Association of COPD exacerbation frequency with gene expression of pattern recognition receptors in inflammatory cells in induced sputum
Identifieur interne : 000774 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000773; suivant : 000775Association of COPD exacerbation frequency with gene expression of pattern recognition receptors in inflammatory cells in induced sputum
Auteurs : Daisuke Kinose ; Emiko Ogawa ; Megumi Kudo ; Satoshi Marumo ; Hirofumi Kiyokawa ; Yuma Hoshino ; Toyohiro Hirai ; Kazuo Chin ; Shigeo Muro ; Michiaki MishimaSource :
- The Clinical Respiratory Journal [ 1752-6981 ] ; 2016-01.
Abstract
Background: Bacteria and viruses are major causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Molecular components of these pathogens are recognized by pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by various cells in the airway, which leads to initiation of inflammatory processes. Expression levels of PRRs in airway inflammatory cells are expected to affect susceptibility to COPD exacerbation. Aims: This prospective observational study was conducted to detect any association between exacerbation and PRR expression. Methods: Thirty‐one male COPD patients were recruited. At baseline, clinical history, lung function measurements, peripheral blood samples and induced sputum were obtained. Using sputum samples, we performed gene expression analysis of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, NOD1, NOD2, RIG‐I and MDA‐5 by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in addition to quantitative bacterial culture. COPD exacerbations were assessed based on Anthonisen's criteria using symptom diaries for the following 1‐year period. Results: During 1‐year follow‐up period, 13 patients experienced at least one exacerbation, but 18 patients did not. Those with exacerbations tended to be more severe COPD and showed larger neutrophil fraction in their induced sputum. Among PRRs, only TLR3 gene expression was increased in COPD patients with exacerbation compared with those without exacerbations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis including neutrophil fraction and TLR3 gene expression as predictor variables demonstrated that only an increase of neutrophil fraction, but not TLR3 gene expression, was a significant predictor for COPD exacerbation. Conclusion: TLR3 expression in inflammatory cells might affect the susceptibility to COPD exacerbation.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/crj.12171
Links to Exploration step
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<front><div type="abstract">Background: Bacteria and viruses are major causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Molecular components of these pathogens are recognized by pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by various cells in the airway, which leads to initiation of inflammatory processes. Expression levels of PRRs in airway inflammatory cells are expected to affect susceptibility to COPD exacerbation. Aims: This prospective observational study was conducted to detect any association between exacerbation and PRR expression. Methods: Thirty‐one male COPD patients were recruited. At baseline, clinical history, lung function measurements, peripheral blood samples and induced sputum were obtained. Using sputum samples, we performed gene expression analysis of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, NOD1, NOD2, RIG‐I and MDA‐5 by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in addition to quantitative bacterial culture. COPD exacerbations were assessed based on Anthonisen's criteria using symptom diaries for the following 1‐year period. Results: During 1‐year follow‐up period, 13 patients experienced at least one exacerbation, but 18 patients did not. Those with exacerbations tended to be more severe COPD and showed larger neutrophil fraction in their induced sputum. Among PRRs, only TLR3 gene expression was increased in COPD patients with exacerbation compared with those without exacerbations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis including neutrophil fraction and TLR3 gene expression as predictor variables demonstrated that only an increase of neutrophil fraction, but not TLR3 gene expression, was a significant predictor for COPD exacerbation. Conclusion: TLR3 expression in inflammatory cells might affect the susceptibility to COPD exacerbation.</div>
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<profileDesc><abstract style="main"><head>Abstract</head>
<head>Background</head>
<p>Bacteria and viruses are major causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (<hi rend="fc">COPD</hi>
) exacerbations. Molecular components of these pathogens are recognized by pattern‐recognition receptors (<hi rend="fc">PRR</hi>
s) expressed by various cells in the airway, which leads to initiation of inflammatory processes. Expression levels of <hi rend="fc">PRR</hi>
s in airway inflammatory cells are expected to affect susceptibility to <hi rend="fc">COPD</hi>
exacerbation.</p>
<head>Aims</head>
<p>This prospective observational study was conducted to detect any association between exacerbation and <hi rend="fc">PRR</hi>
