fundamental for obtaining reliable results in reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In this study, we assessed <italic>Actinidia deliciosa</italic> leaves inoculated with two doses of <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> during a period of 13 days for the expression profile of nine candidate RGs. Their expression stability was calculated using four algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and the deltaCt method. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<italic>GAPDH</italic>) and protein phosphatase 2A (<italic>PP2A</italic>) were the most stable genes, while β-tubulin and 7s-globulin were the less stable. Expression analysis of three target genes, chosen for RGs validation, encoding the reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) indicated that a combination of stable RGs, such as <italic>GAPDH</italic> and <italic>PP2A</italic>, can lead to an accurate quantification of the expression levels of such target genes. The <italic>APX</italic> level varied during the experiment time course and according to the inoculum doses, whereas both <italic>SOD</italic> and <italic>CAT</italic> resulted down-regulated during the first four days, and up-regulated afterwards, irrespective of inoculum dose. These results can be useful for better elucidating the molecular interaction in the <italic>A. deliciosa</italic>/<italic>P. s</italic>. pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> pathosystem and for RGs selection in bacteria-plant pathosystems.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wise, R P" uniqKey="Wise R">R. P. Wise</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moscou, M J" uniqKey="Moscou M">M. J. Moscou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bogdanove, A J" uniqKey="Bogdanove A">A. J. Bogdanove</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitham, S A" uniqKey="Whitham S">S. A. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientific Reports</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2045-2322</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26581656</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4652207</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">srep16961</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/srep16961</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Reference gene selection for normalization of RT-qPCR gene expression data from <italic>Actinidia deliciosa</italic> leaves infected with <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Petriccione</surname><given-names>Milena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mastrobuoni</surname><given-names>Francesco</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zampella</surname><given-names>Luigi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scortichini</surname><given-names>Marco</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura</institution>, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta,<country>Italy</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>milena.petriccione@entecra.it</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><elocation-id>16961</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Normalization of data, by choosing the appropriate reference genes (RGs), is fundamental for obtaining reliable results in reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In this study, we assessed <italic>Actinidia deliciosa</italic> leaves inoculated with two doses of <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> during a period of 13 days for the expression profile of nine candidate RGs. Their expression stability was calculated using four algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and the deltaCt method. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<italic>GAPDH</italic>) and protein phosphatase 2A (<italic>PP2A</italic>) were the most stable genes, while β-tubulin and 7s-globulin were the less stable. Expression analysis of three target genes, chosen for RGs validation, encoding the reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) indicated that a combination of stable RGs, such as <italic>GAPDH</italic> and <italic>PP2A</italic>, can lead to an accurate quantification of the expression levels of such target genes. The <italic>APX</italic> level varied during the experiment time course and according to the inoculum doses, whereas both <italic>SOD</italic> and <italic>CAT</italic> resulted down-regulated during the first four days, and up-regulated afterwards, irrespective of inoculum dose. These results can be useful for better elucidating the molecular interaction in the <italic>A. deliciosa</italic>/<italic>P. s</italic>. pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> pathosystem and for RGs selection in bacteria-plant pathosystems.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Cq values for nine candidate reference genes across experimental samples.</title><p>A square across the box is depicted as the median. The box indicates the 25th and 75th percentiles and the whiskers caps represent the maximum and minimum values.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep16961-f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Pairwise variation (V<sub>n</sub>/V<sub>n + 1</sub>) analysis between the normalization factors (NF<sub>n</sub> and NF<sub>n + 1</sub>) was performed by the geNorm program to determine the optimal number of reference genes required for effective normalization, and carried out for qPCR data normalization in leaves inoculated with low dose of <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> inoculum (LDI), leaves inoculated with high dose of <italic>P. s.</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> inoculum (HDI) and all samples combined together (Total). </p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep16961-f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Relative expression of the <italic>ascorbate peroxidase</italic> (A), <italic>catalase</italic> (B), and <italic>superoxide dismutase</italic> (C) gene normalized with the most stable reference genes (<italic>glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase</italic> and <italic>protein phosphatase 2</italic>) in kiwifruit leaves inoculated with low dose of <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> inoculum (LDI), leaves inoculated with high dose of <italic>P. s.</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> inoculum (HDI) compared to the mock-inoculated plants (C). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep16961-f3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Relative expression of the <italic>ascorbate peroxidase</italic> (A), <italic>catalase</italic> (B), and <italic>superoxide dismutase</italic> (C) gene normalized with the least stable reference genes (<italic>tubulin</italic> and <italic>7s-globulin</italic>) in kiwifruit leaves inoculated with low dose of <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> inoculum (LDI), leaves inoculated with high dose of <italic>P. s.</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> inoculum (HDI) compared to the mock-inoculated plants (C). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep16961-f4"></graphic></fig><table-wrap position="float" id="t1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Descriptions of nine candidate reference genes in <italic>Actinidia deliciosa</italic> and parameters derived from RT-qPCR analysis.</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene name (Gene symbol) AccessionNumber</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Primer sequence (5′-3′)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Amplicon length (bp)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Ta (°C)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Tm (°C)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">PCR efficiency (%)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Regression Coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>)</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td colspan="8" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Reference genes</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Actin (</bold><italic><bold>ACT</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: CCAAGGCCAACAGAGAGAAG</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">198</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">83</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">108.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.991</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b32">Ledger et al. 2010</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>FG440519</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: GACGGAGGATAGCATGAGGA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 9 (</bold><italic><bold>UBC9</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: CCATTTCCAAGGTGTTGCTT</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">109</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">84</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">100.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.999</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b34">Gunther et al. 2011</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>FG409482</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: TACTTGTTCCGGTCCGTCTT</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Elongation factor 1α (</bold><italic><bold>eEF-1a</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: GCACTGTCATTGATGCTCCT</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">118</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">82.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">102.