Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis in swine
Identifieur interne : 000818 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000817; suivant : 000819Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis in swine
Auteurs : Robert W. Wills ; Jeffery T. Gray ; Paula J. Fedorka-Cray ; K.-J. Yoon ; Scott Ladely ; J. J. ZimmermanSource :
- Veterinary Microbiology [ 0378-1135 ] ; 2000.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Teeft :
- Alveolar macrophages, Bactericidal activity, Biomedical sciences, Body weight, Carrier state, Cecal contents, Ceftiofur sodium, Cell monolayers, Choleraesuis, Choleraesuis infection, Clinical disease, Clinical outbreaks, Clinical signs, Concurrent infection, Culture medium, Dexamethasone, Dexamethasone treatment, Elsevier science, Experimental conditions, Experimental reproduction, Fecal, Fecal sample, Fecal samples, Feces, Fever response, Full model, Gnotobiotic pigs, Greater proportion, Important role, Infection, Inoculated, Inoculated cells, Inoculated intranasally, Inoculated pigs, Inoculation, Intranasal inoculation, Intravascular macrophages, Isolation rooms, Lelystad virus, Likelihood ratio, Lung lavage, Macrophage, Microbiology, Middle ileum, Multiple range test, Mystery swine disease, Nasal swabs, Nursery pigs, Other groups, Pairwise comparisons, Pig, Pigs inoculated, Porcine, Porcine alveolar macrophages, Porcine epidemic abortion, Positive tissues, Postmortem tissues, Poultry microbiology research unit, Probable number, Prrs, Prrsv, Prrsv infection, Prrsv infections, Pulmonary intravascular macrophages, Quantitative recovery, Rectal swabs, Regression plots, Respiratory disease, Respiratory syndrome, Respiratory syndrome virus, Rough hair coats, Russell research center, Salmonella, Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella choleraesuis infection, Salmonella typhimurium, Same superscript, Sample collection, Secondary infections, Serum samples, Standard deviation, Swab, Swine, Swine infertility, Swine pract, Syndrome, Tonsil, Treatment differences, Treatment group, Treatment groups, Veterinary, Veterinary microbiology, Virus titers.
Abstract
Abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. While respiratory disease is common in both S. choleraesuis and PRRSV infections, the factors that contribute to its development remain largely undefined. We investigated the interaction of PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and stress in 5-week-old swine. All combinations of three factors (inoculation with S. choleraesuis on Day 0, PRRSV on Day 3, and treatment with dexamethasone on Days 3–7) were used to produce eight treatment groups in two independent trials. Fecal samples, tonsil and nasal swabs, serum samples and postmortem tissues were collected for bacteriologic and virologic examinations. No clinical signs were observed in pigs inoculated with only PRRSV or only S. choleraesuis. In contrast, pigs which were dually infected with S. choleraesuis and PRRSV exhibited unthriftiness, rough hair coats, dyspnea, and diarrhea. The pigs which received all three treatment factors were the most severely affected and 43% (three of seven) of the animals in this group died. Individuals in this group shed significantly higher quantities of S. choleraesuis in feces and had significantly higher serum PRRSV titers compared to other treatments (p≤0.05). In addition, S. choleraesuis and PRRSV were shed longer and by more pigs in this group than other groups and S. choleraesuis was recovered from more tissues in this group on Day 21 post inoculation. These results suggested that PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and dexamethasone acted synergistically to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in the field.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00175-3
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:74743F71128703B01C6A984DCBD9410F0A1A0D71Le document en format XML
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Gray</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorka Cray, Paula J" sort="Fedorka Cray, Paula J" uniqKey="Fedorka Cray P" first="Paula J." last="Fedorka-Cray">Paula J. Fedorka-Cray</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yoon, K J" sort="Yoon, K J" uniqKey="Yoon K" first="K.-J." last="Yoon">K.-J. Yoon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ladely, Scott" sort="Ladely, Scott" uniqKey="Ladely S" first="Scott" last="Ladely">Scott Ladely</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zimmerman, J J" sort="Zimmerman, J J" uniqKey="Zimmerman J" first="J. J." last="Zimmerman">J. J. 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Wills</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: rwills1@unl.edu</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gray, Jeffery T" sort="Gray, Jeffery T" uniqKey="Gray J" first="Jeffery T." last="Gray">Jeffery T. Gray</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorka Cray, Paula J" sort="Fedorka Cray, Paula J" uniqKey="Fedorka Cray P" first="Paula J." last="Fedorka-Cray">Paula J. Fedorka-Cray</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yoon, K J" sort="Yoon, K J" uniqKey="Yoon K" first="K.-J." last="Yoon">K.