Preparation and Testing of a Goat Pox Vaccine from a Pathogenic Field Isolate Attenuated in Cell Culture
Identifieur interne : 000642 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000641; suivant : 000643Preparation and Testing of a Goat Pox Vaccine from a Pathogenic Field Isolate Attenuated in Cell Culture
Auteurs : A. El-Zein ; S. Nehme ; K. V. SinghSource :
- Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B [ 0931-2021 ] ; 1983-01-12.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Acta virol, American university, Antigenic relationship, Attenuated, Attenuation, Body temperature, Cell culture, Cell passages, Cell population, Cell strains, Cell suspension, Cell system, Chromosomal analysis, Control animals, Coverslip cultures, Different passage levels, Enzimas proteoliticas, Experimental animals, Final concentration, Final reading, First passage, Food sciences, Further passages, Generalized lesions, Genetic studies, Goat, Growth medium, Heterologous hosts, Hypotonic solution, Inoculated, Inoculation, Intracytoplasmic inclusions, Lesion, Limited extent, Maintenance medium, Plaque formation, Present address, Primary cultures, Proteolytic enzymes, Roux flasks, Same animal, Serial passages, Serially passaged, Skin lesion, Susceptible goats, Titration, Trypsin, Trypsin solution, Trypsin treatment, Undiluted sera, Vaccine, Vaccine preparation, Virus, Virus passage.
Abstract
A field goat pox virus (GPV) isolate was attenuated through 120 passages in sheep testicular cell (STC) cultures and used as a vaccine. Direct adaptation of the virus on STC needed either one passage in susceptible goats or treatment of the virus or of the virus‐infected cell with proteolytic enzymes. Cell strains developed from frozen primary cultures retained a normal diploid state over 11 cell passages. Rabbit testicular cell (RTC) cultures were not susceptible to GPV and virus passages on co‐cultivated strains of STC and RTC cultures as well as treatment with proteolytic enzymes did not promote RTC susceptibility to GPV. The virus isolate was not pathogenic for sheep and was not or only weakly related to a vaccinal sheep pox virus. Both viruses grew to a limited extent in heterologous hosts. Periodic challenges of vaccinated goats showed that the attenuated GPV to be highly immunogenic; the immunity lasted at least one year.
Herstellung und Prüfung eines Ziegenpockenimpfstoffes aus einem pathogenen in Zellkulturen attenuierten Feldisolat Ein Ziegenpocken (GPV)‐Feldvirus wurde über 120 Passagen in Schafherden‐Zellkulturen (STC) attenuiert und als Vakzine eingesetzt. Für die direkte Adaptierung des Virus an STC erwies sich entweder eine Passage in empfänglichen Ziegen oder die Behandlung des Virus bzw. der virusinfizierten Zellen mit proteolytischen Enzymen als notwendig. Aus primären tiefgefrorenen ST‐Zellen abgeleitete Zellinien behielten über 11 Zell‐passagen ihren normalen diploiden Charakter. Kulturen aus Kaninchenhoden (RTC) waren für GPV nicht empfänglich. Dies ließ sich auch durch Cokultivierung von RTC mit STC und durch eine Behandlung der Zellen mit proteolytischen Enzymen nicht verbessern. Das Virusisolat war für Schafe nicht pathogener und zeigte keine oder kaum eine Beziehung zu einem Schafpocken‐Impfvirus. Beide Viren vermehrten sich nur sehr begrenzt in heterologen Wirten. Testinfektionen bei geimpften Ziegen in regelmäßigen Abständen bestätigten dem attenuierten GPV eine hohe Immunogenität. Der Impfschutz hielt mindestens 1 Jahr an.