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.999</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b33">Nardozza et al., 2013</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>FG418280</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: CCAGCTTCAAAACCACCAGT</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Protein phosphatase 2A (</bold><italic><bold>PP2A</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: GCAGCACATAATTCCACAGG</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">110</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">80.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">102.3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.999</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b33">Nardozza et al.2013</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>FG522516</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: TTTCTGAGCCCATAACAGGAG</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>SAND family protein (</bold><italic><bold>SAND</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: TGCGTCTGAGATTGAGGAGG</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">90</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">82</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">105.8</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.995</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">This study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>FG475049</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: GCCGTTTGAGAATCCGACAT</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Tubulin (</bold><italic><bold>TUB</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: CCGTTGCATCTTGGTACTGC</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">92</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">81</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">104.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.997</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">This study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>FG411346</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: GGGAGAAGGAATGGACGAGA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>7s-globulin (</bold><italic><bold>GLO7A</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: CCCCAGCTACCAGAAAGTGA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">101</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">85.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">102.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.998</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">This study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>FG438711</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: GATTCTGGTCGTTGGAAGCG</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Cyclophilin (</bold><italic><bold>CYP</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: ATCTGCGAGAATGCCAAACC</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">84</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">85.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">106.7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.998</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">This study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>FG412294</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: TACAGCTCCATCACGATCCG</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (</bold><italic><bold>GAPDH</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: GTTCCCACTGTCGATGTCTCA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">112</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">82</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">102.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.999</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">This study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>EU281570</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: CCCTTCATCTTGCCCTCAGA</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Target genes</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Ascorbate peroxidase (</bold><italic><bold>APX</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: GGAGCCGATCAAGGAACAGT</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">102</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">81.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">101.2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.997</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">This study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>FG408540</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: AACGGAATATCAGGGCCTCC</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Catalase (</bold><italic><bold>CAT</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: GCTTGGACCCAACTATCTGC</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">108</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">82.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">100.9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.999</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">This study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>FG470670</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: TTGACCTCCTCATCCCTGTG</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>Superoxide dismutase (</bold><italic><bold>SOD</bold></italic>)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">F: CACAAGAAGCACCACCAGAC</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">106</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">59</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">86</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">103.5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.998</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">This study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50"><bold>FG471220</bold></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">R: TCTGCAATTTGACGACGGTG</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"> </td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><title>Average stability values (SV) of the nine candidate reference genes are shown for leaves inoculated with low dose of <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> inoculum.</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center" char="."></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center" char="."></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center" char="."></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Rank</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">geNorm<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NormFinder<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">BestKeeper<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">deltaCt<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">SV</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">SV</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">SV</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">SV</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.38</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.09</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.72</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.64</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.38</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.18</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.81</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.72</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.38</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.19</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.95</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.74</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.53</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.23</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.97</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.76</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.61</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.26</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.02</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.77</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.64</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.31</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.16</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.83</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.72</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.31</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.28</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.97</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">8</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.78</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.40</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.34</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.86</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.49</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.68</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.12</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t3"><label>Table 3</label><caption><title>Average stability values (SV) of the nine candidate reference genes are shown for leaves inoculated with high dose of <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> inoculum.</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center" char="."></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center" char="."></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center" char="."></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center" char="."