-J. Yoon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ladely, Scott" sort="Ladely, Scott" uniqKey="Ladely S" first="Scott" last="Ladely">Scott Ladely</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zimmerman, J J" sort="Zimmerman, J J" uniqKey="Zimmerman J" first="J. J." last="Zimmerman">J. J. Zimmerman</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Veterinary Microbiology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">VETMIC</title><idno type="ISSN">0378-1135</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000">2000</date><biblScope unit="volume">71</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3–4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="177">177</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="192">192</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0378-1135</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0378-1135</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Interaction</term><term>Pig-bacteria</term><term>Pig-viruses</term><term>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)</term><term>Salmonella choleraesuis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Alveolar macrophages</term><term>Bactericidal activity</term><term>Biomedical sciences</term><term>Body weight</term><term>Carrier state</term><term>Cecal contents</term><term>Ceftiofur sodium</term><term>Cell monolayers</term><term>Choleraesuis</term><term>Choleraesuis infection</term><term>Clinical disease</term><term>Clinical outbreaks</term><term>Clinical signs</term><term>Concurrent infection</term><term>Culture medium</term><term>Dexamethasone</term><term>Dexamethasone treatment</term><term>Elsevier science</term><term>Experimental conditions</term><term>Experimental reproduction</term><term>Fecal</term><term>Fecal sample</term><term>Fecal samples</term><term>Feces</term><term>Fever response</term><term>Full model</term><term>Gnotobiotic pigs</term><term>Greater proportion</term><term>Important role</term><term>Infection</term><term>Inoculated</term><term>Inoculated cells</term><term>Inoculated intranasally</term><term>Inoculated pigs</term><term>Inoculation</term><term>Intranasal inoculation</term><term>Intravascular macrophages</term><term>Isolation rooms</term><term>Lelystad virus</term><term>Likelihood ratio</term><term>Lung lavage</term><term>Macrophage</term><term>Microbiology</term><term>Middle ileum</term><term>Multiple range test</term><term>Mystery swine disease</term><term>Nasal swabs</term><term>Nursery pigs</term><term>Other groups</term><term>Pairwise comparisons</term><term>Pig</term><term>Pigs inoculated</term><term>Porcine</term><term>Porcine alveolar macrophages</term><term>Porcine epidemic abortion</term><term>Positive tissues</term><term>Postmortem tissues</term><term>Poultry microbiology research unit</term><term>Probable number</term><term>Prrs</term><term>Prrsv</term><term>Prrsv infection</term><term>Prrsv infections</term><term>Pulmonary intravascular macrophages</term><term>Quantitative recovery</term><term>Rectal swabs</term><term>Regression plots</term><term>Respiratory disease</term><term>Respiratory syndrome</term><term>Respiratory syndrome virus</term><term>Rough hair coats</term><term>Russell research center</term><term>Salmonella</term><term>Salmonella choleraesuis</term><term>Salmonella choleraesuis infection</term><term>Salmonella typhimurium</term><term>Same superscript</term><term>Sample collection</term><term>Secondary infections</term><term>Serum samples</term><term>Standard deviation</term><term>Swab</term><term>Swine</term><term>Swine infertility</term><term>Swine pract</term><term>Syndrome</term><term>Tonsil</term><term>Treatment differences</term><term>Treatment group</term><term>Treatment groups</term><term>Veterinary</term><term>Veterinary microbiology</term><term>Virus titers</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. While respiratory disease is common in both S. choleraesuis and PRRSV infections, the factors that contribute to its development remain largely undefined. We investigated the interaction of PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and stress in 5-week-old swine. All combinations of three factors (inoculation with S. choleraesuis on Day 0, PRRSV on Day 3, and treatment with dexamethasone on Days 3–7) were used to produce eight treatment groups in two independent trials. Fecal samples, tonsil and nasal swabs, serum samples and postmortem tissues were collected for bacteriologic and virologic examinations. No clinical signs were observed in pigs inoculated with only PRRSV or only S. choleraesuis. In contrast, pigs which were dually infected with S. choleraesuis and PRRSV exhibited unthriftiness, rough hair coats, dyspnea, and diarrhea. The pigs which received all three treatment factors were the most severely affected and 43% (three of seven) of the animals in this group died. Individuals in this group shed significantly higher quantities of S. choleraesuis in feces and had significantly higher serum PRRSV titers compared to other treatments (p≤0.05). In addition, S. choleraesuis and PRRSV were shed longer and by more pigs in this group than other groups and S. choleraesuis was recovered from more tissues in this group on Day 21 post inoculation. These results suggested that PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and dexamethasone acted synergistically to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in the field.