Preparación y contrastación de una vacuna antivariólica para cabras, elaborada en cultivo celular a partir de un aislamiento campal patógeno atenuado Un virus campal de viruela caprina (GPV) se atenuó a través de más de 120 pases por cultivos celulares de testículos de moruecos (STC), empleándose como vacuna. Para la adaptación directa del virus a los STC resultó necesario bien un pase por cabras receptivas o bien el tratamiento del virus resp. de las células infectadas con virus con enzimas proteoliticas. Las líneas celulares derivadas de células ST criocongeladas primarias conservaron a lo largo de 11 pases celulares su carácter diploide normal. Los cultivos de testículos de conejo (RTC) no eran receptivos para GPV. Esto tampoco se pudo mejorar mediante cocultivo de RTC con STC ni por medio de un tratamiento de las células con enzimas proteolíticas. El virus aislado no era patógeno para ovejas y no mostraba ninguna o apenas una relación con una virus‐vacuna contra la viruela ovina. Ambos virus se multiplicaban solo dentro de límites muy estrechos en dos anfitriones heterólogos. Infecciones de prueba llevadas a cabo en cabras vacunadas en plazos de tiempo regulares confirman al GPV atenuado una inmunogeneidad muy elevada. La protección vacunal duró l año cuanto menos.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1983.tb01854.x
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ISTEX:67FFEEB312E95E4C8F1B99092EA0BC98862FCA9ELe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Preparation and Testing of a Goat Pox Vaccine from a Pathogenic Field Isolate Attenuated in Cell Culture</title><author><name sortKey="El Ein, A" sort="El Ein, A" uniqKey="El Ein A" first="A." last="El-Zein">A. El-Zein</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences, American University of Beirut, LebanonResearch Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon; K. V. Singh, UNDP‐FAO, P. O. Box 407, Ankara, Turkey.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nehme, S" sort="Nehme, S" uniqKey="Nehme S" first="S." last="Nehme">S. 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El-Zein</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences, American University of Beirut, LebanonResearch Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon; K. V. Singh, UNDP‐FAO, P. O. Box 407, Ankara, Turkey.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nehme, S" sort="Nehme, S" uniqKey="Nehme S" first="S." last="Nehme">S. Nehme</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences, American University of Beirut, LebanonResearch Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon; K. V. Singh, UNDP‐FAO, P. O. Box 407, Ankara, Turkey.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, K V" sort="Singh, K V" uniqKey="Singh K" first="K. V." last="Singh">K. V. Singh</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Virology, Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B</title><title level="j" type="alt">ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN REIHE B</title><idno type="ISSN">0931-2021</idno><idno type="eISSN">1439-0450</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">30</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1‐10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="341">341</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="348">348</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">8</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1983-01-12">1983-01-12</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0931-2021</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0931-2021</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Acta virol</term><term>American university</term><term>Antigenic relationship</term><term>Attenuated</term><term>Attenuation</term><term>Body temperature</term><term>Cell culture</term><term>Cell passages</term><term>Cell population</term><term>Cell strains</term><term>Cell suspension</term><term>Cell system</term><term>Chromosomal analysis</term><term>Control animals</term><term>Coverslip cultures</term><term>Different passage levels</term><term>Enzimas proteoliticas</term><term>Experimental animals</term><term>Final concentration</term><term>Final reading</term><term>First passage</term><term>Food sciences</term><term>Further passages</term><term>Generalized lesions</term><term>Genetic studies</term><term>Goat</term><term>Growth medium</term><term>Heterologous hosts</term><term>Hypotonic solution</term><term>Inoculated</term><term>Inoculation</term><term>Intracytoplasmic inclusions</term><term>Lesion</term><term>Limited extent</term><term>Maintenance medium</term><term>Plaque formation</term><term>Present address</term><term>Primary cultures</term><term>Proteolytic enzymes</term><term>Roux flasks</term><term>Same animal</term><term>Serial passages</term><term>Serially passaged</term><term>Skin lesion</term><term>Susceptible goats</term><term>Titration</term><term>Trypsin</term><term>Trypsin solution</term><term>Trypsin treatment</term><term>Undiluted