expression.</p>
<head>Methods</head>
<p>Thirty‐one male <hi rend="fc">COPD</hi>
patients were recruited. At baseline, clinical history, lung function measurements, peripheral blood samples and induced sputum were obtained. Using sputum samples, we performed gene expression analysis of <hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fi">TLR2</hi>
</hi>
, <hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fi">TLR3</hi>
</hi>
, <hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fi">TLR4</hi>
</hi>
, <hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fi">NOD1</hi>
</hi>
, <hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fi">NOD2</hi>
</hi>
, <hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fi">RIG</hi>
</hi>
<hi rend="italic">‐</hi>
<hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fi">I</hi>
</hi>
and <hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fi">MDA‐5</hi>
</hi>
by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in addition to quantitative bacterial culture. <hi rend="fc">COPD</hi>
exacerbations were assessed based on <hi rend="fc">A</hi>
nthonisen's criteria using symptom diaries for the following 1‐year period.</p>
<head>Results</head>
<p>During 1‐year follow‐up period, 13 patients experienced at least one exacerbation, but 18 patients did not. Those with exacerbations tended to be more severe <hi rend="fc">COPD</hi>
and showed larger neutrophil fraction in their induced sputum. Among <hi rend="fc">PRR</hi>
s, only <hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fi">TLR3</hi>
</hi>
gene expression was increased in <hi rend="fc">COPD</hi>
patients with exacerbation compared with those without exacerbations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis including neutrophil fraction and <hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fi">TLR3</hi>
</hi>
gene expression as predictor variables demonstrated that only an increase of neutrophil fraction, but not <hi rend="fc"><hi rend="fi">TLR3</hi>
</hi>
gene expression, was a significant predictor for <hi rend="fc">COPD</hi>
exacerbation.</p>
<head>Conclusion</head>
<p><hi rend="italic"><hi rend="fc">TLR3</hi>
</hi>
expression in inflammatory cells might affect the susceptibility to <hi rend="fc">COPD</hi>
exacerbation.</p>
</abstract>
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<correspondenceTo><lineatedText><line><b>Correspondence</b>
</line>
<line>Emiko Ogawa, MD, PhD, Health Administration Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta‐Tsukinowa‐cho, Otsu, 520‐2192 Shiga, Japan</line>
<line>Tel: +81 77 548 2087</line>
<line>Fax: +81 77 548 2087</line>
<line>email: <email>eogawa@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp</email>
</line>
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<contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="short">PRRs in sputum and <fc>COPD</fc>
exacerbation</title>
<title type="shortAuthors">Kinose <i>et al</i>
.</title>
<title type="main">Association of <fc>COPD</fc>
exacerbation frequency with gene expression of pattern recognition receptors in inflammatory cells in induced sputum</title>
</titleGroup>
<creators><creator affiliationRef="#crj12171-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12171-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Daisuke</givenNames>
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</creator>
<creator affiliationRef="#crj12171-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12171-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>Megumi</givenNames>
<familyName>Kudo</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator affiliationRef="#crj12171-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12171-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>Satoshi</givenNames>
<familyName>Marumo</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator affiliationRef="#crj12171-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12171-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>Hirofumi</givenNames>
<familyName>Kiyokawa</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator affiliationRef="#crj12171-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12171-cr-0006"><personName><givenNames>Yuma</givenNames>
<familyName>Hoshino</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator affiliationRef="#crj12171-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12171-cr-0007"><personName><givenNames>Toyohiro</givenNames>
<familyName>Hirai</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator affiliationRef="#crj12171-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12171-cr-0008"><personName><givenNames>Kazuo</givenNames>
<familyName>Chin</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator affiliationRef="#crj12171-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12171-cr-0009"><personName><givenNames>Shigeo</givenNames>
<familyName>Muro</familyName>
</personName>
</creator>
<creator affiliationRef="#crj12171-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="crj12171-cr-0010"><personName><givenNames>Michiaki</givenNames>
<familyName>Mishima</familyName>