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>choleraesuis</json:string><json:string>prrsv</json:string><json:string>porcine</json:string><json:string>salmonella</json:string><json:string>microbiology</json:string><json:string>treatment groups</json:string><json:string>veterinary microbiology</json:string><json:string>inoculated</json:string><json:string>macrophage</json:string><json:string>salmonella choleraesuis</json:string><json:string>prrs</json:string><json:string>respiratory syndrome virus</json:string><json:string>swab</json:string><json:string>respiratory syndrome</json:string><json:string>fecal</json:string><json:string>prrsv infection</json:string><json:string>feces</json:string><json:string>pig</json:string><json:string>choleraesuis infection</json:string><json:string>syndrome</json:string><json:string>swine</json:string><json:string>same superscript</json:string><json:string>mystery swine disease</json:string><json:string>multiple range test</json:string><json:string>concurrent infection</json:string><json:string>respiratory disease</json:string><json:string>dexamethasone</json:string><json:string>lelystad virus</json:string><json:string>clinical disease</json:string><json:string>experimental reproduction</json:string><json:string>inoculation</json:string><json:string>infection</json:string><json:string>serum samples</json:string><json:string>other groups</json:string><json:string>swine pract</json:string><json:string>clinical signs</json:string><json:string>experimental conditions</json:string><json:string>alveolar macrophages</json:string><json:string>carrier state</json:string><json:string>porcine epidemic abortion</json:string><json:string>clinical outbreaks</json:string><json:string>intravascular macrophages</json:string><json:string>nasal swabs</json:string><json:string>pairwise comparisons</json:string><json:string>treatment group</json:string><json:string>salmonella typhimurium</json:string><json:string>fecal samples</json:string><json:string>bactericidal activity</json:string><json:string>fever response</json:string><json:string>full model</json:string><json:string>prrsv infections</json:string><json:string>rectal swabs</json:string><json:string>tonsil</json:string><json:string>veterinary</json:string><json:string>greater proportion</json:string><json:string>body weight</json:string><json:string>cecal contents</json:string><json:string>sample collection</json:string><json:string>porcine alveolar macrophages</json:string><json:string>lung lavage</json:string><json:string>culture medium</json:string><json:string>inoculated cells</json:string><json:string>cell monolayers</json:string><json:string>virus titers</json:string><json:string>probable number</json:string><json:string>inoculated intranasally</json:string><json:string>likelihood ratio</json:string><json:string>dexamethasone treatment</json:string><json:string>ceftiofur sodium</json:string><json:string>regression plots</json:string><json:string>standard deviation</json:string><json:string>quantitative recovery</json:string><json:string>fecal sample</json:string><json:string>middle ileum</json:string><json:string>intranasal inoculation</json:string><json:string>inoculated pigs</json:string><json:string>positive tissues</json:string><json:string>treatment differences</json:string><json:string>secondary infections</json:string><json:string>gnotobiotic pigs</json:string><json:string>elsevier science</json:string><json:string>pulmonary intravascular macrophages</json:string><json:string>important role</json:string><json:string>russell research center</json:string><json:string>poultry microbiology research unit</json:string><json:string>biomedical sciences</json:string><json:string>rough hair coats</json:string><json:string>swine infertility</json:string><json:string>pigs inoculated</json:string><json:string>salmonella choleraesuis infection</json:string><json:string>nursery pigs</json:string><json:string>postmortem tissues</json:string><json:string>isolation rooms</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Robert W. Wills</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: rwills1@unl.edu</json:string><json:string>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jeffery T. Gray</name><affiliations><json:string>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Paula J. Fedorka-Cray</name><affiliations><json:string>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K.-J. Yoon</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Scott Ladely</name><affiliations><json:string>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J.J. Zimmerman</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Salmonella choleraesuis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Interaction</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Pig-bacteria</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Pig-viruses</value></json:item></subject><arkIstex>ark:/67375/6H6-X8FJ5774-B</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. While respiratory disease is common in both S. choleraesuis and PRRSV infections, the factors that contribute to its development remain largely undefined. We investigated the interaction of PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and stress in 5-week-old swine. All combinations of three factors (inoculation with S. choleraesuis on Day 0, PRRSV on Day 3, and treatment with dexamethasone on Days 3–7) were used to produce eight treatment groups in two independent trials. Fecal samples, tonsil and nasal swabs, serum samples and postmortem tissues were collected for bacteriologic and virologic examinations. No clinical signs were observed in pigs inoculated with only PRRSV or only S. choleraesuis. In contrast, pigs which were dually infected with S. choleraesuis and PRRSV exhibited unthriftiness, rough hair coats, dyspnea, and diarrhea. The pigs which received all three treatment factors were the most severely affected and 43% (three of seven) of the animals in this group died. Individuals in this group shed significantly higher quantities of S. choleraesuis in feces and had significantly higher serum PRRSV titers compared to other treatments (p≤0.05). In addition, S. choleraesuis and PRRSV were shed longer and by more pigs in this group than other groups and S. choleraesuis was recovered from more tissues in this group on Day 21 post inoculation. These results suggested that PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and dexamethasone acted synergistically to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in the field.