sera</term><term>Vaccine</term><term>Vaccine preparation</term><term>Virus</term><term>Virus passage</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A field goat pox virus (GPV) isolate was attenuated through 120 passages in sheep testicular cell (STC) cultures and used as a vaccine. Direct adaptation of the virus on STC needed either one passage in susceptible goats or treatment of the virus or of the virus‐infected cell with proteolytic enzymes. Cell strains developed from frozen primary cultures retained a normal diploid state over 11 cell passages. Rabbit testicular cell (RTC) cultures were not susceptible to GPV and virus passages on co‐cultivated strains of STC and RTC cultures as well as treatment with proteolytic enzymes did not promote RTC susceptibility to GPV. The virus isolate was not pathogenic for sheep and was not or only weakly related to a vaccinal sheep pox virus. Both viruses grew to a limited extent in heterologous hosts. Periodic challenges of vaccinated goats showed that the attenuated GPV to be highly immunogenic; the immunity lasted at least one year.</div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="de">Herstellung und Prüfung eines Ziegenpockenimpfstoffes aus einem pathogenen in Zellkulturen attenuierten Feldisolat Ein Ziegenpocken (GPV)‐Feldvirus wurde über 120 Passagen in Schafherden‐Zellkulturen (STC) attenuiert und als Vakzine eingesetzt. Für die direkte Adaptierung des Virus an STC erwies sich entweder eine Passage in empfänglichen Ziegen oder die Behandlung des Virus bzw. der virusinfizierten Zellen mit proteolytischen Enzymen als notwendig. Aus primären tiefgefrorenen ST‐Zellen abgeleitete Zellinien behielten über 11 Zell‐passagen ihren normalen diploiden Charakter. Kulturen aus Kaninchenhoden (RTC) waren für GPV nicht empfänglich. Dies ließ sich auch durch Cokultivierung von RTC mit STC und durch eine Behandlung der Zellen mit proteolytischen Enzymen nicht verbessern. Das Virusisolat war für Schafe nicht pathogener und zeigte keine oder kaum eine Beziehung zu einem Schafpocken‐Impfvirus. Beide Viren vermehrten sich nur sehr begrenzt in heterologen Wirten. Testinfektionen bei geimpften Ziegen in regelmäßigen Abständen bestätigten dem attenuierten GPV eine hohe Immunogenität. Der Impfschutz hielt mindestens 1 Jahr an.</div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="es">Preparación y contrastación de una vacuna antivariólica para cabras, elaborada en cultivo celular a partir de un aislamiento campal patógeno atenuado Un virus campal de viruela caprina (GPV) se atenuó a través de más de 120 pases por cultivos celulares de testículos de moruecos (STC), empleándose como vacuna. Para la adaptación directa del virus a los STC resultó necesario bien un pase por cabras receptivas o bien el tratamiento del virus resp. de las células infectadas con virus con enzimas proteoliticas. Las líneas celulares derivadas de células ST criocongeladas primarias conservaron a lo largo de 11 pases celulares su carácter diploide normal. Los cultivos de testículos de conejo (RTC) no eran receptivos para GPV. Esto tampoco se pudo mejorar mediante cocultivo de RTC con STC ni por medio de un tratamiento de las células con enzimas proteolíticas. El virus aislado no era patógeno para ovejas y no mostraba ninguna o apenas una relación con una virus‐vacuna contra la viruela ovina. Ambos virus se multiplicaban solo dentro de límites muy estrechos en dos anfitriones heterólogos. Infecciones de prueba llevadas a cabo en cabras vacunadas en plazos de tiempo regulares confirman al GPV atenuado una inmunogeneidad muy elevada. 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El‐Zein</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon</json:string><json:string>Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences, American University of Beirut, LebanonResearch Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon; K. V. Singh, UNDP‐FAO, P. O. Box 407, Ankara, Turkey.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Nehme</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon</json:string><json:string>Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences, American University of Beirut, LebanonResearch Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon; K. V. Singh, UNDP‐FAO, P. O. Box 407, Ankara, Turkey.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K. V. Singh</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Virology, Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>ZPH1854</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-VBJM6823-2</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>A field goat pox virus (GPV) isolate was attenuated through 120 passages in sheep testicular cell (STC) cultures and used as a vaccine. Direct adaptation of the virus on STC needed either one passage in susceptible goats or treatment of the virus or of the virus‐infected cell with proteolytic enzymes. Cell strains developed from frozen primary cultures retained a normal diploid state over 11 cell passages. Rabbit testicular cell (RTC) cultures were not susceptible to GPV and virus passages on co‐cultivated strains of STC and RTC cultures as well as treatment with proteolytic enzymes did not promote RTC susceptibility to GPV. The virus isolate was not pathogenic for sheep and was not or only weakly related to a vaccinal sheep pox virus. Both viruses grew to a limited extent in heterologous hosts. 