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<affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="JP" xml:id="crj12171-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Department of Respiratory Medicine</orgDiv>
<orgDiv>Graduate School of Medicine</orgDiv>
<orgName>Kyoto University</orgName>
<address><city>Kyoto</city>
<country>Japan</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
<affiliation countryCode="JP" xml:id="crj12171-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Health Administration Center and Division of Respiratory Medicine</orgDiv>
<orgDiv>Department of Medicine</orgDiv>
<orgName>Shiga University of Medical Science</orgName>
<address><city>Otsu</city>
<country>Japan</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
<affiliation countryCode="JP" xml:id="crj12171-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine</orgDiv>
<orgDiv>Graduate School of Medicine</orgDiv>
<orgName>Kyoto University</orgName>
<address><city>Kyoto</city>
<country>Japan</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</affiliationGroup>
<keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="crj12171-kwd-0001"><fc>COPD</fc>
</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="crj12171-kwd-0002">exacerbation</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="crj12171-kwd-0003">induced sputum</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="crj12171-kwd-0004">innate immune system</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="crj12171-kwd-0005"><fc>TLR3</fc>
</keyword>
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<caption><p><b>Figure S1.</b>
A simulation model to see the relation of neutrophil fraction to <i>TLR3/GAPDH</i>
in induced sputum.</p>
<p><b>Table S1.</b>
Primer design for quantitative RT‐PCR.</p>
<p><b>Table S2.</b>
Results of the multiple logistic regression analysis predicting exacerbation onsets by neutrophil fraction in induced sputum and <i>TLR3</i>
gene expression.</p>
</caption>
</supportingInfoItem>
</supportingInformation>
<abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><title type="main">Abstract</title>
<section xml:id="crj12171-sec-0001"><title type="main">Background</title>
<p>Bacteria and viruses are major causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (<fc>COPD</fc>
) exacerbations. Molecular components of these pathogens are recognized by pattern‐recognition receptors (<fc>PRR</fc>
s) expressed by various cells in the airway, which leads to initiation of inflammatory processes. Expression levels of <fc>PRR</fc>
s in airway inflammatory cells are expected to affect susceptibility to <fc>COPD</fc>
exacerbation.</p>
</section>
<section xml:id="crj12171-sec-0002"><title type="main">Aims</title>
<p>This prospective observational study was conducted to detect any association between exacerbation and <fc>PRR</fc>
expression.</p>
</section>
<section xml:id="crj12171-sec-0003"><title type="main">Methods</title>
<p>Thirty‐one male <fc>COPD</fc>
patients were recruited. At baseline, clinical history, lung function measurements, peripheral blood samples and induced sputum were obtained. Using sputum samples, we performed gene expression analysis of <fc><fi>TLR2</fi>
</fc>
, <fc><fi>TLR3</fi>
</fc>
, <fc><fi>TLR4</fi>
</fc>
, <fc><fi>NOD1</fi>
</fc>
, <fc><fi>NOD2</fi>
</fc>
, <fc><fi>RIG</fi>
</fc>
<i>‐</i>
<fc><fi>I</fi>
</fc>
and <fc><fi>MDA‐5</fi>
</fc>
by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in addition to quantitative bacterial culture. <fc>COPD</fc>
exacerbations were assessed based on <fc>A</fc>
nthonisen's criteria using symptom diaries for the following 1‐year period.</p>
</section>
<section xml:id="crj12171-sec-0004"><title type="main">Results</title>
<p>During 1‐year follow‐up period, 13 patients experienced at least one exacerbation, but 18 patients did not. Those with exacerbations tended to be more severe <fc>COPD</fc>
and showed larger neutrophil fraction in their induced sputum. Among <fc>PRR</fc>
s, only <fc><fi>TLR3</fi>
</fc>
gene expression was increased in <fc>COPD</fc>
patients with exacerbation compared with those without exacerbations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis including neutrophil fraction and <fc><fi>TLR3</fi>
</fc>
gene expression as predictor variables demonstrated that only an increase of neutrophil fraction, but not <fc><fi>TLR3</fi>
</fc>
gene expression, was a significant predictor for <fc>COPD</fc>
exacerbation.</p>
</section>
<section xml:id="crj12171-sec-0005"><title type="main">Conclusion</title>
<p><i><fc>TLR3</fc>
</i>
expression in inflammatory cells might affect the susceptibility to <fc>COPD</fc>
exacerbation.</p>
</section>
</abstract>
</abstractGroup>
</contentMeta>
<noteGroup><note numbered="no" xml:id="crj12171-note-0001"><p><b>Authorship and contributorship</b>
</p>
<p>D. K. performed protocol preparation, sample collection, sample processing, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, data analysis and drafting of the manuscript. E. O. contributed to protocol preparation, sample collection, data analysis and drafting of the manuscript. M. K., S. M., H. K., S. M. and Y. H. contributed to protocol preparation and sample collection. T. H., K. C. and M. M. contributed to supervision of this project and revision of the manuscript.</p>