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>10</score><pdfWordCount>6426</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>39369</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>16</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>466 x 681 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>251</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1663</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>5</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis in swine</title><pmid><json:string>10703702</json:string></pmid><pii><json:string>S0378-1135(99)00175-3</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Veterinary Microbiology</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate><issn><json:string>0378-1135</json:string></issn><pii><json:string>S0378-1135(00)X0072-7</json:string></pii><volume>71</volume><issue>3–4</issue><pages><first>177</first><last>192</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2000</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>South Dakota State University</json:string><json:string>Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences</json:string><json:string>Richard Russell Research Center, Athens, GA</json:string><json:string>ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA</json:string><json:string>National Pork Board</json:string><json:string>National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA</json:string><json:string>Fort Dodge Laboratories</json:string><json:string>SAS Institute, Cary, NC</json:string><json:string>University of Nebraska-Lincoln</json:string><json:string>IDEXX Laboratories</json:string><json:string>Iowa State University</json:string><json:string>Poultry Microbiology Research Unit, USDA</json:string><json:string>Iowa Pork Producers Association</json:string><json:string>National Pork Producers Council</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder><json:string>Iowa Pork Producers Association</json:string><json:string>National Pork Producers Council</json:string></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Jeffery T. Grayb</json:string><json:string>Lie-Ling Wu</json:string><json:string>J. Yoona</json:string><json:string>Currently</json:string><json:string>The</json:string><json:string>R.W. Wills</json:string><json:string>Paula J. Fedorka-Crayb</json:string><json:string>N. Dexamethasone</json:string><json:string>Scott Ladelyb</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>IA</json:string><json:string>Fort Dodge</json:string><json:string>ME</json:string><json:string>IN</json:string><json:string>Westbrook</json:string><json:string>Dublin</json:string><json:string>NE</json:string><json:string>Britain</json:string><json:string>MA</json:string><json:string>MI</json:string><json:string>Fort Wayne</json:string><json:string>Cambridge</json:string><json:string>Detroit</json:string><json:string>Lincoln</json:string><json:string>OH</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Gray et al., 1996a</json:string><json:string>Joo and Dee, 1993</json:string><json:string>Collins et al., 1992</json:string><json:string>Cooper et al., 1995</json:string><json:string>Pol et al., 1991</json:string><json:string>Plana et al., 1992</json:string><json:string>Stevenson et al., 1993</json:string><json:string>Collins et al., 1991</json:string><json:string>Wilcock and Schwartz, 1992</json:string><json:string>R.W. 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(1994)</json:string><json:string>Thanawongnuwech et al., 1997</json:string><json:string>Terpstra et al., 1991</json:string><json:string>Wensvoort et al., 1991</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/6H6-X8FJ5774-B</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - veterinary sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - microbiology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - applied sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - agriculture, fisheries & forestry</json:string><json:string>3 - veterinary sciences</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Veterinary</json:string><json:string>3 - General Veterinary</json:string><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - General Medicine</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Immunology and Microbiology</json:string><json:string>3 - Microbiology</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string><json:string>4 - pathologie infectieuse</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2000</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00175-3</json:string></doi><id>74743F71128703B01C6A984DCBD9410F0A1A0D71</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-X8FJ5774-B/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-X8FJ5774-B/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-X8FJ5774-B/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis in swine</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher scheme="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr">ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><licence><p>©2000 Elsevier Science B.V.