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Discussion</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Ankara</json:string><json:string>Grunwald</json:string><json:string>Pathogenicity</json:string><json:string>Turkey</json:string><json:string>Kenya</json:string><json:string>Lebanon</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Received for publication September 21, 1982</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-VBJM6823-2</json:string></ark><categories><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. psychologie</json:string><json:string>4 - vertebres: mouvements corporels. posture. locomotion. vol. nage. exercice physique. repos. sports</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>1983</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1983</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1439-0450.1983.tb01854.x</json:string></doi><id>67FFEEB312E95E4C8F1B99092EA0BC98862FCA9E</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-VBJM6823-2/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-VBJM6823-2/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-VBJM6823-2/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Preparation and Testing of a Goat Pox Vaccine from a Pathogenic Field Isolate Attenuated in Cell Culture</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><licence>© 1983 Blackwell Verlag GmbH</licence></availability><date type="published" when="1983-01-12"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Preparation and Testing of a Goat Pox Vaccine from a Pathogenic Field Isolate Attenuated in Cell Culture</title><author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>El‐Zein</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Virology</orgName><orgName type="institution">Research Institute of Agriculture</orgName><address><addrLine>Fanar</addrLine><addrLine>Lebanon</addrLine><country key="LB" xml:lang="en">LEBANON</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Nehme</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Virology</orgName><orgName type="institution">Research Institute of Agriculture</orgName><address><addrLine>Fanar</addrLine><addrLine>Lebanon</addrLine><country key="LB" xml:lang="en">LEBANON</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">K. V.</forename><surname>Singh</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="department">Department of Virology</orgName><orgName type="institution">Research Institute of Agriculture</orgName><address><addrLine>Fanar</addrLine><addrLine>Lebanon</addrLine><country key="LB" xml:lang="en">LEBANON</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">67FFEEB312E95E4C8F1B99092EA0BC98862FCA9E</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-VBJM6823-2</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1439-0450.1983.tb01854.x</idno><idno type="unit">ZPH1854</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:ZPH.ZPH1854.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B</title><title level="j" type="alt">ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN REIHE B</title><idno type="pISSN">0931-2021</idno><idno type="eISSN">1439-0450</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1439-0450a</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/zph.1983.30.issue-1-10</idno><idno type="product">ZPH</idno><idno type="publisherDivision">ST</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">30</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1‐10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="341">341</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="348">348</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">8</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1983-01-12"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><encodingDesc><schemaRef type="ODD" url="https://xml-schema.delivery.istex.fr/tei-istex.odd"></schemaRef><appInfo><application ident="pub2tei" version="1.0.10" when="2019-12-20"><label>pub2TEI-ISTEX</label><desc>A set of style sheets for converting XML documents encoded in various scientific publisher formats into a common TEI format.