</note>
<note numbered="no" xml:id="crj12171-note-0002"><p><b>Ethics</b>
</p>
<p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kyoto University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine. All patients gave their informed consent before entry of this study.</p>
</note>
<note numbered="no" xml:id="crj12171-note-0003"><p><b>Conflict of interest</b>
</p>
<p>The authors have stated explicitly that there are no conflicts of interest in connection with this article.</p>
</note>
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<titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>PRRs in sputum and COPD exacerbation</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Association of COPD exacerbation frequency with gene expression of pattern recognition receptors in inflammatory cells in induced sputum</title>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Daisuke</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kinose</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan</affiliation>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Emiko</namePart>
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<affiliation>Health Administration Center and Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan</affiliation>
<affiliation>Emiko Ogawa, MD, PhD, Health Administration Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta‐Tsukinowa‐cho, Otsu, 520‐2192 Shiga, JapanTel: +81 77 548 2087Fax: +81 77 548 2087email:</affiliation>
<affiliation>E-mail: eogawa@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp</affiliation>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Megumi</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kudo</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan</affiliation>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Satoshi</namePart>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hirofumi</namePart>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yuma</namePart>
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<abstract>Background: Bacteria and viruses are major causes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Molecular components of these pathogens are recognized by pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by various cells in the airway, which leads to initiation of inflammatory processes. Expression levels of PRRs in airway inflammatory cells are expected to affect susceptibility to COPD exacerbation. Aims: This prospective observational study was conducted to detect any association between exacerbation and PRR expression. Methods: Thirty‐one male COPD patients were recruited. At baseline, clinical history, lung function measurements, peripheral blood samples and induced sputum were obtained. Using sputum samples, we performed gene expression analysis of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, NOD1, NOD2, RIG‐I and MDA‐5 by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in addition to quantitative bacterial culture. COPD exacerbations were assessed based on Anthonisen's criteria using symptom diaries for the following 1‐year period. Results: During 1‐year follow‐up period, 13 patients experienced at least one exacerbation, but 18 patients did not. Those with exacerbations tended to be more severe COPD and showed larger neutrophil fraction in their induced sputum. Among PRRs, only TLR3 gene expression was increased in COPD patients with exacerbation compared with those without exacerbations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis including neutrophil fraction and TLR3 gene expression as predictor variables demonstrated that only an increase of neutrophil fraction, but not TLR3 gene expression, was a significant predictor for COPD exacerbation. Conclusion: TLR3 expression in inflammatory cells might affect the susceptibility to COPD exacerbation.</abstract>
<note type="additional physical form">Figure S1. A simulation model to see the relation of neutrophil fraction to TLR3/GAPDH in induced sputum. Table S1. Primer design for quantitative RT‐PCR. Table S2. Results of the multiple logistic regression analysis predicting exacerbation onsets by neutrophil fraction in induced sputum and TLR3 gene expression.</note>
<subject><genre>keywords</genre>
<topic>COPD</topic>
<topic>exacerbation</topic>
<topic>induced sputum</topic>
<topic>innate immune system</topic>
<topic>TLR3</topic>
</subject>
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<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="crj12171-cit-0001"><titleInfo><title>The Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2011. Available at: http://www.goldcopd.org/ (accessed 1 December 2013).</title>
</titleInfo>
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<relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="crj12171-cit-0002"><titleInfo><title>Inflammatory cells in the airways in COPD</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R</namePart>
<namePart type="family">O'Donnell</namePart>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
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