</p></licence><p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</p></availability><date>2000</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="research-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</note><note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note><note type="content">Fig. 1: Regression plots of percentage of pigs within treatment groups with rectal temperatures exceeding 40.06°C (104.1°F). Treatment groups represented by a single regression line were not significantly different when plotted singly. Regression equations: ········Estimated percent of pigs with fever=25.0924(t)1.7482(t2). —— Estimated percent of pigs with fever=15.3238(t)1.1983(t2). ––– Estimated percent of pigs with fever=0.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Description of eight treatment groups derived from combinations of three factors: S. choleraesuis (S), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (P), and dexamethasone (D)</note><note type="content">Table 2: Average daily gain (ADG) of pigs surviving till Day 21a</note><note type="content">Table 3: Quantitative recovery of S. choleraesuis from fecal samplesa</note><note type="content">Table 4: Percent of pigs within treatment groups with at least one fecal sample, tonsil swab, or nasal swab positive for S. choleraesuisa</note><note type="content">Table 5: Percent of postmortem tissue samples from pigs surviving till Day 21 within treatment groups positive for S. choleraesuisa</note><note type="content">Table 6: Percent of pigs within treatment groups from which PRRSV was recovered from serum samplesa</note><note type="content">Table 7: Serum PRRSV titersa</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis in swine</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Robert W.</forename><surname>Wills</surname></persName><email>rwills1@unl.edu</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Present address: Currently at the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA. Tel.: +402-472-1737; fax: +402-472-3094</p></note><affiliation>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Jeffery T.</forename><surname>Gray</surname></persName><note type="biography">Currently at the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.</note><affiliation>Currently at the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.</affiliation><affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Paula J.</forename><surname>Fedorka-Cray</surname></persName><note type="biography">Currently at the Poultry Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS-Richard Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA.</note><affiliation>Currently at the Poultry Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS-Richard Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA.</affiliation><affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">K.-J.</forename><surname>Yoon</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Scott</forename><surname>Ladely</surname></persName><note type="biography">Currently at the Poultry Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS-Richard Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA.</note><affiliation>Currently at the Poultry Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS-Richard Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA.</affiliation><affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">J.J.</forename><surname>Zimmerman</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">74743F71128703B01C6A984DCBD9410F0A1A0D71</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-X8FJ5774-B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00175-3</idno><idno type="PII">S0378-1135(99)00175-3</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Veterinary Microbiology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">VETMIC</title><idno type="pISSN">0378-1135</idno><idno type="PII">S0378-1135(00)X0072-7</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000"></date><biblScope unit="volume">71</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3–4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="177">177</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="192">192</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2000</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. While respiratory disease is common in both S. choleraesuis and PRRSV infections, the factors that contribute to its development remain largely undefined. We investigated the interaction of PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and stress in 5-week-old swine. All combinations of three factors (inoculation with S. choleraesuis on Day 0, PRRSV on Day 3, and treatment with dexamethasone on Days 3–7) were used to produce eight treatment groups in two independent trials. Fecal samples, tonsil and nasal swabs, serum samples and postmortem tissues were collected for bacteriologic and virologic examinations. No clinical signs were observed in pigs inoculated with only PRRSV or only S. choleraesuis. In contrast, pigs which were dually infected with S. choleraesuis and PRRSV exhibited unthriftiness, rough hair coats, dyspnea, and diarrhea. The pigs which received all three treatment factors were the most severely affected and 43% (three of seven) of the animals in this group died. Individuals in this group shed significantly higher quantities of S. choleraesuis in feces and had significantly higher serum PRRSV titers compared to other treatments (p≤0.05). In addition, S. choleraesuis and PRRSV were shed longer and by more pigs in this group than other groups and S. choleraesuis was recovered from more tissues in this group on Day 21 post inoculation. These results suggested that PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and dexamethasone acted synergistically to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in the field.