<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Summary</head><p>A field goat pox virus (GPV) isolate was attenuated through 120 passages in sheep testicular cell (STC) cultures and used as a vaccine. Direct adaptation of the virus on STC needed either one passage in susceptible goats or treatment of the virus or of the virus‐infected cell with proteolytic enzymes.</p><p>Cell strains developed from frozen primary cultures retained a normal diploid state over 11 cell passages. Rabbit testicular cell (RTC) cultures were not susceptible to GPV and virus passages on co‐cultivated strains of STC and RTC cultures as well as treatment with proteolytic enzymes did not promote RTC susceptibility to GPV. The virus isolate was not pathogenic for sheep and was not or only weakly related to a vaccinal sheep pox virus. Both viruses grew to a limited extent in heterologous hosts. Periodic challenges of vaccinated goats showed that the attenuated GPV to be highly immunogenic; the immunity lasted at least one year.</p><head>Zusammenfassung</head><p>Herstellung und Prüfung eines Ziegenpockenimpfstoffes aus einem pathogenen in Zellkulturen attenuierten Feldisolat</p><p>Ein Ziegenpocken (GPV)‐Feldvirus wurde über 120 Passagen in Schafherden‐Zellkulturen (STC) attenuiert und als Vakzine eingesetzt. Für die direkte Adaptierung des Virus an STC erwies sich entweder eine Passage in empfänglichen Ziegen oder die Behandlung des Virus bzw. der virusinfizierten Zellen mit proteolytischen Enzymen als notwendig.</p><p>Aus primären tiefgefrorenen ST‐Zellen abgeleitete Zellinien behielten über 11 Zell‐passagen ihren normalen diploiden Charakter. Kulturen aus Kaninchenhoden (RTC) waren für GPV nicht empfänglich. Dies ließ sich auch durch Cokultivierung von RTC mit STC und durch eine Behandlung der Zellen mit proteolytischen Enzymen nicht verbessern. Das Virusisolat war für Schafe nicht pathogener und zeigte keine oder kaum eine Beziehung zu einem Schafpocken‐Impfvirus. Beide Viren vermehrten sich nur sehr begrenzt in heterologen Wirten.</p><p>Testinfektionen bei geimpften Ziegen in regelmäßigen Abständen bestätigten dem attenuierten GPV eine hohe Immunogenität. Der Impfschutz hielt mindestens 1 Jahr an.</p><head>Résumé</head><p>Préparation et testage d'un vaccin variolique caprin à partir d'un isolement pathogène du terrain atténué en cultures cellulaires</p><p>Un virus sauvage (GPV) de la variole de la chèvre a été atténué par 120 passages sur cultures cellulaires ovine (STC) et utilisé comme vaccin. L'adaptation directe du virus à STC a nécessité soit un passage sur des chèvres réceptives, soit le traitement du virus ou des cellules infectées par le virus avec des enzymes protéolytiques. Les lignées cellulaires issues des celllules ST primaires congelées ont conservé leur caractère diploïde normal sur 11 passages cellulaires. Des cultures à partir de testicules de lapins (RTC) n'ont pas été réceptives pour GPV. Une cocultivation de RTC avec STC et un traitement des cellules avec des enzymes protéolytiques n'ont rien amélioré. Le virus isolé n'a pas été pathogène pour des moutons et n'a montré aucune ou peu de parenté avec un virus vaccinal de la variole ovine. La multiplication des deux virus a été très limitée chez des hôtes hétérologues.</p><p>Des infections expérimentales chez des chèvres vaccinées à intervalles réguliers ont confirmé une forte immunogénicité pour GPV atténué. La protection vaccinale a duré au moins une année.</p><head>Resumen</head><p>Preparación y contrastación de una vacuna antivariólica para cabras, elaborada en cultivo celular a partir de un aislamiento campal patógeno atenuado</p><p>Un virus campal de viruela caprina (GPV) se atenuó a través de más de 120 pases por cultivos celulares de testículos de moruecos (STC), empleándose como vacuna. Para la adaptación directa del virus a los STC resultó necesario bien un pase por cabras receptivas o bien el tratamiento del virus resp. de las células infectadas con virus con enzimas proteoliticas.</p><p>Las líneas celulares derivadas de células ST criocongeladas primarias conservaron a lo largo de 11 pases celulares su carácter diploide normal. Los cultivos de testículos de conejo (RTC) no eran receptivos para GPV. Esto tampoco se pudo mejorar mediante cocultivo de RTC con STC ni por medio de un tratamiento de las células con enzimas proteolíticas. El virus aislado no era patógeno para ovejas y no mostraba ninguna o apenas una relación con una virus‐vacuna contra la viruela ovina. Ambos virus se multiplicaban solo dentro de límites muy estrechos en dos anfitriones heterólogos.</p><p>Infecciones de prueba llevadas a cabo en cabras vacunadas en plazos de tiempo regulares confirman al GPV atenuado una inmunogeneidad muy elevada. La protección vacunal duró l año cuanto menos.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Original Article</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-VBJM6823-2/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1439-0450a</doi><issn type="print">0931-2021</issn><issn type="electronic">1439-0450</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="ZPH"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN REIHE B">Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="01001"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/zph.1983.30.issue-1-10</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="30">30</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">1‐10</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="1983-01-12">January‐December 1983</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="46" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1439-0450.1983.tb01854.