></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Rank</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">geNorm<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NormFinder<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">BestKeeper<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">deltaCt<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">SV</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">SV</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">SV</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">SV</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.40</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.09</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.50</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.63</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.41</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.12</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.61</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.64</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.42</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.13</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.63</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.64</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.53</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.14</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.65</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.66</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.57</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.17</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.68</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.73</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.63</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.21</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.68</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.82</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.67</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.27</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.76</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.85</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">8</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.71</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.30</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.83</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.85</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.78</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.39</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.14</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.00</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t4"><label>Table 4</label><caption><title>Average stability values (SV) of the nine candidate reference genes are shown for leaves inoculated with low and high dose of <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> inoculum.</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center" char="."></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center" char="."></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center" char="."></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center" char="."></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Rank</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">geNorm<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">NormFinder<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">BestKeeper<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">deltaCt<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">SV</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">SV</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">SV</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Gene</th><th align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">SV</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.39</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.09</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.69</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.65</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.41</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.17</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.76</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.69</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.42</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.20</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.86</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.73</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">4</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.54</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.22</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.92</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.73</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">5</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.63</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.28</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>ACT</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.95</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.75</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">6</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.66</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>eEF-1a</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.29</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.97</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.82</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">7</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.71</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>CYP</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.33</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>PP2A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.08</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.89</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">8</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>GLO7A</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.75</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.33</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>UBC9</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.17</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>SAND</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.92</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">9</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.81</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">0.40</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.42</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>TUB</italic></td><td align="center" valign="top" char="." charoff="50">1.02</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap position="float" id="t5"><label>Table 5</label><caption><title>Correlation of the candidate reference genes rank according to the evaluation based on four statistical algorithms for three comparison groups (leaves inoculated with low dose of <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> inoculum (LDI), leaves inoculated with high dose of <italic>P. s.</italic> pv. <italic>actinidiae</italic> inoculum (HDI) and all samples combined together (Total)).</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">Rank</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Correlation</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">LDI</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">HDI</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Total</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">geNorm VS NormFinder</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,764<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t5-fn1">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,745<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t5-fn1">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,782<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t5-fn1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">geNorm VS BestKeeper</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">−0.066</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,448</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">−0,070</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">geNorm VS deltaCt</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,877<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t5-fn2">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,958<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t5-fn2">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,859<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t5-fn2">**</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">NormFinder VS BestKeeper</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,122</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,017</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.099</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">NormFinder VS deltaCt</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,895<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t5-fn2">**</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,749<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t5-fn1">*</xref></td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.894<xref ref-type="fn" rid="t5-fn1">*</xref></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">deltaCt VS BestKeeper</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,135</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,542</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0,187</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t5-fn1"><p><sup>*</sup>Correlation is significant at 95% confidence level (2-tailed).</p></fn><fn id="t5-fn2"><p><sup>**</sup>Correlation is significant at 99% confidence level (2-tailed).</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Italie</li></country></list><tree><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Petriccione, Milena" sort="Petriccione, Milena" uniqKey="Petriccione M" first="Milena" last="Petriccione">Milena Petriccione</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Mastrobuoni, Francesco" sort="Mastrobuoni, Francesco" uniqKey="Mastrobuoni F" first="Francesco" last="Mastrobuoni">Francesco Mastrobuoni</name><name sortKey="Scortichini, Marco" sort="Scortichini, Marco" uniqKey="Scortichini M" first="Marco" last="Scortichini">Marco Scortichini</name><name sortKey="Zampella, Luigi" sort="Zampella, Luigi" uniqKey="Zampella L" first="Luigi" last="Zampella">Luigi Zampella</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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