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)</term></item><item><term>Salmonella choleraesuis</term></item><item><term>Interaction</term></item><item><term>Pig-bacteria</term></item><item><term>Pig-viruses</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2000">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-X8FJ5774-B/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>VETMIC</jid><aid>1815</aid><ce:pii>S0378-1135(99)00175-3</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00175-3</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2000">Elsevier Science B.V.</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and <ce:italic>Salmonella choleraesuis</ce:italic> in swine</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Robert W.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wills</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="COR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>rwills1@unl.edu</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Jeffery T.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Gray</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="FN1"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Paula J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Fedorka-Cray</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="FN2"><ce:sup>2</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>K.-J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Yoon</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Scott</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ladely</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="FN3"><ce:sup>3</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>J.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Zimmerman</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="COR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Present address: Currently at the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA. Tel.: +402-472-1737; fax: +402-472-3094</ce:text></ce:correspondence><ce:footnote id="FN1"><ce:label>1</ce:label><ce:note-para>Currently at the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote><ce:footnote id="FN2"><ce:label>2</ce:label><ce:note-para>Currently at the Poultry Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS-Richard Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote><ce:footnote id="FN3"><ce:label>3</ce:label><ce:note-para>Currently at the Poultry Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS-Richard Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="21" month="6" year="1999"></ce:date-received><ce:date-accepted day="29" month="9" year="1999"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and <ce:italic>Salmonella choleraesuis</ce:italic> are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. While respiratory disease is common in both <ce:italic>S. choleraesuis</ce:italic> and PRRSV infections, the factors that contribute to its development remain largely undefined. We investigated the interaction of PRRSV, <ce:italic>S. choleraesuis</ce:italic>, and stress in 5-week-old swine. All combinations of three factors (inoculation with <ce:italic>S. choleraesuis</ce:italic> on Day 0, PRRSV on Day 3, and treatment with dexamethasone on Days 3–7) were used to produce eight treatment groups in two independent trials. Fecal samples, tonsil and nasal swabs, serum samples and postmortem tissues were collected for bacteriologic and virologic examinations. No clinical signs were observed in pigs inoculated with only PRRSV or only <ce:italic>S. choleraesuis</ce:italic>. In contrast, pigs which were dually infected with <ce:italic>S. choleraesuis</ce:italic> and PRRSV exhibited unthriftiness, rough hair coats, dyspnea, and diarrhea. The pigs which received all three treatment factors were the most severely affected and 43% (three of seven) of the animals in this group died. Individuals in this group shed significantly higher quantities of <ce:italic>S. choleraesuis</ce:italic> in feces and had significantly higher serum PRRSV titers compared to other treatments (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic><ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>≤<ce:hsp sp="0.25"></ce:hsp>0.05). In addition, <ce:italic>S. choleraesuis</ce:italic> and PRRSV were shed longer and by more pigs in this group than other groups and <ce:italic>S. choleraesuis</ce:italic> was recovered from more tissues in this group on Day 21 post inoculation. These results suggested that PRRSV, <ce:italic>S. choleraesuis</ce:italic>, and dexamethasone acted synergistically to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in the field.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword" xml:lang="en"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Salmonella choleraesuis</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Interaction</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Pig-bacteria</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Pig-viruses</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis in swine</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Synergism between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wills</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: rwills1@unl.edu</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Present address: Currently at the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA. Tel.: +402-472-1737; fax: +402-472-3094</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jeffery T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gray</namePart><affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</affiliation><description>Currently at the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Paula J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fedorka-Cray</namePart><affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</affiliation><description>Currently at the Poultry Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS-Richard Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.