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ZPH1854"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="8"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original Article</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 1983 Blackwell Verlag GmbH</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2010-05-13"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-05-13"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.6 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-05-17"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-11"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-11-04"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="341">341</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="348">348</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><lineatedText><line>Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon</line><line>Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon; K. V. Singh, UNDP‐FAO, P. O. Box 407, Ankara, Turkey.</line></lineatedText></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ZPH.ZPH1854.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received for publication September 21, 1982</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="referenceTotal" number="19"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="7"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Preparation and Testing of a Goat Pox Vaccine from a Pathogenic Field Isolate Attenuated in Cell Culture</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1" noteRef="#fn1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>A.</givenNames><familyName>El‐Zein</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames><familyName>Nehme</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1" noteRef="#fn2"><personName><givenNames>K. V.</givenNames><familyName>Singh</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="LB"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Virology, Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><section xml:id="abs1-1"><title type="main">Summary</title><p>A field goat pox virus (GPV) isolate was attenuated through 120 passages in sheep testicular cell (STC) cultures and used as a vaccine. Direct adaptation of the virus on STC needed either one passage in susceptible goats or treatment of the virus or of the virus‐infected cell with proteolytic enzymes.</p><p>Cell strains developed from frozen primary cultures retained a normal diploid state over 11 cell passages. Rabbit testicular cell (RTC) cultures were not susceptible to GPV and virus passages on co‐cultivated strains of STC and RTC cultures as well as treatment with proteolytic enzymes did not promote RTC susceptibility to GPV. The virus isolate was not pathogenic for sheep and was not or only weakly related to a vaccinal sheep pox virus. Both viruses grew to a limited extent in heterologous hosts. Periodic challenges of vaccinated goats showed that the attenuated GPV to be highly immunogenic; the immunity lasted at least one year.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-2"><title type="main">Zusammenfassung</title><p>Herstellung und Prüfung eines Ziegenpockenimpfstoffes aus einem pathogenen in Zellkulturen attenuierten Feldisolat</p><p>Ein Ziegenpocken (GPV)‐Feldvirus wurde über 120 Passagen in Schafherden‐Zellkulturen (STC) attenuiert und als Vakzine eingesetzt. Für die direkte Adaptierung des Virus an STC erwies sich entweder eine Passage in empfänglichen Ziegen oder die Behandlung des Virus bzw. der virusinfizierten Zellen mit proteolytischen Enzymen als notwendig.</p><p>Aus primären tiefgefrorenen ST‐Zellen abgeleitete Zellinien behielten über 11 Zell‐passagen ihren normalen diploiden Charakter. Kulturen aus Kaninchenhoden (RTC) waren für GPV nicht empfänglich. Dies ließ sich auch durch Cokultivierung von RTC mit STC und durch eine Behandlung der Zellen mit proteolytischen Enzymen nicht verbessern. Das Virusisolat war für Schafe nicht pathogener und zeigte keine oder kaum eine Beziehung zu einem Schafpocken‐Impfvirus. Beide Viren vermehrten sich nur sehr begrenzt in heterologen Wirten.</p><p>Testinfektionen bei geimpften Ziegen in regelmäßigen Abständen bestätigten dem attenuierten GPV eine hohe Immunogenität. Der Impfschutz hielt mindestens 1 Jahr an.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-3"><title type="main">Résumé</title><p>Préparation et testage d'un vaccin variolique caprin à partir d'un isolement pathogène du terrain atténué en cultures cellulaires</p><p>Un virus sauvage (GPV) de la variole de la chèvre a été atténué par 120 passages sur cultures cellulaires ovine (STC) et utilisé comme vaccin. L'adaptation directe du virus à STC a nécessité soit un passage sur des chèvres réceptives, soit le traitement du virus ou des cellules infectées par le virus avec des enzymes protéolytiques. Les lignées cellulaires issues des celllules ST primaires congelées ont conservé leur caractère diploïde normal sur 11 passages cellulaires. Des cultures à partir de testicules de lapins (RTC) n'ont pas été réceptives pour GPV. Une cocultivation de RTC avec STC et un traitement des cellules avec des enzymes protéolytiques n'ont rien amélioré. Le virus isolé n'a pas été pathogène pour des moutons et n'a montré aucune ou peu de parenté avec un virus vaccinal de la variole ovine. La multiplication des deux virus a été très limitée chez des hôtes hétérologues.</p><p>Des infections expérimentales chez des chèvres vaccinées à intervalles réguliers ont confirmé une forte immunogénicité pour GPV atténué. La protection vaccinale a duré au moins une année.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-4"><title type="main">Resumen</title><p>Preparación y contrastación de una vacuna antivariólica para cabras, elaborada en cultivo celular a partir de un aislamiento campal patógeno atenuado</p><p>Un virus campal de viruela caprina (GPV) se atenuó a través de más de 120 pases por cultivos celulares de testículos de moruecos (STC), empleándose como vacuna. Para la adaptación directa del virus a los STC resultó necesario bien un pase por cabras receptivas o bien el tratamiento del virus resp. de las células infectadas con virus con enzimas proteoliticas.</p><p>Las líneas celulares derivadas de células ST criocongeladas primarias conservaron a lo largo de 11 pases celulares su carácter diploide normal. Los cultivos de testículos de conejo (RTC) no eran receptivos para GPV. Esto tampoco se pudo mejorar mediante cocultivo de RTC con STC ni por medio de un tratamiento de las células con enzimas proteolíticas. El virus aislado no era patógeno para ovejas y no mostraba ninguna o apenas una relación con una virus‐vacuna contra la viruela ovina. Ambos virus se multiplicaban solo dentro de límites muy estrechos en dos anfitriones heterólogos.</p><p>Infecciones de prueba llevadas a cabo en cabras vacunadas en plazos de tiempo regulares confirman al GPV atenuado una inmunogeneidad muy elevada. La protección vacunal duró l año cuanto menos.</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><label>1</label><p>Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.</p></note><note xml:id="fn2"><label>2</label><p>UNDP — FAO, P. O. Box 407, Ankara, Turkey.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Preparation and Testing of a Goat Pox Vaccine from a Pathogenic Field Isolate Attenuated in Cell Culture</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Preparation and Testing of a Goat Pox Vaccine from a Pathogenic Field Isolate Attenuated in Cell Culture</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">El‐Zein</namePart><affiliation>Department of Virology, Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon</affiliation><description>Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.</description><affiliation>Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences, American University of Beirut, LebanonResearch Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon; K. V. Singh, UNDP‐FAO, P. O. Box 407, Ankara, Turkey.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nehme</namePart><affiliation>Department of Virology, Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon</affiliation><affiliation>Faculty of Agricultural and Food sciences, American University of Beirut, LebanonResearch Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon; K. V. Singh, UNDP‐FAO, P. O. Box 407, Ankara, Turkey.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. V.</namePart><namePart type="family">Singh</namePart><affiliation>Department of Virology, Research Institute of Agriculture, Fanar, Lebanon</affiliation><description>UNDP — FAO, P. O. Box 407, Ankara, Turkey.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1983-01-12</dateIssued><edition>Received for publication September 21, 1982</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1983</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="references">19</extent><extent unit="linksCrossRef">7</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">A field goat pox virus (GPV) isolate was attenuated through 120 passages in sheep testicular cell (STC) cultures and used as a vaccine. Direct adaptation of the virus on STC needed either one passage in susceptible goats or treatment of the virus or of the virus‐infected cell with proteolytic enzymes. Cell strains developed from frozen primary cultures retained a normal diploid state over 11 cell passages. Rabbit testicular cell (RTC) cultures were not susceptible to GPV and virus passages on co‐cultivated strains of STC and RTC cultures as well as treatment with proteolytic enzymes did not promote RTC susceptibility to GPV. The virus isolate was not pathogenic for sheep and was not or only weakly related to a vaccinal sheep pox virus. Both viruses grew to a limited extent in heterologous hosts. Periodic challenges of vaccinated goats showed that the attenuated GPV to be highly immunogenic; the immunity lasted at least one year.