-J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yoon</namePart><affiliation>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Scott</namePart><namePart type="family">Ladely</namePart><affiliation>USDA-ARS-National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA</affiliation><description>Currently at the Poultry Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS-Richard Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Zimmerman</namePart><affiliation>Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2000</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Salmonella choleraesuis are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. While respiratory disease is common in both S. choleraesuis and PRRSV infections, the factors that contribute to its development remain largely undefined. We investigated the interaction of PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and stress in 5-week-old swine. All combinations of three factors (inoculation with S. choleraesuis on Day 0, PRRSV on Day 3, and treatment with dexamethasone on Days 3–7) were used to produce eight treatment groups in two independent trials. Fecal samples, tonsil and nasal swabs, serum samples and postmortem tissues were collected for bacteriologic and virologic examinations. No clinical signs were observed in pigs inoculated with only PRRSV or only S. choleraesuis. In contrast, pigs which were dually infected with S. choleraesuis and PRRSV exhibited unthriftiness, rough hair coats, dyspnea, and diarrhea. The pigs which received all three treatment factors were the most severely affected and 43% (three of seven) of the animals in this group died. Individuals in this group shed significantly higher quantities of S. choleraesuis in feces and had significantly higher serum PRRSV titers compared to other treatments (p≤0.05). In addition, S. choleraesuis and PRRSV were shed longer and by more pigs in this group than other groups and S. choleraesuis was recovered from more tissues in this group on Day 21 post inoculation. These results suggested that PRRSV, S. choleraesuis, and dexamethasone acted synergistically to produce a syndrome similar to that observed in the field.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Regression plots of percentage of pigs within treatment groups with rectal temperatures exceeding 40.06°C (104.1°F). Treatment groups represented by a single regression line were not significantly different when plotted singly. Regression equations: ········Estimated percent of pigs with fever=25.0924(t)1.7482(t2). —— Estimated percent of pigs with fever=15.3238(t)1.1983(t2). ––– Estimated percent of pigs with fever=0.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Description of eight treatment groups derived from combinations of three factors: S. choleraesuis (S), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (P), and dexamethasone (D)</note><note type="content">Table 2: Average daily gain (ADG) of pigs surviving till Day 21a</note><note type="content">Table 3: Quantitative recovery of S. choleraesuis from fecal samplesa</note><note type="content">Table 4: Percent of pigs within treatment groups with at least one fecal sample, tonsil swab, or nasal swab positive for S. choleraesuisa</note><note type="content">Table 5: Percent of postmortem tissue samples from pigs surviving till Day 21 within treatment groups positive for S. choleraesuisa</note><note type="content">Table 6: Percent of pigs within treatment groups from which PRRSV was recovered from serum samplesa</note><note type="content">Table 7: Serum PRRSV titersa</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)</topic><topic>Salmonella choleraesuis</topic><topic>Interaction</topic><topic>Pig-bacteria</topic><topic>Pig-viruses</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Veterinary Microbiology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>VETMIC</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0378-1135</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0378-1135(00)X0072-7</identifier><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><number>71</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>3–4</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>177</start><end>348</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>177</start><end>192</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">74743F71128703B01C6A984DCBD9410F0A1A0D71</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-X8FJ5774-B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0378-1135(99)00175-3</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0378-1135(99)00175-3</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2000 Elsevier Science B.V.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science B.V., ©2000</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-X8FJ5774-B/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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