</abstract><abstract lang="de">Herstellung und Prüfung eines Ziegenpockenimpfstoffes aus einem pathogenen in Zellkulturen attenuierten Feldisolat Ein Ziegenpocken (GPV)‐Feldvirus wurde über 120 Passagen in Schafherden‐Zellkulturen (STC) attenuiert und als Vakzine eingesetzt. Für die direkte Adaptierung des Virus an STC erwies sich entweder eine Passage in empfänglichen Ziegen oder die Behandlung des Virus bzw. der virusinfizierten Zellen mit proteolytischen Enzymen als notwendig. Aus primären tiefgefrorenen ST‐Zellen abgeleitete Zellinien behielten über 11 Zell‐passagen ihren normalen diploiden Charakter. Kulturen aus Kaninchenhoden (RTC) waren für GPV nicht empfänglich. Dies ließ sich auch durch Cokultivierung von RTC mit STC und durch eine Behandlung der Zellen mit proteolytischen Enzymen nicht verbessern. Das Virusisolat war für Schafe nicht pathogener und zeigte keine oder kaum eine Beziehung zu einem Schafpocken‐Impfvirus. Beide Viren vermehrten sich nur sehr begrenzt in heterologen Wirten. Testinfektionen bei geimpften Ziegen in regelmäßigen Abständen bestätigten dem attenuierten GPV eine hohe Immunogenität. Der Impfschutz hielt mindestens 1 Jahr an.</abstract>Préparation et testage d'un vaccin variolique caprin à partir d'un isolement pathogène du terrain atténué en cultures cellulaires Un virus sauvage (GPV) de la variole de la chèvre a été atténué par 120 passages sur cultures cellulaires ovine (STC) et utilisé comme vaccin. L'adaptation directe du virus à STC a nécessité soit un passage sur des chèvres réceptives, soit le traitement du virus ou des cellules infectées par le virus avec des enzymes protéolytiques. Les lignées cellulaires issues des celllules ST primaires congelées ont conservé leur caractère diploïde normal sur 11 passages cellulaires. Des cultures à partir de testicules de lapins (RTC) n'ont pas été réceptives pour GPV. Une cocultivation de RTC avec STC et un traitement des cellules avec des enzymes protéolytiques n'ont rien amélioré. Le virus isolé n'a pas été pathogène pour des moutons et n'a montré aucune ou peu de parenté avec un virus vaccinal de la variole ovine. La multiplication des deux virus a été très limitée chez des hôtes hétérologues. Des infections expérimentales chez des chèvres vaccinées à intervalles réguliers ont confirmé une forte immunogénicité pour GPV atténué. La protection vaccinale a duré au moins une année.<abstract lang="es">Preparación y contrastación de una vacuna antivariólica para cabras, elaborada en cultivo celular a partir de un aislamiento campal patógeno atenuado Un virus campal de viruela caprina (GPV) se atenuó a través de más de 120 pases por cultivos celulares de testículos de moruecos (STC), empleándose como vacuna. Para la adaptación directa del virus a los STC resultó necesario bien un pase por cabras receptivas o bien el tratamiento del virus resp. de las células infectadas con virus con enzimas proteoliticas. Las líneas celulares derivadas de células ST criocongeladas primarias conservaron a lo largo de 11 pases celulares su carácter diploide normal. Los cultivos de testículos de conejo (RTC) no eran receptivos para GPV. Esto tampoco se pudo mejorar mediante cocultivo de RTC con STC ni por medio de un tratamiento de las células con enzimas proteolíticas. El virus aislado no era patógeno para ovejas y no mostraba ninguna o apenas una relación con una virus‐vacuna contra la viruela ovina. Ambos virus se multiplicaban solo dentro de límites muy estrechos en dos anfitriones heterólogos. Infecciones de prueba llevadas a cabo en cabras vacunadas en plazos de tiempo regulares confirman al GPV atenuado una inmunogeneidad muy elevada. La protección vacunal duró l año cuanto menos.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0931-2021</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1439-0450</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1439-0450a</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ZPH</identifier><part><date>1983</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>30</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1‐10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>341</start><end>348</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit1"><titleInfo><title>Plaque formation by influenza viruses in the presence of trypsin</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Appleyard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Maber</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Appleyard, G., and H. B. Maber, 1974: Plaque formation by influenza viruses in the presence of trypsin. J. Gen. Virol., 25, 351–357.</note><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>351</start><end>357</end></extent></part><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>J. Gen. Virol.</title></titleInfo><part><date>1974</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>351</start><end>357</end></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit2"><titleInfo><title>Arik, F., 1973: Sheep and goat pox vaccine production. Report of the Meeting of the Standardization Committee for Production of Sheep Pox Vaccines. 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